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Wen J, Liu J, Wan L, Jiang H, Xin L, Sun Y, Fang Y, Wang X, Wang J. m 6A-mediated lncRNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 induces apoptosis and suppresses inflammation via regulating miR-146a-3p/SIRT1/NF-κB axis in rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2602-2621. [PMID: 38225924 PMCID: PMC10936687 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2302281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of m6A-mediated lncRNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 (MK5-AS1) in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) and its underlying molecular mechanism. RT-qPCR, western blot, flow cytometry (FCM), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were utilized for evaluating inflammation and apoptosis. Next, RIP, RNA pull-down, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and a series of rescue experiments were performed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of MK5-AS1 and its sponge-like action in RA-FLSs. The regulatory relationships between MK5-AS1 and WTAP were explored using the MeRIP-qPCR assay and RT-qPCR. Finally, the critical RNAs in the ceRNA axis were verified in the clinical cohort. MK5-AS1 was poorly expressed and miR-146a-3p was overexpressed in co-cultured RA-FLSs. MK5-AS1 overexpression could inhibit inflammatory responses and promote cell apoptosis in the co-cultured RA-FLSs. MK5-AS1 bound to miR-146a-3p to target SIRT1, thereby affecting inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis in the co-cultured RA-FLSs. SIRT1 knockdown or miR-146a-3p overexpression reversed the impacts of MK5-AS1 overexpression on co-cultured RA-FLSs inflammation and apoptosis. Moreover, WTAP was downregulated, and induced the inhibition of MK5-AS1 by promoting its RNA transcript stability. Clinically, MK5-AS1 was downregulated in RA-PBMCS and correlated with the clinical characteristics of RA. Our study elucidated that m6A-mediated MK5-AS1 sequestered miR-146a-3p to suppress SIRT1 expression in co-cultured RA-FLSs, thus providing a new insight into the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Xin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyan Fang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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2
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Huang Y, Xue Q, Chang J, Wang Y, Cheng C, Xu S, Wang X, Miao C. M6A methylation modification in autoimmune diseases, a promising treatment strategy based on epigenetics. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:189. [PMID: 37784134 PMCID: PMC10544321 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, including inflammation, antitumor, and antiviral immunity. However, the role of m6A modification in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has been rarely reported. METHODS Based on a description of m6A modification and the corresponding research methods, this review systematically summarizes current insights into the mechanism of m6A methylation modification in autoimmune diseases, especially its contribution to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). RESULTS By regulating different biological processes, m6A methylation is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and provides a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases. Notably, m6A methylation modification is involved in regulating a variety of immune cells and mitochondrial energy metabolism. In addition, m6A methylation modification plays a role in the pathological processes of RA, and m6A methylation-related genes can be used as potential targets in RA therapy. CONCLUSIONS M6A methylation modification plays an important role in autoimmune pathological processes such as RA and SLE and represents a promising new target for clinical diagnosis and treatment, providing new ideas for the treatment of autoimmune diseases by targeting m6A modification-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiuyun Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China.
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chenglong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China.
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3
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Li X, Lai L, Su J, Chen S, Lin S, Wang B, Gao J, Zhang L, Yao K, Duan S. Novel association between a transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 expression quantitative trait locus rs35197079 and decreased susceptibility of gestational diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:2062-2070. [PMID: 33979016 PMCID: PMC8565411 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence suggests that expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are more likely to associate with complex diseases. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5) is a ubiquitously expressed voltage-gated cation channel that acts indispensably to trigger insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. The present study evaluated the association between TRPM5 eQTL single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 380 unrelated Chinese pregnant women including 241 GDM patients and 139 controls were included in this study. The eQTL single-nucleotide polymorphisms of TRPM5 were obtained from the GTEx eQTL Browser, and were subsequently genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY iPLEX platform. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis showed that rs35197079 and rs74848824 were significantly associated with reduced GDM risk and lower fasting plasma glucose levels after adjusting confounder factors in dominant genetic models. Stratification analysis based on pre-pregnancy body mass index validated a strong association between rs35197079 and GDM susceptibility in underweight and normal weight individuals. Luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays carried out in rat pancreatic β-cells showed that rs35197079 was functional. CONCLUSIONS The TRPM5 eQTL single-nucleotide polymorphism rs35197079 was associated with decreased GDM susceptibility in a Chinese population, especially in underweight and normal weight pregnant women, and it was functional in modulating gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Liping Lai
- Endocrine DepartmentFutian Center for Chronic Disease ControlShenzhenChina
| | - Jindi Su
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Sheng Lin
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Baojiang Wang
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Jian Gao
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Linghua Zhang
- Shenzhen Health Development Research CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Keqin Yao
- Shenzhen Health Development Research CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Shan Duan
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenChina
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4
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Wu S, Li XF, Wu YY, Yin SQ, Huang C, Li J. N6 -Methyladenosine and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731842. [PMID: 34630412 PMCID: PMC8498590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one of the most common autoimmune diseases, is characterized by immune cell infiltration, fibroblast-like synovial cell hyperproliferation, and cartilage and bone destruction. To date, numerous studies have demonstrated that immune cells are one of the key targets for the treatment of RA. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal modification to eukaryotic mRNA, which is involved in the splicing, stability, export, and degradation of RNA metabolism. m6A methylated-related genes are divided into writers, erasers, and readers, and they are critical for the regulation of cell life. They play a significant role in various biological processes, such as virus replication and cell differentiation by controlling gene expression. Furthermore, a growing number of studies have indicated that m6A is associated with the occurrence of numerous diseases, such as lung cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we summarize the history of m6A research and recent progress on RA research concerning m6A enzymes. The relationship between m6A enzymes, immune cells, and RA suggests that m6A modification offers evidence for the pathogenesis of RA, which will help in the development of new therapies for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wu
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Postdoctoral Station of Clinical Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Su-Qin Yin
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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5
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Arleevskaya M, Takha E, Petrov S, Kazarian G, Novikov A, Larionova R, Valeeva A, Shuralev E, Mukminov M, Bost C, Renaudineau Y. Causal risk and protective factors in rheumatoid arthritis: A genetic update. J Transl Autoimmun 2021; 4:100119. [PMID: 34522877 PMCID: PMC8424591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of risk and protective factors in complex diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has evolved from epidemiological studies, which test association, to the use of Mendelian randomization approaches, which test direct relationships. Indeed, direct associations with the mucosal origin of RA are retrieved with periodontal disease (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans predominantly), interstitial lung involvement, tobacco smoking and air pollutants. Next, factors directly associated with an acquired immune response include genetic factors (HLA DRB1, PTPN22), capacity to produce anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPA), and relatives with a history of autoimmune diseases. Finally, factors can be also classified according to their direct capacity to interfere with the IL-6/CRP/sIL-IL6R proinflammatory pathway as risk factor (body fat, cardiometabolic factors, type 2 diabetes, depressive syndrome) or either as protective factors by controlling of sIL-6R levels (higher education level, and intelligence). Although some co-founders have been characterized (e.g. vitamin D, physical activity, cancer) the direct association with sex-discrepancy, pregnancy, and infections among other factors remains to be better explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arleevskaya
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - E Takha
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - S Petrov
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - G Kazarian
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - A Novikov
- Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Russia
| | - R Larionova
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - A Valeeva
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - E Shuralev
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Named After N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - M Mukminov
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - C Bost
- CHU Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Y Renaudineau
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia.,CHU Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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6
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Cassotta M, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Cianciosi D, Elexpuru Zabaleta M, Sumalla Cano S, Dominguez I, Bullon B, Regolo L, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Giampieri F, Battino M. Nutrition and Rheumatoid Arthritis in the 'Omics' Era. Nutrients 2021; 13:763. [PMID: 33652915 PMCID: PMC7996781 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern high-throughput 'omics' science tools (including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics) are currently being applied to nutritional sciences to unravel the fundamental processes of health effects ascribed to particular nutrients in humans and to contribute to more precise nutritional advice. Diet and food components are key environmental factors that interact with the genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and the microbiota, and this life-long interplay defines health and diseases state of the individual. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by a systemic immune-inflammatory response, in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to environmental triggers, including diet. In recent years increasing evidences suggested that nutritional factors and gut microbiome have a central role in RA risk and progression. The aim of this review is to summarize the main and most recent applications of 'omics' technologies in human nutrition and in RA research, examining the possible influences of some nutrients and nutritional patterns on RA pathogenesis, following a nutrigenomics approach. The opportunities and challenges of novel 'omics technologies' in the exploration of new avenues in RA and nutritional research to prevent and manage RA will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cassotta
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.C.); (M.E.Z.); (S.S.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernandez
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (D.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Maria Elexpuru Zabaleta
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.C.); (M.E.Z.); (S.S.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Sandra Sumalla Cano
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.C.); (M.E.Z.); (S.S.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Irma Dominguez
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.C.); (M.E.Z.); (S.S.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Beatriz Bullon
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Lucia Regolo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (D.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Josè Miguel Alvarez-Suarez
- AgroScience & Food Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador;
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jedda 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (D.C.); (L.R.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (D.C.); (L.R.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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7
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Gianchecchi E, Delfino DV, Fierabracci A. Natural Killer Cells: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Target in Autoimmune Diseases? Front Immunol 2021; 12:616853. [PMID: 33679757 PMCID: PMC7933577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases recognize a multifactorial pathogenesis, although the exact mechanism responsible for their onset remains to be fully elucidated. Over the past few years, the role of natural killer (NK) cells in shaping immune responses has been highlighted even though their involvement is profoundly linked to the subpopulation involved and to the site where such interaction takes place. The aberrant number and functionality of NK cells have been reported in several different autoimmune disorders. In the present review, we report the most recent findings regarding the involvement of NK cells in both systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. In T1D, innate inflammation induces NK cell activation, disrupting the Treg function. In addition, certain genetic variants identified as risk factors for T1D influenced the activation of NK cells promoting their cytotoxic activity. The role of NK cells has also been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of PBC mediating direct or indirect biliary epithelial cell destruction. NK cell frequency and number were enhanced in both the peripheral blood and the liver of patients and associated with increased NK cell cytotoxic activity and perforin expression levels. NK cells were also involved in the perpetuation of disease through autoreactive CD4 T cell activation in the presence of antigen-presenting cells. In systemic sclerosis (SSc), in addition to phenotypic abnormalities, patients presented a reduction in CD56hi NK-cells. Moreover, NK cells presented a deficient killing activity. The influence of the activating and inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) has been investigated in SSc and SLE susceptibility. Furthermore, autoantibodies to KIRs have been identified in different systemic autoimmune conditions. Because of its role in modulating the immune-mediated pathology, NK subpopulation could represent a potential marker for disease activity and target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gianchecchi
- VisMederi srl, Siena, Italy.,Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Area, Primary Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico V Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Area, Primary Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
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8
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Mifflin L, Ofengeim D, Yuan J. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) as a therapeutic target. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:553-571. [PMID: 32669658 PMCID: PMC7362612 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key mediator of cell death and inflammation. The unique hydrophobic pocket in the allosteric regulatory domain of RIPK1 has enabled the development of highly selective small-molecule inhibitors of its kinase activity, which have demonstrated safety in preclinical models and clinical trials. Potential applications of these RIPK1 inhibitors for the treatment of monogenic and polygenic autoimmune, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, ischaemic and acute conditions, such as sepsis, are emerging. This article reviews RIPK1 biology and disease-associated mutations in RIPK1 signalling pathways, highlighting clinical trials of RIPK1 inhibitors and potential strategies to mitigate development challenges. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) — a key mediator of cell death and inflammation — is activated in human diseases. Here, Yuan and colleagues discuss current understanding of RIPK1 biology and its association with diseases including inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and sepsis. The clinical development of small-molecule RIPK1 inhibitors and associated challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Mifflin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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