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Capuano R, Ciotti M, Catini A, Bernardini S, Di Natale C. Clinical applications of volatilomic assays. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39129534 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2387038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The study of metabolomics is revealing immense potential for diagnosis, therapy monitoring, and understanding of pathogenesis processes. Volatilomics is a subcategory of metabolomics interested in the detection of molecules that are small enough to be released in the gas phase. Volatile compounds produced by cellular processes are released into the blood and lymph, and can reach the external environment through different pathways, such as the blood-air interface in the lung that are detected in breath, or the blood-water interface in the kidney that leads to volatile compounds detected in urine. Besides breath and urine, additional sources of volatile compounds such as saliva, blood, feces, and skin are available. Volatilomics traces its roots back over fifty years to the pioneering investigations in the 1970s. Despite extensive research, the field remains in its infancy, hindered by a lack of standardization despite ample experimental evidence. The proliferation of analytical instrumentations, sample preparations and methods of volatilome sampling still make it difficult to compare results from different studies and to establish a common standard approach to volatilomics. This review aims to provide an overview of volatilomics' diagnostic potential, focusing on two key technical aspects: sampling and analysis. Sampling poses a challenge due to the susceptibility of human samples to contamination and confounding factors from various sources like the environment and lifestyle. The discussion then delves into targeted and untargeted approaches in volatilomics. Some case studies are presented to exemplify the results obtained so far. Finally, the review concludes with a discussion on the necessary steps to fully integrate volatilomics into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Capuano
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Volatilomics, "A. D'Amico", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandro Catini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Volatilomics, "A. D'Amico", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Interdepartmental Center for Volatilomics, "A. D'Amico", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Volatilomics, "A. D'Amico", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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2
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Deng W, Ye C, Wang W, Huang R, Guo C, Pan Y, Sun C. LC-MS analysis of chiral amino acids in human urine reveals D-amino acids as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1245:124270. [PMID: 39121519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor in the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in amino acid metabolites have been implicated in tumorigenesis and disease progression. Biomarkers on the basis of chiral amino acids, especially D-amino acids, have not been established for early diagnosis of CRC. Quantification of chiral amino acids, especially very low concentrations of endogenous D-amino acids, is technically challenging. We report here the quantification of L- and D-amino acids in urine samples collected from 115 CRC patients and 155 healthy volunteers, using an improved method. The method of chiral labeling, liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry enabled separation and detection of 28 amino acids (14 L-amino acids, 13 D-amino acids and Gly). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis identified 14 targeted variables among these chiral amino acids that distinguished the CRC from the healthy controls. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that D-α-aminobutyric acid (D-AABA), L-alanine (L-Ala), D-alanine (D-Ala), D-glutamine (D-Gln) and D-serine (D-Ser) could be potential biomarkers for CRC. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of combined multi-variables contributed to an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.995 with 98.3 % sensitivity and 96.8 % specificity. A model constructed with D-AABA, D-Ala, D-Gln, and D-Ser achieved an AUC of 0.988, indicating important contributions of D-amino acids to the association with CRC. Further analysis also demonstrated that the metabolic aberration was associated with age and the development of CRC, D-methionine (D-Met) was decreased in CRC patients with age over 50, and D/L-Gln in patients at stage IV was higher than patients at stage I. This study provides the signature of D-amino acids in urine samples and offers a promising strategy for developing non-invasive diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chundan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zijingang Campus of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
| | - Cuirong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Shi Y, Cui C, Chen S, Chen S, Wang Y, Xu Q, Yang L, Ye J, Hong Z, Hu H. Worm-Based Diagnosis Combining Microfluidics toward Early Cancer Screening. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:484. [PMID: 38675295 PMCID: PMC11052135 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Early cancer diagnosis increases therapy efficiency and saves huge medical costs. Traditional blood-based cancer markers and endoscopy procedures demonstrate limited capability in the diagnosis. Reliable, non-invasive, and cost-effective methods are in high demand across the world. Worm-based diagnosis, utilizing the chemosensory neuronal system of C. elegans, emerges as a non-invasive approach for early cancer diagnosis with high sensitivity. It facilitates effectiveness in large-scale cancer screening for the foreseeable future. Here, we review the progress of a unique route of early cancer diagnosis based on the chemosensory neuronal system of C. elegans. We first introduce the basic procedures of the chemotaxis assay of C. elegans: synchronization, behavior assay, immobilization, and counting. Then, we review the progress of each procedure and the various cancer types for which this method has achieved early diagnosis. For each procedure, we list examples of microfluidics technologies that have improved the automation, throughput, and efficiency of each step or module. Finally, we envision that microfluidics technologies combined with the chemotaxis assay of C. elegans can lead to an automated, cost-effective, non-invasive early cancer screening technology, with the development of more mature microfluidic modules as well as systematic integration of functional modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Shi
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Chen Cui
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Shengzhi Chen
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Siyu Chen
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qingyang Xu
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Lan Yang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Jiayi Ye
- Zhejiang University-University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Institute (ZJU-UIUC Institute), International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Zhi Hong
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Huan Hu
- Zhejiang University-University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Institute (ZJU-UIUC Institute), International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
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Zhou M, Wang Q, Lu X, Zhang P, Yang R, Chen Y, Xia J, Chen D. Exhaled breath and urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for cancer diagnoses, and microbial-related VOC metabolic pathway analysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2024; 110:1755-1769. [PMID: 38484261 PMCID: PMC10942174 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gradual evolution of the detection and quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been instrumental in cancer diagnosis. The primary objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic potential of exhaled breath and urinary VOCs in cancer detection. As VOCs are indicative of tumor and human metabolism, our work also sought to investigate the metabolic pathways linked to the development of cancerous tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was performed in the PubMed database. Original studies on VOCs within exhaled breath and urine for cancer detection with a control group were included. A meta-analysis was conducted using a bivariate model to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the VOCs for cancer detection. Fagan's nomogram was designed to leverage the findings from our diagnostic analysis for the purpose of estimating the likelihood of cancer in patients. Ultimately, MetOrigin was employed to conduct an analysis of the metabolic pathways associated with VOCs in relation to both human and/or microbiota. RESULTS The pooled sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve for cancer screening utilizing exhaled breath and urinary VOCs were determined to be 0.89, 0.88, and 0.95, respectively. A pretest probability of 51% can be considered as the threshold for diagnosing cancers with VOCs. As the estimated pretest probability of cancer exceeds 51%, it becomes more appropriate to emphasize the 'ruling in' approach. Conversely, when the estimated pretest probability of cancer falls below 51%, it is more suitable to emphasize the 'ruling out' approach. A total of 14, 14, 6, and 7 microbiota-related VOCs were identified in relation to lung, colorectal, breast, and liver cancers, respectively. The enrichment analysis of volatile metabolites revealed a significant enrichment of butanoate metabolism in the aforementioned tumor types. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of exhaled breath and urinary VOCs showed promise for cancer screening. In addition, the enrichment analysis of volatile metabolites revealed a significant enrichment of butanoate metabolism in four tumor types, namely lung, colorectum, breast and liver. These findings hold significant implications for the prospective clinical application of multiomics correlation in disease management and the exploration of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Rui Yang
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University
| | - Yu Chen
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University
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Pautova AK. Metabolic Profiling of Aromatic Compounds. Metabolites 2024; 14:107. [PMID: 38392999 PMCID: PMC10890443 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling is a powerful modern tool in searching for novel biomarkers and indicators of normal or pathological processes in the body [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa K Pautova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25-2 Petrovka Str., 107031 Moscow, Russia
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Russo E, Gloria LD, Nannini G, Meoni G, Niccolai E, Ringressi MN, Baldi S, Fani R, Tenori L, Taddei A, Ramazzotti M, Amedei A. From adenoma to CRC stages: the oral-gut microbiome axis as a source of potential microbial and metabolic biomarkers of malignancy. Neoplasia 2023; 40:100901. [PMID: 37058886 PMCID: PMC10130693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 95% of Colorectal cancers (CRC) consist of adenocarcinomas originating from colonic Adenomatous polyps (AP). Increasing importance in CRC occurrence and progression has been attributed to the gut microbiota; however, a huge proportion of microorganisms inhabit the human digestive system. So, to comprehensively study the microbial spatial variations and their role in CRC progression, from AP to the different CRC phases, a holistic vision is imperative, including the simultaneous evaluation of multiple niches from the gastrointestinal system. Through an integrated approach, we identified potential microbial and metabolic biomarkers, able to discriminate human CRC from AP and/or also the different Tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging. In addition, as the microbiota contributes to the production of essential metabolic products detectable in fecal samples, we analysed and compared metabolites obtained from CRC and AP patients by using a Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach. METHODS In this observational study, saliva, tissue and stool samples from 61 patients, have been collected, including 46 CRC and 15 AP patients, age and sex-matched, undergoing surgery in 2018 at the Careggi University Hospital (Florence, Italy). First, the microbiota in the three-district between CRC and AP patients has been characterized, as well as in different CRC TNM stages. Subsequently, proton NMR spectroscopy has been used in combination with multivariate and univariate statistical approaches, to define the fecal metabolic profile of a restricted group of CRC and AP patients. RESULTS CRC patients display a different profile of tissue and fecal microbiota with respect to AP patients. Significant differences have been observed in CRC tissue microbial clades, with a rise of the Fusobacterium genus. In addition, significant taxa increase at the genus level has been observed in stool samples of CRC patients. Furthermore, Fusobacterium found in intestinal tissue has been positively correlated with fecal Parvimonas, for the first time. Moreover, as predicted by metagenomics pathway analysis, a significant increase of lactate (p=0.037) has been observed in the CRC fecal metabolic profiles, and positively correlated with Bifidobacterium (p=0.036). Finally, minor bacterial differences in CRC patients at stage T2 (TNM classification) have been detected, with a raise of the Spirochaetota phylum in CRC samples, with a slight increase of the Alphaproteobacteria class in fecal samples. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the importance of microbiota communities and oncometabolites in CRC development. Further studies on CRC/AP management with a focus on CRC assessment are needed to investigate novel microbial-related diagnostic tools aimed to improve therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leandro Di Gloria
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Meoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff," University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff," University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy..
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7
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van Liere ELSA, van Dijk LJ, Bosch S, Vermeulen L, Heymans MW, Burchell GL, de Meij TGJ, Ramsoekh D, de Boer NKH. Urinary volatile organic compounds for colorectal cancer screening, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2023; 186:69-82. [PMID: 37030079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) suffers from suboptimal performance and participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be a useful alternative. We aimed to determine the diagnostic potential of urinary VOCs for CRC/adenomas. By relating VOCs to known pathways, we aimed to gain insight into the pathophysiology of colorectal neoplasia. METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Original studies on urinary VOCs for CRC/adenoma detection with a control group were included. QUADAS-2 tool was used for quality assessment. Meta-analysis was performed by adopting a bivariate model for sensitivity/specificity. Fagan's nomogram estimated the performance of combined FIT-VOC. Neoplasm-associated VOCs were linked to pathways using the KEGG database. RESULTS Sixteen studies-involving 837 CRC patients and 1618 controls-were included; 11 performed chemical identification and 7 chemical fingerprinting. In all studies, urinary VOCs discriminated CRC from controls. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for CRC based on chemical fingerprinting were 84% (95% CI 73-91%) and 70% (95% CI 63-77%), respectively. The most distinctive individual VOC was butanal (AUC 0.98). The estimated probability of having CRC following negative FIT was 0.38%, whereas 0.09% following negative FIT-VOC. Combined FIT-VOC would detect 33% more CRCs. In total 100 CRC-associated urinary VOCs were identified; particularly hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, aldehydes/ketones and amino acids, and predominantly involved in TCA-cycle or alanine/aspartate/glutamine/glutamate/phenylalanine/tyrosine/tryptophan metabolism, which is supported by previous research on (colorectal)cancer biology. The potential of urinary VOCs to detect precancerous adenomas or gain insight into their pathophysiology appeared understudied. CONCLUSION Urinary VOCs hold potential for non-invasive CRC screening. Multicentre validation studies are needed, especially focusing on adenoma detection. Urinary VOCs elucidate underlying pathophysiologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa L S A van Liere
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit, School of Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura J van Dijk
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit, School of Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie Bosch
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Centre for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn W Heymans
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George L Burchell
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim G J de Meij
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dewkoemar Ramsoekh
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit, School of Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit, School of Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Systematic Review: Contribution of the Gut Microbiome to the Volatile Metabolic Fingerprint of Colorectal Neoplasia. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010055. [PMID: 36676980 PMCID: PMC9865897 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been associated with changes in volatile metabolic profiles in several human biological matrices. This enables its non-invasive detection, but the origin of these volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their relation to the gut microbiome are not yet fully understood. This systematic review provides an overview of the current understanding of this topic. A systematic search using PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science according to PRISMA guidelines resulted in seventy-one included studies. In addition, a systematic search was conducted that identified five systematic reviews from which CRC-associated gut microbiota data were extracted. The included studies analyzed VOCs in feces, urine, breath, blood, tissue, and saliva. Eight studies performed microbiota analysis in addition to VOC analysis. The most frequently reported dysregulations over all matrices included short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, proteolytic fermentation products, and products related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and Warburg metabolism. Many of these dysregulations could be related to the shifts in CRC-associated microbiota, and thus the gut microbiota presumably contributes to the metabolic fingerprint of VOC in CRC. Future research involving VOCs analysis should include simultaneous gut microbiota analysis.
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Multi-Omics Approaches in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Diagnosis, Recent Updates and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225545. [PMID: 36428637 PMCID: PMC9688479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is common Cancer as well as the third leading cause of mortality around the world; its exact molecular mechanism remains elusive. Although CRC risk is significantly correlated with genetic factors, the pathophysiology of CRC is also influenced by external and internal exposures and their interactions with genetic factors. The field of CRC research has recently benefited from significant advances through Omics technologies for screening biomarkers, including genes, transcripts, proteins, metabolites, microbiome, and lipidome unbiasedly. A promising application of omics technologies could enable new biomarkers to be found for the screening and diagnosis of CRC. Single-omics technologies cannot fully understand the molecular mechanisms of CRC. Therefore, this review article aims to summarize the multi-omics studies of Colorectal cancer, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, microbiomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics that may shed new light on the discovery of novel biomarkers. It can contribute to identifying and validating new CRC biomarkers and better understanding colorectal carcinogenesis. Discovering biomarkers through multi-omics technologies could be difficult but valuable for disease genotyping and phenotyping. That can provide a better knowledge of CRC prognosis, diagnosis, and treatments.
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Alorda-Clara M, Torrens-Mas M, Morla-Barcelo PM, Martinez-Bernabe T, Sastre-Serra J, Roca P, Pons DG, Oliver J, Reyes J. Use of Omics Technologies for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:817. [PMID: 35159084 PMCID: PMC8834235 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers with high mortality rates, especially when detected at later stages. Early detection of CRC can substantially raise the 5-year survival rate of patients, and different efforts are being put into developing enhanced CRC screening programs. Currently, the faecal immunochemical test with a follow-up colonoscopy is being implemented for CRC screening. However, there is still a medical need to describe biomarkers that help with CRC detection and monitor CRC patients. The use of omics techniques holds promise to detect new biomarkers for CRC. In this review, we discuss the use of omics in different types of samples, including breath, urine, stool, blood, bowel lavage fluid, or tumour tissue, and highlight some of the biomarkers that have been recently described with omics data. Finally, we also review the use of extracellular vesicles as an improved and promising instrument for biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alorda-Clara
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Pere Miquel Morla-Barcelo
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
| | - Toni Martinez-Bernabe
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Reyes
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Servicio Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, E-07300 Inca, Illes Balears, Spain
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The Application of Metabolomics in Recent Colorectal Cancer Studies: A State-of-the-Art Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030725. [PMID: 35158992 PMCID: PMC8833341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States. Current diagnosis techniques are either highly invasive or lack sensitivity, suggesting the need for alternative techniques for biomarker detection. Metabolomics represents one such technique with great promise in identifying CRC biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity, but thus far is rarely employed in a clinical setting. In order to provide a framework for future clinical usage, we characterized dysregulated metabolites across recent literature, identifying metabolites dysregulated across a variety of biospecimens. We additionally put special focus on the interplay of the gut microbiome and perturbed metabolites in CRC. We were able to identify many metabolites showing consistent dysregulation in CRC, demonstrating the value of metabolomics as a promising diagnostic technique. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent disease with poor prognostic outcomes if not diagnosed in early stages. Current diagnosis techniques are either highly invasive or lack sufficient sensitivity. Thus, identifying diagnostic biomarkers of CRC with high sensitivity and specificity is desirable. Metabolomics represents an analytical profiling technique with great promise in identifying such biomarkers and typically represents a close tie with the phenotype of a specific disease. We thus conducted a systematic review of studies reported from January 2012 to July 2021 relating to the detection of CRC biomarkers through metabolomics to provide a collection of knowledge for future diagnostic development. We identified thirty-seven metabolomics studies characterizing CRC, many of which provided metabolites/metabolic profile-based diagnostic models with high sensitivity and specificity. These studies demonstrated that a great number of metabolites can be differentially regulated in CRC patients compared to healthy controls, adenomatous polyps, or across stages of CRC. Among these metabolite biomarkers, especially dysregulated were certain amino acids, fatty acids, and lysophosphatidylcholines. Additionally, we discussed the contribution of the gut bacterial population to pathogenesis of CRC through their modulation to fecal metabolite pools and summarized the established links in the literature between certain microbial genera and altered metabolite levels in CRC patients. Taken together, we conclude that metabolomics presents itself as a promising and effective method of CRC biomarker detection.
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