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HAROUNA M, IBRAHIM MAMADOU AK, HAMADOU M, OUSMANE S, ISSA ABDOU K, ALI I, ZAKARI SIDI O. [PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF HUMAN SCABIES IN PRISONS IN DOSSO, NIGER]. MEDECINE TROPICALE ET SANTE INTERNATIONALE 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i3.2023.398. [PMID: 38094487 PMCID: PMC10714598 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i3.2023.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Scabies is a contagious, pruritic, cosmopolitan dermatosis, widespread especially in human communities, due to parasitism by a mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis A lack of hygiene and overcrowding inside the houses are favourable factors. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of human scabies in the prison environment in Dosso (Niger). Materials and methods Prospective descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in November 2022 in the civil prison of Dosso on authorization of the prison administration. The collected data were sociodemographic characteristics, personal history of pruritus and its characteristics, risk factors related to hygiene and conditions of incarceration, examination performed by a dermatologist to look for clinical signs of scabies. The diagnosis was retained in any inmate presenting one or more elements at the interrogation and at the physical examination. Results Out of a total of 352 inmates, 43 (38 males and 5 females) had scabies, a prevalence of 12%. The average age was 33 with extremes of 18 and 62 years. Of the scabies patients, 9% reported a history of intense, sleepless pruritus prior to incarceration. Most of the inmates, 86%, were in cells with more than 20 inmates. Among those with scabies, 42% showered twice a day, 81% changed clothes after showering and 74% used soap regularly for washing. The topography of the lesions was external genitalia (37%), buttocks (21%), inner thighs (16%), interdigital spaces (9%), elbows (9%) and wrists (7%). The inmates were informed about the disease, treatment information was explained to them, and they attended a session on hygiene promotion. All cases of scabies detected were prescribed a local treatment based on benzyl benzoate lotion 25%. Discussion/conclusion Human scabies is common in the prison environment in Dosso. Too often, scabies goes undetected and is confused with other pruritic dermatoses, such as eczema or atopic dermatitis. Prison medical staff should be trained in scabies in order to prevent scabies outbreaks. The authorities in the region should make the improvement of hygiene and detention conditions in prisons their priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa HAROUNA
- Service de dermatologie-vénéréologie, Centre hospitalier régional de Dosso, Niger
| | | | - Mazou HAMADOU
- Service de pédiatrie, Centre hospitalier régional de Maradi, Niger
| | - Saraye OUSMANE
- Service de dermatologie-vénéréologie, Hôpital national de Niamey, Niger
| | | | - Inouss ALI
- Service de dermatologie-vénéréologie, Hôpital national Amirou Boubacar Diallo de Niamey, Niger
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Anwar ET, Gupta N, Porwal O, Sharma A, Malviya R, Singh A, Fuloria NK. Skin Diseases and their Treatment Strategies in Sub-Saharan African Regions. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:e270921196808. [PMID: 34579638 DOI: 10.2174/1871526521666210927120334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the rural areas of sub-Saharan African regions, skin diseases are so common. Due to which the population of the sub-Saharan region suffers from different types of skin disorders. In these regions, many treatment options are not available for the treatment of skin disease. AIM The current study aims to discuss various skin diseases and their treatment strategies specifically in sub-Saharan African regions. METHOD Extensive literature survey was carried out by using scopus, science direct, elsevier, google scholar and bentham science databases. RESULT AND DISCUSSION It was demonstrated from the literature surveys that different effective techniques are used in the management of skin disease. In the result, it was shown that the condition of the disease is at a dangerous level which must be controlled. CONCLUSION It is concluded from the manuscript that the skin disorder in the sub-Saharan region is at a very dangerous level. The research must be done to develop a better understanding of the disease and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Tariq Anwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil-Kurdistan. Iraq
| | - Nandan Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil-Kurdistan. Iraq
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh. India
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Diendéré EA, Traoré K, Bernatas JJ, Idogo O, Dao AK, Traoré GK, Napon/Zongo PD, Ouédraogo/Dioma S, Bognounou R, Diallo I, Ouédraogo/Sondo AK, Niamba PA. Prison health priorities in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study in the two largest detention environments in Burkina Faso. Int J Prison Health 2021; 18:97-113. [PMID: 34392661 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-04-2021-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to study the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases and beriberi among prisoners incarcerated in the two largest Remand and Correctional Facilities (RCF). DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study carried out from April 20 to May 19, 2017, in the RCFs of Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso. All prisoners who consulted and those referred to the health center by the health-care team were included in the study. Complaints and diagnosed diseases information were collected using the second version of the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-2). The authors used a logistic regression model to perform univariate and multivariate analyses. FINDINGS Of the 1,004 prisoners from the two RCFs included in the study (32.6%), 966 (96%) were male. The median age was 31.6 years. The distribution of diseases diagnosed using the ICPC-2 showed a predominance of gastrointestinal tract, skin and respiratory tract diseases among 206 (19.3%), 188 (17.6%) and 184 (17.2%) prisoners, respectively. A total of 302 prisoners (30.1%) had clinical beriberi, and 80 prisoners (8%) were underweight. Being incarcerated for more than nine months was independently associated with a high risk of digestive and respiratory diseases as well as beriberi. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS This study highlighted higher frequencies of digestive, skin and respiratory complaints and diseases in the two largest detention centers in Burkina Faso. These diseases are variously related to age, penal status and length of incarceration. In addition, underweight and thiamin vitamin deficiency responsible for beriberi are more frequent in adult prisoners, those not attending school, convicted prisoners and those with a length of stay in detention of more than nine months. These concrete results should help define a strategy and priority actions needed to reduce morbidity in prisons. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The actions should include the intervention of specialists in the field of common diseases in prisons, the improvement of individual hygiene conditions and environment, the improvement of the quality and quantity of the food ration, a strategy to reduce prison overcrowding. Other actions must be planned to allow specific groups such as women and minors to have access to health care that is adapted to them. Beyond the central concern of promoting the rights of prisoners and humanizing prisons, actions to improve the health of prisoners are part of an overall public health approach with its socio-economic and environmental implications. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS There is a need for a strong commitment from the State to develop a prison health policy that prioritizes the prevention of communicable and non-communicable diseases that are particularly prevalent in this context, without forgetting mental health and nutrition. This requires a collaboration of stakeholders based on better intersectorial communication, the implementation of a monitoring and evaluation system for the health of prisoners, an enhancement of the status of health-care providers working in prisons and an increase in the funding allocated to the health of prisoners with the mobilization of the necessary funds. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This study uses a primary health care classification to assess the health of inmates in a prison in Africa. It contributes to the weak evidence around prison health surveillance and health profiling of prisoners in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Arnaud Diendéré
- Eric Arnaud Diendéré is based at the Department of Internal Medicine, Bogodogo Teaching Hospital, and Medical association "SOS Médecins - Burkina Faso", Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Karim Traoré
- Karim Traoré is based at General Directorate of the Prison Security Guard/Ministry of Justice/Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean-Jacques Bernatas
- Jean-Jacques Bernatas is based at Expertise France, Public Health Department, Paris, France
| | - Ouedan Idogo
- Ouedan Idogo, Abdoul Kader Dao and Go Karim Traoré are all based at Medical association "SOS Médecins - Burkina Faso", Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul Kader Dao
- P. Delphine Napon/Zongo is based at the Department of Internal Medicine, Bogodogo Teaching Hospital, and Association "Assaut Hépatites", Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Go Karim Traoré
- Solange Ouedraogo/Dioma is based at Health Office of Expertise France, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - P Delphine Napon/Zongo
- René Bognounou is based at Internal Medicine Department, Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Solange Ouédraogo/Dioma
- Ismaël Diallo, Apoline Kongnimissom Ouédraogo/Sondo and Pascal Antoine Niamba are all based at Health Sciences Training and Research Unit, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - René Bognounou
- Internal Medicine Department, Yalgado OuédraogoTeaching Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Ismael Diallo
- Health Sciences Training and Research Unit, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Pascal Antoine Niamba
- Health Sciences Training and Research Unit, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Bedoya Del Campillo A, Lleopart N, ChQR G, Álvarez M, Montilla M, Martínez-Carpio PA. Intervention protocol to improve scabies control in enclosed communities: a case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 23:37-42. [PMID: 33847704 PMCID: PMC8278167 DOI: 10.18176/resp.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe patients with scabies in a prison setting. Document what type of treatment was carried out. Prepare an intervention protocol to improve scabies control in the Penitentiary Center. MATERIAL AND METHOD All cases of scabies diagnosed in the Youth Detention Centre (La Roca del Vallès, Barcelona) between November 2018 and November 2019 were recorded. The treatment used was recorded. Bibliographical research on the protocols and treatment guidelines was carried out for community-acquired scabies. RESULTS The study was performed with 762 inmates, of whom 61 patients were diagnosed with scabies. 39 patients' pathologies were detected at the time of admission to the center, 11 cases were diagnosed in the first 6 weeks after entering the prison, coinciding with the incubation period of the disease. Finally, 11 more were diagnosed when they had already been in prison for more than 6 weeks and therefore could be infected cases within the center. This parasitosis was detected mainly in inmates of North African origin, 14.7% of Algerian inmates and 14.2% of Moroccan inmates presented this pathology, compared to 1.6% among Spanish prisoners. All 61 patients were treated with permethrin and 8 cases had to repeat the treatment cycle due to apparent therapeutic failure. Research literature indicates that oral ivermectin should be the drug of first choice for the treatment of scabies in prison. DISCUSSION The high incidence of scabies cases detected in prison led us to carry out a bibliographic review that brought about changes in the treatment protocol that may be of interest for the control of the disease in closed communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bedoya Del Campillo
- Primary Care Service Team, La Roca del Vallès-2 Prison. Catalonian Health Institute. Regional Government of Catalonia
| | - N Lleopart
- Primary Care Service Team, La Roca del Vallès-2 Prison. Catalonian Health Institute. Regional Government of Catalonia
| | - Ghuman ChQR
- Primary Care Service Team, La Roca del Vallès-2 Prison. Catalonian Health Institute. Regional Government of Catalonia
| | - M Álvarez
- Primary Care Service Team, La Roca del Vallès-2 Prison. Catalonian Health Institute. Regional Government of Catalonia
| | - M Montilla
- Primary Care Service Team, La Roca del Vallès-2 Prison. Catalonian Health Institute. Regional Government of Catalonia
| | - P A Martínez-Carpio
- Primary Care Service Team, La Roca del Vallès-2 Prison. Catalonian Health Institute. Regional Government of Catalonia
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A scabies outbreak in the North East Region of Ghana: The necessity for prompt intervention. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008902. [PMID: 33351803 PMCID: PMC7787682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a dearth of data on scabies from Ghana. In September 2019, local health authorities in the East Mamprusi district of northern Ghana received reports of scabies from many parts of the district. Due to on-going reports of more cases, an assessment team visited the communities to assess the effect of the earlier individual treatment on the outbreak. The assessment team furthermore aimed to contribute to the data on scabies burden in Ghana and to demonstrate the use of the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) diagnostic tool in a field survey in a resource limited setting. Methodology/Principal findings This was a cross sectional study. Demographic information and medical history was collected on all participants using a REDCap questionnaire. A standardised skin examination of exposed regions of the body was performed on all participants. Scabies was diagnosed based on the criteria of the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS). Participants were mostly female (61.5%) and had a median age of 18.8 years (IQR 13–25). Two hundred out of 283 (71%) of participants had scabies with most (47%) presenting with moderate disease. Impetigo was found in 22% of participants with scabies and 10.8% of those without scabies [RR 2.27 (95% CI 1.21–4.27)]. 119 participants who received scabies treatment in the past months still had clinical evidence of the disease. 97% of participants reported a recent scabies contact. Scabies was commoner in participants ≤16 years compared to those >16 years [RR 3.06 (95% CI 1.73–5.45)]. Conclusion/Significance The prevalence of scabies was extremely high. The lack of a systematic approach to scabies treatment led to recurrence and ongoing community spread. The IACS criteria was useful in this outbreak assessment in Ghana. Alternative strategies such as Mass drug administration may be required to contain outbreaks early in such settings. Scabies, recently categorised as a Neglected Tropical Disease by the WHO is caused by infestation with Sarcoptes scabiei and is characterised by intense pruritus and rash that typically involves the genitalia and the web spaces of the fingers and toes. It has a large global burden and is associated with significant morbidity and socio-economic burden. Secondary bacterial infections following scabies can lead to significant complications including chronic kidney disease from glomerulonephritis and possibly rheumatic heart disease. An outbreak of scabies was reported in Ghana’s East Mamprusi district in September 2019. Despite earlier treatment of individual cases, scabies prevalence was 71%. About 19% of participants had impetigo which was mostly mild in severity. Absence of a systematic approach to treat scabies led to recurrence and ongoing community spread. The recently published IACS criteria for diagnosing scabies proved useful in this outbreak assessment in Ghana. Alternative strategies such as Mass drug administration may be required to contain outbreaks in such settings.
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Engelman D, Cantey PT, Marks M, Solomon AW, Chang AY, Chosidow O, Enbiale W, Engels D, Hay RJ, Hendrickx D, Hotez PJ, Kaldor JM, Kama M, Mackenzie CD, McCarthy JS, Martin DL, Mengistu B, Maurer T, Negussu N, Romani L, Sokana O, Whitfeld MJ, Fuller LC, Steer AC. The public health control of scabies: priorities for research and action. Lancet 2019; 394:81-92. [PMID: 31178154 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Scabies is a parasitic disease of the skin that disproportionately affects disadvantaged populations. The disease causes considerable morbidity and leads to severe bacterial infection and immune-mediated disease. Scientific advances from the past 5 years suggest that scabies is amenable to population-level control, particularly through mass drug administration. In recognition of these issues, WHO added scabies to the list of neglected tropical diseases in 2017. To develop a global control programme, key operational research questions must now be addressed. Standardised approaches to diagnosis and methods for mapping are required to further understand the burden of disease. The safety of treatments for young children, including with ivermectin and moxidectin, should be investigated. Studies are needed to inform optimum implementation of mass treatment, including the threshold for intervention, target, dosing, and frequency. Frameworks for surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation of control strategies are also necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Engelman
- Tropical Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Paul T Cantey
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anthony W Solomon
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aileen Y Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Chosidow
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France
| | - Wendemagegn Enbiale
- Department of Dermatovenerology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Dirk Engels
- Uniting to Combat Neglected Tropical Diseases, Switzerland
| | - Roderick J Hay
- Department of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Hendrickx
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter J Hotez
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John M Kaldor
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mike Kama
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - James S McCarthy
- QIMR Berghoefer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Diana L Martin
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Toby Maurer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Lucia Romani
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Oliver Sokana
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Margot J Whitfeld
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L Claire Fuller
- Chelsea and Westminster Healthcare National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK; International Foundation for Dermatology, London, UK
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Tropical Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Wochebo W, Haji Y, Asnake S. Scabies outbreak investigation and risk factors in Kechabira district, Southern Ethiopia: unmatched case control study. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:305. [PMID: 31142358 PMCID: PMC6542071 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Scabies is an infection of the skin, which caused by human itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is a common health problem in Ethiopia, especially during disasters, poor sanitation and overcrowded living condition. However, investigation on scabies outbreak and associated factors was absent or scarce in the country in general and in the study area in particular. Hence, this study was intended to investigate scabies outbreak, identify risk factors, and recommend preventive measures in Kechabira district, Kembata Tembaro zone, Southern Ethiopia. Result We identified a total of 243 scabies cases line listed with overall prevalence of 2.5% and attack rate of (AR) 20.5 per 1000 populations and no death was reported. Of the suspected cases 126 (51.9%) were males and 117 (48.1%) were females. The median age was 24 years with inter-quartile range (IQR) of 22 years. The highest cases were seen in children aged 5–14 (50.6%) years. The cases were seen in three villages and the highest incidence was in Burchana, 23.9 per 1000 population. Identified determinant factors for scabies outbreak were sharing clothes with scabies patients (AOR = 6.08, 95% CI [1.54–23.92], and households having greater than six family members AOR = 38.755, 95% CI [8.084–185.787]. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4317-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wondimu Wochebo
- Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yusuf Haji
- School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Asnake
- School of Medical laboratory Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
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Middleton J, Cassell JA, Jones CI, Lanza S, Head MG, Walker SL. Scabies control: the forgotten role of personal hygiene – Authors' reply. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 18:1068-1069. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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