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Din SZU, Ahmed K, Rengasamy KR, Gul N, Ahmad I. Re: Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103957. [PMID: 38161038 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zaheer Ud Din
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Kamran Ahmed
- Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Kannan Rr Rengasamy
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LNPMC), Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602107, India
| | - Neelam Gul
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Pakistan.
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Liu L, He Y, Chang J. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103627. [PMID: 37245683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). METHODS PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published by November 16, 2022, with no time restrictions. 'Cutaneous leishmaniasis' and 'photodynamic therapy' were searched using predefined search strings. INCLUSION CRITERIA (i) Randomized control trials; (ii) controlled clinical trials; (iii) case series; (iv) case reports; (v) participants were humans; (vi) clinical diagnosis was CL; (vii) treatment method used was PDT; and (viii) articles published in English. RESULTS In total, 303 articles were identified, including 14 papers meeting the criteria. The number of patients in each study ranged from 1 to 60 and the age ranged from 1 to 82 years. Aminolevulinic acid and methyl aminolevulinate were used as photosensitizers. Red light and sunlight were used as light sources. All reported satisfactory clinical effects. Side effects of treatment included burning sensation, pain and pigmentation after treatment. However, they were tolerable and temporary. The follow-up time ranged between 9 weeks and 24 months. A total of two patients recurred, but one did not recur after another round of PDT during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that PDT is a safe and effective method for the treatment of CL, with tolerable side effects and good efficacy. As an alternative treatment method of CL, PDT has great potential. However, to verify the efficacy and specific mechanism of PDT for the optimal treatment strategy of CL, further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up times are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexi He
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Orabi MAA, Lahiq AA, Awadh AAA, Alshahrani MM, Abdel-Wahab BA, Abdel-Sattar ES. Alternative Non-Drug Treatment Options of the Most Neglected Parasitic Disease Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Narrative Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8050275. [PMID: 37235323 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With more than 12 million cases worldwide, leishmaniasis is one of the top 10 neglected tropical diseases. According to the WHO, there are approximately 2 million new cases each year in foci in around 90 countries, of which 1.5 million are cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a complex cutaneous condition that is caused by a variety of Leishmania species, including L. (Leishmania) major, L. (L) tropica, L. (L) aethiopica, L. (L) mexicana, L. (Viannia) braziliensis, and L. (L) amazonensis. The disease imposes a significant burden on those who are affected since it typically results in disfiguring scars and extreme social stigma. There are no vaccines or preventive treatments available, and chemotherapeutic medications, including antimonials, amphotericin B, miltefosine, paromomycin, pentamidine, and antifungal medications, have a high price tag, a significant risk of developing drug resistance, and a variety of systemic toxicities. To work around these limitations, researchers are continuously looking for brand-new medications and other forms of therapy. To avoid toxicity with systemic medication use, high cure rates have been observed using local therapy techniques such as cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and thermotherapy, in addition to some forms of traditional therapies, including leech and cauterization therapies. These CL therapeutic strategies are emphasized and assessed in this review to help with the process of locating the appropriate species-specific medicines with fewer side effects, lower costs, and elevated cure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Orabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Lahiq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Shaymaa Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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Evaluation of the Photodynamic Therapy with Curcumin on L. braziliensis and L. major Amastigotes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060634. [PMID: 34070670 PMCID: PMC8227371 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease prevalent in tropical countries with the ability to cause skin lesions. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a specific and topical option for the treatment of these lesions. This study evaluated the response of macrophages infected with L. braziliensis and L. major to PDT with curcumin. Curcumin concentrations were evaluated in serial dilutions from 500.0 to 7.8 µg/mL using LED (λ = 450 ± 5 nm), with a light dose of 10 J/cm2. The Trypan blue viability test, ultrastructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mitochondrial polarity by Rhodamine 123 (Rho 123), curcumin internalization by confocal microscopy, and counting of the recovered parasites after the PDT treatment were performed. The lowest concentrations of curcumin (15.6 and 7.8 µg/mL) presented photodynamic inactivation. Cell destruction and internalization of curcumin in both macrophages and intracellular parasites were observed in microscopy techniques. In addition, an increase in mitochondrial membrane polarity and a decrease in the number of parasites recovered was observed in the PDT groups. This study indicates that PDT with curcumin has the potential to inactivate infected macrophages and might act as a basis for future in vivo studies using the parameters herein discussed.
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Successful treatment with photodynamic therapy in a patient with nasal mucocutaneous leishmaniasis undergoing treatment with TNFα inhibitor. Eur J Dermatol 2020; 30:750-751. [PMID: 33331279 PMCID: PMC7880660 DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2020.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lima NMA, Bezerra TT, Almeida MO, Rodrigues NLDC, Braga CHC, Miranda JIS, Ribeiro VGP, Guimarães GDF, Teixeira MJ, Lomonaco D, Mele G, Mazzetto SE. Photodynamic effect of palladium porphyrin derived from cashew nut shell liquid against promastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102083. [PMID: 33160063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD), endemic mainly in low-income countries that lack adequate basic health care. The emergence of resistant parasites to pentavalent antimonials has led to the search for new treatments for CL. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive and less toxic alternative for the treatment of CL. The present work describes the synthesis, characterization and photodynamic effect against CL of a new metalloporphyrin Pd (II) meso-tetra[4-(2-(3-n-pentadecylphenoxy)ethoxy]phenylporphyrin (PdP) derived from the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). The PdP complex presented a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.49, favoring a type II photochemical reaction. The results of the photodynamic experiment carried out with PdP on the promastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis indicated a mortality percentage of 70 % of the cells when compared to the control after exposure to blue light (λ = 420 nm). Besides this, the metalloporphyrin PdP did not show considerable toxicity to macrophages, indicating the cell viability of the compound. Therefore, this metalloporphyrin derived from biomass represents an interesting alternative as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of CL through PDT, especially for patients with intolerance to the chemotherapeutic drugs currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayane Maria Amorim Lima
- Laboratory of Products and Process Technology (LPT), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici 60455-900, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Thayllan Teixeira Bezerra
- Laboratory of Products and Process Technology (LPT), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici 60455-900, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Mayara Oliveira Almeida
- Laboratory of Products and Process Technology (LPT), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici 60455-900, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Naya Lúcia de Castro Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Porangabuçu, 60430-350, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Viviane Gomes Pereira Ribeiro
- Institute of Exact Sciences and Nature (ICEN), University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), 62790-000 Redencao, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Jânia Teixeira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Porangabuçu, 60430-350, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Diego Lomonaco
- Laboratory of Products and Process Technology (LPT), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici 60455-900, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Mele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Selma Elaine Mazzetto
- Laboratory of Products and Process Technology (LPT), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici 60455-900, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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Goldin H, Kohen S, Taxy J, Libman M, Cibull T, Billick K. Leishmania tropica infection of the ear treated with photodynamic therapy. JAAD Case Rep 2020; 6:514-517. [PMID: 32490113 PMCID: PMC7256222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Goldin
- Goldin Skin Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Skokie, Illinois
| | - Scott Kohen
- Aureus University School of Medicine, Aureus, Aruba
| | - Jerome Taxy
- Department of Pathology, Northshore Universtity Hospital, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Michael Libman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thomas Cibull
- Department of Pathology, Northshore Universtity Hospital, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Kendall Billick
- Department of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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