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Malone K, Shearer JA, Williams JM, Moore AC, Moore T, Waeber C. Recombinant pregnancy-specific glycoprotein-1-Fc reduces functional deficit in a mouse model of permanent brain ischaemia. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 25:100497. [PMID: 36120102 PMCID: PMC9475273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The well-characterised role of the immune system in acute ischaemic stroke has prompted the search for immunomodulatory therapies. Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are a group of proteins synthesised by placental trophoblasts which show immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to determine whether a proposed PSG1-based therapeutic enhanced recovery in a mouse model of brain ischaemia and to explore possible immunomodulatory effects. Methods Mice underwent permanent electrocoagulation of the left middle cerebral artery (pMCAO). They received saline (n = 20) or recombinant pregnancy-specific glycoprotein-1-alpha “fused” to the Fc domain of IgG1 (rPSG1-Fc) (100 μg) (n = 22) at 1 h post-ischaemia. At 3 and 5 days post-ischaemia, neurobehavioural recovery was assessed by the grid-walking test. At 5 days post-ischaemia, lesion size was determined by NeuN staining. Peripheral T cell populations were quantified via flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify ICAM-1 expression and FoxP3+ cell infiltration in the ischaemic brain. Immunofluorescence was employed to determine microglial activation status via Iba-1 staining. Results: rPSG1-Fc significantly enhanced performance in the grid-walking test at 3 and 5 days post-ischaemia. No effect on infarct size was observed. A significant increase in circulating CD4+ FoxP3+ cells and brain-infiltrating FoxP3+ cells was noted in rPSG1-Fc-treated mice. Among CD4+ cells, rPSG1-Fc enhanced the expression of IL-10 in spleen, blood, draining lymph nodes, and non-draining lymph nodes, while downregulating IFN-γ and IL-17 in spleen and blood. A similar cytokine expression pattern was observed in CD8+ cells. rPSG1-Fc reduced activated microglia in the infarct core. Conclusion The administration of rPSG1-Fc improved functional recovery in post-ischaemic mice without impacting infarct size. Improved outcome was associated with a modulation of the cytokine-secreting phenotype of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells towards a more regulatory phenotype, as well as reduced activation of microglia. This establishes proof-of-concept of rPSG1-Fc as a potential stroke immunotherapy. rPSG1-Fc enhances functional recovery in a mouse model of permanent brain ischaemia. rPSG1-Fc increases circulating CD4+ FoxP3+ cells and brain-infiltrating FoxP3+ cells. rPSG1-Fc increases the expression of IL-10 among CD4+ cells in spleen, blood, and lymph nodes.
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Zimmermann W, Kammerer R. The immune-modulating pregnancy-specific glycoproteins evolve rapidly and their presence correlates with hemochorial placentation in primates. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:128. [PMID: 33602137 PMCID: PMC7893922 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) genes belong to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, within the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. In humans, 10 PSG genes encode closely related secreted glycoproteins. They are exclusively expressed in fetal syncytiotrophoblast cells and represent the most abundant fetal proteins in the maternal blood. In recent years, a role in modulation of the maternal immune system possibly to avoid rejection of the semiallogeneic fetus and to facilitate access of trophoblast cells to maternal resources via the blood system has been suggested. Alternatively, they could serve as soluble pathogen decoy receptors like other members of the CEA family. Despite their clearly different domain organization, similar functional properties have also been observed for murine and bat PSG. As these species share a hemochorial type of placentation and a seemingly convergent formation of PSG genes during evolution, we hypothesized that hemochorial placentae support the evolution of PSG gene families. Results To strengthen this hypothesis, we have analyzed PSG genes in 57 primate species which exhibit hemochorial or epitheliochorial placentation. In nearly all analyzed apes some 10 PSG genes each could be retrieved from genomic databases, while 6 to 24 PSG genes were found in Old World monkey genomes. Surprisingly, only 1 to 7 PSG genes could be identified in New World monkeys. Interestingly, no PSG genes were found in more distantly related primates with epitheliochorial placentae like lemurs and lorises. The exons encoding the putative receptor-binding domains exhibit strong selection for diversification in most primate PSG as revealed by rapid loss of orthologous relationship during evolution and high ratios of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations. Conclusion The distribution of trophoblast-specific PSGs in primates and their pattern of selection supports the hypothesis that PSG are still evolving to optimize fetal-maternal or putative pathogen interactions in mammals with intimate contact of fetal cells with the immune system of the mother like in hemochorial placentation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07413-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - Robert Kammerer
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
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Arabfard M, Ohadi M, Rezaei Tabar V, Delbari A, Kavousi K. Genome-wide prediction and prioritization of human aging genes by data fusion: a machine learning approach. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:832. [PMID: 31706268 PMCID: PMC6842548 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Machine learning can effectively nominate novel genes for various research purposes in the laboratory. On a genome-wide scale, we implemented multiple databases and algorithms to predict and prioritize the human aging genes (PPHAGE). Results We fused data from 11 databases, and used Naïve Bayes classifier and positive unlabeled learning (PUL) methods, NB, Spy, and Rocchio-SVM, to rank human genes in respect with their implication in aging. The PUL methods enabled us to identify a list of negative (non-aging) genes to use alongside the seed (known age-related) genes in the ranking process. Comparison of the PUL algorithms revealed that none of the methods for identifying a negative sample were advantageous over other methods, and their simultaneous use in a form of fusion was critical for obtaining optimal results (PPHAGE is publicly available at https://cbb.ut.ac.ir/pphage). Conclusion We predict and prioritize over 3,000 candidate age-related genes in human, based on significant ranking scores. The identified candidate genes are associated with pathways, ontologies, and diseases that are linked to aging, such as cancer and diabetes. Our data offer a platform for future experimental research on the genetic and biological aspects of aging. Additionally, we demonstrate that fusion of PUL methods and data sources can be successfully used for aging and disease candidate gene prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Arabfard
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus University of Tehran, Kish, Iran.,Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Ohadi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Rezaei Tabar
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences and Computer, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Delbari
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Jones K, Bryant S, Luo J, Kiesler P, Koontz S, Warren J, Malech H, Kang E, Dveksler G. Recombinant Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein 1 Has a Protective Role in a Murine Model of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 25:193-203. [PMID: 30253241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is an immune-mediated reaction that can occur after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in which donor T cells recognize the host antigens as foreign, destroying host tissues. Establishment of a tolerogenic immune environment while preserving the immune response to infectious agents is required for successful bone marrow transplantation. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 (PSG1), which is secreted by the human placenta into the maternal circulation throughout pregnancy, likely plays a role in maintaining immunotolerance to prevent rejection of the fetus by the maternal immune system. We have previously shown that PSG1 activates the latent form of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β), a cytokine essential for the differentiation of tolerance-inducing CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Consistent with this observation, treatment of naïve murine T cells with PSG1 resulted in a significant increase in FoxP3+ cells that was blocked by a TGF-β receptor I inhibitor. We also show here that PSG1 can increase the availability of active TGF-β in vivo. As the role of CD4+FoxP3+ cells in the prevention of aGVHD is well established, we tested whether PSG1 has beneficial effects in a murine aGHVD transplantation model. PSG1-treated mice had reduced numbers of tissue-infiltrating inflammatory CD3+ T cells and had increased expression of FoxP3 in T cells compared with vehicle-treated mice. In addition, administration of PSG1 significantly inhibited aGVHD-associated weight loss and mortality. On the other hand, administration of PSG1 was less effective in managing aGVHD in the presence of an alloimmune reaction against a malignancy in a graft-versus-leukemia experimental model. Combined, this data strongly suggests that PSG1 could be a promising treatment option for patients with aGVHD following bone marrow transplantation for a nonmalignant condition, such as an autoimmune disorder or a genetic immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlie Jones
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah Bryant
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jian Luo
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Patricia Kiesler
- Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sherry Koontz
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James Warren
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harry Malech
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Kang
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Jones K, Ballesteros A, Mentink-Kane M, Warren J, Rattila S, Malech H, Kang E, Dveksler G. PSG9 Stimulates Increase in FoxP3+ Regulatory T-Cells through the TGF-β1 Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158050. [PMID: 27389696 PMCID: PMC4936685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are a family of proteins secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta and are the most abundant trophoblastic proteins in maternal blood during the third trimester. The human PSG family consists of 10 protein-coding genes, some of which have a possible role in maintaining maternal immune tolerance to the fetus. PSG9 was reported as a potential predictive biomarker of pre-eclampsia, a serious complication of pregnancy that has been related to immunological dysfunction at the fetal-maternal interface. Therefore, we hypothesized that PSG9 may have an immunoregulatory role during pregnancy. We found that PSG9 binds to LAP and activates the latent form of TGF-β1. In addition, PSG9 induces the secretion of TGF-β1 from macrophages but not from CD4+ T-cells. TGF-β1 is required for the ex vivo differentiation of regulatory T-cells and, consistent with the ability of PSG9 to activate this cytokine, we observed that PSG9 induces the differentiation of FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells from naïve murine and human T-cells. Cytokines that are associated with inflammatory responses were also reduced in the supernatants of T-cells treated with PSG9, suggesting that PSG9, through its activation of TGFβ-1, could be a potent inducer of immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlie Jones
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - James Warren
- Department of Pathology, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
| | - Shemona Rattila
- Department of Pathology, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
| | - Harry Malech
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Kang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Aleksic D, Blaschke L, Mißbach S, Hänske J, Weiß W, Handler J, Zimmermann W, Cabrera-Sharp V, Read JE, de Mestre AM, O'Riordan R, Moore T, Kammerer R. Convergent evolution of pregnancy-specific glycoproteins in human and horse. Reproduction 2016; 152:171-84. [PMID: 27280409 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are members of the carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family that are secreted by trophoblast cells. PSGs may modulate immune, angiogenic and platelet responses during pregnancy. Until now, PSGs are only found in species that have a highly invasive (hemochorial) placentation including humans, mice and rats. Surprisingly, analyzing the CEACAM gene family of the horse, which has a non-invasive epitheliochorial placenta, with the exception of the transient endometrial cups, we identified equine CEACAM family members that seem to be related to PSGs of rodents and primates. We identified seven genes that encode secreted PSG-like CEACAMs Phylogenetic analyses indicate that they evolved independently from an equine CEACAM1-like ancestor rather than from a common PSG-like ancestor with rodents and primates. Significantly, expression of PSG-like genes (CEACAM44, CEACAM48, CEACAM49 and CEACAM55) was found in non-invasive as well as invasive trophoblast cells such as purified chorionic girdle cells and endometrial cup cells. Chorionic girdle cells are highly invasive trophoblast cells that invade the endometrium of the mare where they form endometrial cups and are in close contact with maternal immune cells. Therefore, the microenvironment of invasive equine trophoblast cells has striking similarities to the microenvironment of trophoblast cells in hemochorial placentas, suggesting that equine PSG-like CEACAMs and rodent and primate PSGs have undergone convergent evolution. This is supported by our finding that equine PSG-like CEACAM49 exhibits similar activity to certain rodent and human PSGs in a functional assay of platelet-fibrinogen binding. Our results have implications for understanding the evolution of PSGs and their functions in maternal-fetal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Aleksic
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lisa Blaschke
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sophie Mißbach
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jana Hänske
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Wiebke Weiß
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Johannes Handler
- Equine Center Bad SaarowFreie Universität Berlin, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Tumor Immunology LaboratoryLudwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Victoria Cabrera-Sharp
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jordan E Read
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Amanda M de Mestre
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ronan O'Riordan
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robert Kammerer
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Roman II, Constantin AM, Marina ME, Orasan RI. The role of hormones in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 89:11-8. [PMID: 27004020 PMCID: PMC4777452 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic, common skin disease, which affects the patient’s quality of life to the highest degree. Several exogenous factors and endogenous hormonal changes may act as triggers for psoriasis. The skin possesses a true endocrine system, which is very important in multiple systemic diseases. A number of conditions are associated with psoriasis, and its severity can also be influenced by hormones. Even though the sex hormones and prolactin have a major role in psoriasis pathogenicity, there are a lot of other hormones which can influence the psoriasis clinical manifestations: glucocorticoids, epinephrine, thyroid hormones, and insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Ioana Roman
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anne-Marie Constantin
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Elena Marina
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Remus Ioan Orasan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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