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Passos LG, Terraciano P, Wolf N, Oliveira FDSD, Almeida ID, Passos EP. The Correlation between Chlamydia Trachomatis and Female Infertility: A Systematic Review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA : REVISTA DA FEDERACAO BRASILEIRA DAS SOCIEDADES DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA 2022; 44:614-620. [PMID: 35576969 PMCID: PMC9948125 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The impact of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection on female's fertility is not completely established yet, since the level of evidence associating these factors is still weak. Hence, the goal of the present review is to contribute to a better elucidation of this matter. The electronic database chosen was the Medline/PubMed, with the last survey on May 11, 2021. Publication date was used as a filter, with the previous 5 years having been selected. The following describers were used: chlamydia trachomatis AND infertility; chlamydia trachomatis AND tubal alteration AND infertility; chlamydia AND low pregnancy rates. From the 322 studies screened, 293 that failed to meet our eligibility criteria were excluded. Subsequently, we removed seven studies for not having the possible correlation between CT infections and female infertility as its main focus, and three for being about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in general. Moreover, two studies designed as reviews were also excluded. Ergo, we included 17 studies in our qualitative analysis. The authors conducted research individually and analyzed carefully the studies selected. As we retrieved the information needed for our study through reading the texts, no contact was made with the authors of the studies selected. This systematic review corroborates the hypothesis that CT infection potentiates female infertility, as 76.47% of the included studies found a positive correlation between them. We conclude that there is an important association between CT infection and female infertility. Ergo, making CT screening part of the infertility investigation routine is relevant and has a reasonable justification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gazal Passos
- Medicine school of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Terraciano
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medicine school of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nicole Wolf
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medicine school of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dos Santos de Oliveira
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medicine school of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabel de Almeida
- Fertility Center, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medicine school of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Fertility Center, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Study on the Mechanism of Shenjing Guben Prescription Regulating PI3K and NRF2 Signaling Pathway in the Treatment of Immune Infertility. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8754188. [PMID: 35600964 PMCID: PMC9122677 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8754188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the mechanism of Shenjing Guben prescription (SP) in the treatment of immune infertility by regulating PI3K-NRF2/p38 signal pathway. Methods 60 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (NC group), ACN group, low concentration AP intervention group (low group), middle concentration SP intervention group (middle group), and high concentration SP intervention group (high group). 12 rats in each group were administered by gavage once a day, 6 days/w, and the rats were killed after 28 days. Bilateral testis and epididymis were removed and weighed and organ coefficients were calculated, and testicular histopathological sections were prepared to evaluate the changes of testicular tissue structure. The relative expression levels of PI3K, MKK7, JNK, p38 mRNA, and protein in testis were measured by QRT-PCR and western blot. Results (1) Compared with the control group, the proportion of grade A and B sperms in ACN group increased significantly, and the proportion of grade D sperm decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After SP intervention, compared with ACN group, there was no significant difference in the proportion of sperm at all levels in low, medium, and high SP intervention groups (P > 0.05). (2) Compared with the control group, the sperm VCL, VSL, VAP, and mad in ACN group increased significantly, and the BCF decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After SP intervention, compared with ACN group, there was no significant difference in sperm motility parameters among low, medium, and high SP intervention groups (P > 0.05). (3) Compared with the control group, the activities of AKP and SDH in testicular tissue of rats in ACN group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After SP intervention, compared with ACN group, AKP activity increased significantly and LDH activity decreased significantly in low, medium, and high SP intervention groups (P < 0.05). (4) Compared with the control group, the expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, MKK7, p-MKK7, JNK, p-JNK, p38, and p-p38 proteins and the ratios of p-JNK/JNK and p-p38/p38 increased in the testis of ACN group (P < 0.05). After SP intervention, compared with ACN group, the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, MKK7, p-MKK7, JNK, p-JNK, p38, and p-p38 in testicular tissue of SP intervention group decreased, and the ratio of p-JNK/JNK and p-p38/p38 decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion SP can reduce the oxidative stress of testis induced by ACN and inhibit the activation of PI3K-NRF2/p38 signal pathway.
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Zhou H, Wu S, Tang X, Zhou G, Yuan J, Li Q, Chen Y, Xu X, Sun X, Zhu D, Luo Y. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the genital tract is associated with inflammation and hypospermia in the infertile male of China. Asian J Androl 2021; 24:56-61. [PMID: 34145079 PMCID: PMC8788609 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_54_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial disease worldwide. However, unlike that in female infertility, the role of CT infection in male infertility remains controversial. The objective of this retrospective study was to explore the impacts of CT infection in the genital tract on sperm quality, sperm acrosin activity, antisperm antibody levels, and inflammation in a large cohort of infertile males in China. A total of 7154 semen samples were collected from infertile male subjects, 416 of whom were CT positive (CT+ group) and 6738 of whom were CT negative (CT− group), in our hospital between January 2016 and December 2018. Routine semen parameters (semen volume, pH, sperm concentration, viability, motility, morphology, etc.), granulocyte elastase levels, antisperm antibody levels, and sperm acrosin activity were compared between the CT+ and CT− groups. Our results showed that CT infection was significantly correlated with an abnormally low semen volume, as well as an increased white blood cell count and granulocyte elastase level (all P < 0.05) in the semen of infertile males; other routine semen parameters were not negatively impacted. The antisperm antibody level and sperm acrosin activity were not affected by CT infection. These findings suggested that CT infection might contribute to inflammation and hypospermia but does not impair sperm viability, motility morphology, and acrosin activity or generate antisperm antibodies in the infertile males of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Shunhong Wu
- Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Xiaohua Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Jingru Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yaoyong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Detu Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yumei Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
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Chua SJ, Danhof NA, Mochtar MH, van Wely M, McLernon DJ, Custers I, Lee E, Dreyer K, Cahill DJ, Gillett WR, Righarts A, Strandell A, Rantsi T, Schmidt L, Eijkemans MJC, Mol BWJ, van Eekelen R. Age-related natural fertility outcomes in women over 35 years: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Hum Reprod 2020; 35:1808-1820. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION
What is the rate of natural conception leading to ongoing pregnancy or livebirth over 6–12 months for infertile women of age ≥35 years?
SUMMARY ANSWER
Natural conception rates were still clinically relevant in women aged 35 years and above and were significantly higher in women with unexplained infertility compared to those with other diagnoses.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
In recent years, increasing numbers of women have attempted to conceive at a later age, resulting in a commensurate increase in the need for ART. However, there is a lack of data on natural fertility outcomes (i.e. no interventions) in women with increasing age.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
A systematic review with individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis was carried out. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov were searched until 1 July 2018 including search terms ‘fertility service’, ‘waiting list’, ‘treatment-independent’ and ‘spontaneous conception’. Language restrictions were not imposed.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Inclusion criteria were studies (at least partly) reporting on infertile couples with female partner of age ≥35 years who attended fertility services, underwent fertility workup (e.g. history, semen analysis, tubal status and ovulation status) and were exposed to natural conception (e.g. independent of treatment such as IVF, ovulation induction and tubal surgery). Studies that exclusively studied only one infertility diagnosis, without including other women presenting to infertility services for other causes of infertility, were excluded. For studies that met the inclusion criteria, study authors were contacted to provide IPD, after which fertility outcomes for women of age ≥35 years were retrieved. Time to pregnancy or livebirth and the effect of increasing age on fertility outcomes after adjustment for other prognostic factors were analysed. Quality of studies was graded with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (non-randomised controlled trials (RCTs)) or the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (for RCTs).
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
We included nine studies (seven cohort studies and two RCTs) (n = 4379 women of at least age 35 years), with the observed composite primary outcome of ongoing pregnancy or livebirth occurring in 429 women (9.8%) over a median follow-up of 5 months (25th to 75th percentile: 2.5–8.5 months). Studies were of moderate to high quality. The probability of natural conception significantly decreased with any diagnosis of infertility, when compared with unexplained infertility. We found non-linear effects of female age and duration of infertility on ongoing pregnancy and tabulated the predicted probabilities for unexplained infertile women aged 35–42 years with either primary or secondary infertility and with a duration of infertility from 1 to 6 years. For a 35-year-old woman with 2 years of primary unexplained infertility, the predicted probability of natural conception leading to ongoing pregnancy or livebirth was 0.15 (95% CI 0.11–0.19) after 6 months and 0.24 (95% CI 0.17–0.30) after 12 months. For a 42-year-old woman, this decreased to 0.08 (95% CI 0.04–0.11) after 6 months and 0.13 (95% CI 0.07–0.18) after 12 months.
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
In the studies selected, there were different study designs, recruitment strategies in different centres, protocols and countries and different methods of assessment of infertility. Data were limited for women above the age of 40 years.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Women attending fertility services should be encouraged to pursue natural conception while waiting for treatment to commence and after treatment if it is unsuccessful. Our results may aid in counselling women, and, in particular, for those with unexplained infertility.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
S.J.C. received funding from the University of Adelaide Summer Research Scholarship. B.W.M. is supported by a NHMRC Investigator grant (GNT1176437), B.W.M. reports consultancy for ObsEva, Merck, Merck KGaA, iGenomix and Guerbet. B.W.M. reports research support by Merck and Guerbet.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42018096552.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Chua
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - N A Danhof
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M H Mochtar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van Wely
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J McLernon
- Medical Statistics Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - I Custers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Lee
- Western Ultrasound for Women, West Leederville, Western Australia 6007, Australia
| | - K Dreyer
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Cahill
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Bristol, St Michael’s Hospital, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - W R Gillett
- Women’s and Children’s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, The University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - A Righarts
- Women’s and Children’s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, The University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - A Strandell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - T Rantsi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Schmidt
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - M J C Eijkemans
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Support, Julius Centre, University Medical Centre, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B W J Mol
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health and Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - R van Eekelen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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