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Chandras A, Mendu DR, Kirchhoff DC. Effect of Extraction Procedure Substitution on Automated Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, and Cyclosporine Assays. J Appl Lab Med 2024; 9:573-578. [PMID: 38300648 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An erroneously high tacrolimus level was reported to a clinician. A root cause analysis investigation failed to determine the cause of the error. It was suspected that the incorrect preanalytical extraction reagent and procedure was used during testing; however, how this would affect the assayed drug concentration was unclear. Here we investigated the effect of the substitution of sirolimus, tacrolimus, and cyclosporine extraction reagents on assayed drug concentration. METHODS Tacrolimus, sirolimus, and cyclosporine concentration were measured on the Abbott Architect i2000 analyzer. Each assay requires a preanalytical extraction step, with a distinct reagent. We investigated the effect of the substitution of the extraction reagents and procedure between the 3 assays on the measured drug concentration. Two experiments were performed, one on samples of known drug concentration and one on samples with no drug present. RESULTS Substituting cyclosporine and sirolimus extraction procedures increased assayed tacrolimus concentrations from 5.6 to 8.47 (+51.25%) and 8.13 (+45.18%) ng/mL, respectively. Extraction procedure substitutions decreased assayed sirolimus from 13.63 to 4.60 (-66.25%) and 8.07 (-40.79%) ng/mL for cyclosporine and tacrolimus. Cyclosporine concentration increased from 274.60 to 391.30 (+42.50%) ng/mL using sirolimus extraction reagents and to 757.30 (+175.78%) ng/mL using tacrolimus extraction reagents. Cross-reactivity was observed between the tacrolimus assay and sirolimus and cyclosporine extraction reagents. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes, both positive and negative, are observed in assayed drug concentration when incorrect extraction procedures are used in the Abbott i2000 tacrolimus, sirolimus, and cyclosporine assays. Preanalytic extraction procedures should be investigated when performing root cause analysis for erroneous therapeutic drug values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Chandras
- Department of Pathology, Molecular & Cell Based Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Damodara R Mendu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular & Cell Based Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel C Kirchhoff
- Department of Pathology, Molecular & Cell Based Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
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2
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Macech M, Grochowiecki T, Durlik M, Pączek L, Nazarewski S. Impact of Pretransplant C-Reactive Protein, Neutrophiles, Platelets, and Albumin Levels on Recipient Survival After Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2024; 56:806-812. [PMID: 38729832 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-lasting diabetes mellitus type 1 and end-stage renal disease induce severe metabolic and immunologic deterioration. Pretransplant C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin (ALB) levels impact kidney transplantation. We evaluated the effects of preoperative CRP, ALB, neutrophils (NEU), and platelet (PLT) counts on 1- and 5-year recipient survival after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK). METHODS Among 103 SPK recipients, the parameters were as follows: CRP (mean: 4.5 ± 4.97 mg/L); NEU (mean: 5.12 ± 2.13 × 103/mm3); PLT (mean: 244 ± 84 × 103/mm3); ALB (mean 4.5 ± 0.75 g/dL) were obtained before transplantation. Cox regression, uni-, multivariate analysis for 1- and 5-year survivals were performed with 95% CIs, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was assessed. RESULTS In Cox regression, ALB <3.65 g/dL significantly affected 1- and 5-year survivors with hazard ratios of 8 (95% CI, 1.5-38.28; P < .05) and 3.13 (95% CI, 1.45-6.73; P < .05), respectively. In univariate analysis, we found significantly decreased 1-year survival when PLT <180×103/mm3, ALB <3.65 g/dL, NEU >5.8×103/mm3 and CRP >2.25 mg/L with odds ratios (OR) of 6.75 (95% CI, 2.12-21.15); 4.05 (95% CI, 1.3-12.09); 2.97 (95% CI, 1.02-8.64) and 5.51 (95% CI, 1.67-18.19), respectively. Independent factors for 5-year survival were CRP, ALB, and PLT with OR of 4.72 (95% CI, 1.67-13.29), 3.31 (95% CI, 1.18-9.25), and 4.2 (95% CI, 1.39-12.68), respectively. In multivariate analysis, we built 2 models for 1-year survival. Model 1 (ALB+PLT) with ORs of 3.12 (95% CI, 0.97-10.07) and 5.55 (95% CI, 1.67-18.4); and model 2 (CRP+PLT) with ORs of 5.51 (95% CI, 1.5-17.3) and 4.3 (95% CI, 1.2-15.06), respectively. The AUC for models 1 and 2 were 0.74 and 0.759, respectively. CONCLUSIONS NEU, PLT, ALB, and CRP levels assessed before transplantation are independent factors for 1- and 5-year SPK recipient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Macech
- Department of General, Vascular, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Grochowiecki
- Department of General, Vascular, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Durlik
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Pączek
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Nazarewski
- Department of General, Vascular, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Masset C, Garandeau C, Ville S, Giral M, Houzet A, Branchereau J, Chelghaf I, Mesnard B, Blancho G, Dantal J, Cantarovich D. Belatacept in Pancreas Transplantation: Promising Insights From a Cohort Series. Transpl Int 2024; 37:12778. [PMID: 38689693 PMCID: PMC11058835 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Masset
- Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Nantes, France
| | - Claire Garandeau
- Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Simon Ville
- Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Nantes, France
| | - Magali Giral
- Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Houzet
- Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Julien Branchereau
- Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Nantes, France
| | - Ismaël Chelghaf
- Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Benoit Mesnard
- Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Dantal
- Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Nantes, France
| | - Diego Cantarovich
- Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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4
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Chetboun M, Masset C, Maanaoui M, Defrance F, Gmyr V, Raverdy V, Hubert T, Bonner C, Supiot L, Kerleau C, Blancho G, Branchereau J, Karam G, Chelghaf I, Houzet A, Giral M, Garandeau C, Dantal J, Le Mapihan K, Jannin A, Hazzan M, Caiazzo R, Kerr-Conte J, Vantyghem MC, Cantarovich D, Pattou F. Primary Graft Function and 5 Year Insulin Independence After Pancreas and Islet Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes: A Retrospective Parallel Cohort Study. Transpl Int 2023; 36:11950. [PMID: 38213551 PMCID: PMC10783428 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In islet transplantation (ITx), primary graft function (PGF) or beta cell function measured early after last infusion is closely associated with long term clinical outcomes. We investigated the association between PGF and 5 year insulin independence rate in ITx and pancreas transplantation (PTx) recipients. This retrospective multicenter study included type 1 diabetes patients who underwent ITx in Lille and PTx in Nantes from 2000 to 2022. PGF was assessed using the validated Beta2-score and compared to normoglycemic control subjects. Subsequently, the 5 year insulin independence rates, as predicted by a validated PGF-based model, were compared to the actual rates observed in ITx and PTx patients. The study enrolled 39 ITx (23 ITA, 16 IAK), 209 PTx recipients (23 PTA, 14 PAK, 172 SPK), and 56 normoglycemic controls. Mean[SD] PGF was lower after ITx (ITA 22.3[5.2], IAK 24.8[6.4], than after PTx (PTA 38.9[15.3], PAK 36.8[9.0], SPK 38.7[10.5]), and lower than mean beta-cell function measured in normoglycemic control: 36.6[4.3]. The insulin independence rates observed at 5 years after PTA and PAK aligned with PGF predictions, and was higher after SPK. Our results indicate a similar relation between PGF and 5 year insulin independence in ITx and solitary PTx, shedding new light on long-term transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Chetboun
- Univ Lille, U1190 - EGID, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1190, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of General, Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Masset
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Inserm, UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - Mehdi Maanaoui
- Univ Lille, U1190 - EGID, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1190, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Nephrology, Lille, France
| | - Frédérique Defrance
- CHU Lille, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille, France
| | - Valéry Gmyr
- Univ Lille, U1190 - EGID, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1190, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- Univ Lille, U1190 - EGID, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1190, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of General, Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Hubert
- Univ Lille, U1190 - EGID, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1190, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Caroline Bonner
- Univ Lille, U1190 - EGID, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1190, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lisa Supiot
- Nantes Université, Inserm, UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - Clarisse Kerleau
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Inserm, UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - Julien Branchereau
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Inserm, UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - Georges Karam
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Inserm, UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - Ismaël Chelghaf
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Houzet
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Giral
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Inserm, UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Garandeau
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Dantal
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Inserm, UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - Kristell Le Mapihan
- CHU Lille, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Jannin
- CHU Lille, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille, France
| | - Marc Hazzan
- CHU Lille, Department of Nephrology, Lille, France
| | - Robert Caiazzo
- Univ Lille, U1190 - EGID, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1190, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of General, Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Univ Lille, U1190 - EGID, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1190, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Univ Lille, U1190 - EGID, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1190, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille, France
| | - Diego Cantarovich
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - François Pattou
- Univ Lille, U1190 - EGID, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1190, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of General, Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Lille, France
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5
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Nagendra L, Fernandez CJ, Pappachan JM. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation for end-stage renal failure in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Current perspectives. World J Transplant 2023; 13:208-220. [PMID: 37746036 PMCID: PMC10514751 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v13.i5.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the important causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal failure (ESRF). Even with the best available treatment options, management of T1DM poses significant challenges for cli nicians across the world, especially when associated with CKD and ESRF. Substantial increases in morbidity and mortality along with marked rise in treatment costs and marked reduction of quality of life are the usual consequences of onset of CKD and progression to ESRF in patients with T1DM. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPK) is an attractive and promising treatment option for patients with advanced CKD/ESRF and T1DM for potential cure of these diseases and possibly several complications. However, limited availability of the organs for transplantation, the need for long-term immunosuppression to prevent rejection, peri- and post-operative complications of SPK, lack of resources and the expertise for the procedure in many centers, and the cost implications related to the surgery and postoperative care of these patients are major issues faced by clinicians across the globe. This clinical update review compiles the latest evidence and current recommendations of SPK for patients with T1DM and advanced CKD/ESRF to enable clinicians to care for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Nagendra
- Department of Endocrinology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570015, India
| | - Cornelius James Fernandez
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston PE21 9QS, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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6
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Vidigal AC, de Lucena DD, Beyerstedt S, Rangel ÉB. A comprehensive update of the metabolic and toxicological considerations for immunosuppressive drugs used during pancreas transplantation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:405-427. [PMID: 37542452 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2243808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant advancements in immunosuppressive regimens and surgical techniques, the prevalence of adverse events related to immunosuppression remains a major challenge affecting the long-term survival rates of pancreas and kidney allografts. AREAS COVERED This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature and knowledge (Jan/2012-Feb/2023) concerning glucose metabolism disorders and nephrotoxicity associated with tacrolimus and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi). Novel signaling pathways potentially implicated in these adverse events are discussed. Furthermore, we extensively examine the findings from clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus, mTORi, and steroid minimization. EXPERT OPINION Tacrolimus-based regimens continue to be the standard treatment following pancreas transplants. However, prolonged use of tacrolimus and mTORi may lead to hyperglycemia and nephrotoxicity. Understanding and interpreting experimental data, particularly concerning novel signaling pathways beyond calcineurin-NFAT and mTOR pathways, can offer valuable insights for therapeutic interventions to mitigate hyperglycemia and nephrotoxicity. Additionally, critically analyzing clinical trial results can identify opportunities for personalized safety-based approaches to minimize side effects. It is imperative to conduct randomized-controlled studies to assess the impact of mTORi use and steroid-free protocols on pancreatic allograft survival. Such studies will aid in tailoring treatment strategies for improved transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Vidigal
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora D de Lucena
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephany Beyerstedt
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érika B Rangel
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Nelson J, Alvey N, Bowman L, Schulte J, Segovia M, McDermott J, Te HS, Kapila N, Levine DJ, Gottlieb RL, Oberholzer J, Campara M. Consensus recommendations for use of maintenance immunosuppression in solid organ transplantation: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, American Society of Transplantation, and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 42:599-633. [DOI: 10.1002/phar.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Nelson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmacy Services University Health San Antonio Texas USA
- Pharmacotherapy Education and Research Center University of Texas Health San Antonio San Antonio Texas USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy Division, College of Pharmacy The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Nicole Alvey
- Department of Pharmacy Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA
- Science and Pharmacy Roosevelt University College of Health Schaumburg Illinois USA
| | - Lyndsey Bowman
- Department of Pharmacy Tampa General Hospital Tampa Florida USA
| | - Jamie Schulte
- Department of Pharmacy Services Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Jennifer McDermott
- Richard DeVos Heart and Lung Transplant Program, Spectrum Health Grand Rapids Michigan USA
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine Grand Rapids Michigan USA
| | - Helen S. Te
- Liver Transplantation, Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Nikhil Kapila
- Department of Transplant Hepatology Duke University Hospital Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Deborah Jo Levine
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio Texas USA
| | - Robert L. Gottlieb
- Baylor University Medical Center and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Dallas Texas USA
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Department of Surgery/Division of Transplantation University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Maya Campara
- Department of Surgery University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
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8
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Boggi U, Vistoli F, Andres A, Arbogast HP, Badet L, Baronti W, Bartlett ST, Benedetti E, Branchereau J, Burke GW, Buron F, Caldara R, Cardillo M, Casanova D, Cipriani F, Cooper M, Cupisti A, Davide J, Drachenberg C, de Koning EJP, Ettorre GM, Fernandez Cruz L, Fridell JA, Friend PJ, Furian L, Gaber OA, Gruessner AC, Gruessner RW, Gunton JE, Han D, Iacopi S, Kauffmann EF, Kaufman D, Kenmochi T, Khambalia HA, Lai Q, Langer RM, Maffi P, Marselli L, Menichetti F, Miccoli M, Mittal S, Morelon E, Napoli N, Neri F, Oberholzer J, Odorico JS, Öllinger R, Oniscu G, Orlando G, Ortenzi M, Perosa M, Perrone VG, Pleass H, Redfield RR, Ricci C, Rigotti P, Paul Robertson R, Ross LF, Rossi M, Saudek F, Scalea JR, Schenker P, Secchi A, Socci C, Sousa Silva D, Squifflet JP, Stock PG, Stratta RJ, Terrenzio C, Uva P, Watson CJ, White SA, Marchetti P, Kandaswamy R, Berney T. First World Consensus Conference on pancreas transplantation: Part II - recommendations. Am J Transplant 2021; 21 Suppl 3:17-59. [PMID: 34245223 PMCID: PMC8518376 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The First World Consensus Conference on Pancreas Transplantation provided 49 jury deliberations regarding the impact of pancreas transplantation on the treatment of diabetic patients, and 110 experts' recommendations for the practice of pancreas transplantation. The main message from this consensus conference is that both simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) and pancreas transplantation alone can improve long-term patient survival, and all types of pancreas transplantation dramatically improve the quality of life of recipients. Pancreas transplantation may also improve the course of chronic complications of diabetes, depending on their severity. Therefore, the advantages of pancreas transplantation appear to clearly surpass potential disadvantages. Pancreas after kidney transplantation increases the risk of mortality only in the early period after transplantation, but is associated with improved life expectancy thereafter. Additionally, preemptive SPK, when compared to SPK performed in patients undergoing dialysis, appears to be associated with improved outcomes. Time on dialysis has negative prognostic implications in SPK recipients. Increased long-term survival, improvement in the course of diabetic complications, and amelioration of quality of life justify preferential allocation of kidney grafts to SPK recipients. Audience discussions and live voting are available online at the following URL address: http://mediaeventi.unipi.it/category/1st-world-consensus-conference-of-pancreas-transplantation/246.
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Vistoli F, Kauffmann EF, Boggi U. Pancreas transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2021; 26:381-389. [PMID: 34101665 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To define recent changes and future directions in the practice of pancreas transplantation (PT). Two major events have occurred in the past 18 months: COVID-19 pandemic, and the first world consensus conference on PT. Several innovative studies were published after the consensus conference. RECENT FINDINGS During COVID-19 pandemic PT activity decreased. COVID-19 in transplant recipients increases mortality rates, but data from kidney transplantation show that mortality might be higher in waitlisted patients.The world consensus conference provided 49 jury deliberations on the impact of PT on management of diabetic patients and 110 practice recommendations.Recent evidence demonstrates that PT alone is safe and effective, that results of simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) remain excellent despite older recipient age and higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes, that use of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive donors into HCV-negative recipients is associated with good outcomes, and that use of sirolimus as primary immunosuppressant and costimulation blockade does not improve results of SPK. SUMMARY COVID-19 pandemic and the first world consensus conference on PT were major events. Although COVID-19 pandemic should not reduce PT activity in the future, a major positive impact on both volume and outcomes of PT is awaited from the proceedings of the world consensus conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vistoli
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Sahman M, Mugosa S, Rancic N. Utilization of Mycophenolic Acid, Azathioprine, Tacrolimus, Cyclosporin, Sirolimus, and Everolimus: Multinational Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:671316. [PMID: 33869136 PMCID: PMC8044364 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.671316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Organ transplantations are difficult, complicated and very expensive interventions. In order to preserve the transplanted organs, it is necessary to provide medical care to the patients in terms of immunosuppression. According to the guidelines, the first-line therapy choices for achieving immunosuppression after transplantation are tacrolimus, cyclosporine, mycophenolic acid, azathioprine, sirolimus, everolimus„ and corticosteroids. The aim of our study was to examine the utilization of this drugs in Montenegro and to compare the results with the ones from Finland, Croatia, and Serbia. Methods: In our investigation we used Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) methodology. Prices per DDD of drugs are presented in euros (€). Results: In all observed countries, there is a positive trend in the consumption of all 6 drugs during the analyzed period. The prices per DDD of these drugs generally show a negative trend. Tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in Montenegro recorded the largest reduction in the price per DDD. Price per one DDD of tacrolimus decreased from €13.28 in 2009 to €5.11 in 2019, thus by about 260%, and as regards mycophenolic acid, the price per one DDD decreased from €9.59 in 2009 to € 3.36 in 2019, thus by almost 300%. Conclusion: Despite the reduction in the price per DDD, drugs that are used as immunosuppressants are showing increasing costs from year to year. Since these drugs are expensive, they participate in a significant percentage in the budget for medicines in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majda Sahman
- Department for Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.,Institute for Medicines and Medical Devices of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Snezana Mugosa
- Department for Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.,Institute for Medicines and Medical Devices of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Nemanja Rancic
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
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Kovac D, Choe J, Liu E, Scheffert J, Hedvat J, Anamisis A, Salerno D, Lange N, Jennings DL. Immunosuppression considerations in simultaneous organ transplant. Pharmacotherapy 2021; 41:59-76. [PMID: 33325558 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients in the end stage of heart, lung, kidney, and liver failure. For patients with more than one failing organ, simultaneous organ transplantation has emerged as a viable treatment option. Immunosuppression strategies and outcomes for simultaneous organ transplant recipients have been reported, but often involve limited populations. Transplanting dual organs poses challenges in terms of balancing immunosuppression with immunologic risk and allograft damage from surgical complications. Furthermore, transplanting certain organs can impose considerations on the management of immunosuppression. For example, liver allografts may confer immunologic privilege and lower rates of rejection of other allografts. This review article evaluates immunosuppression strategies for simultaneous kidney-pancreas, liver-kidney, heart-kidney, heart-liver, heart-lung, lung-liver, and lung-kidney transplants. To date, no comprehensive review exists to address immunosuppressive strategies in simultaneous organ transplant populations. Our review summarizes the available literature and provides evidence-based recommendations regarding immunosuppression strategies in simultaneous organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Kovac
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason Choe
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Esther Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenna Scheffert
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Hedvat
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anastasia Anamisis
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Salerno
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Lange
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas L Jennings
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Pharmacy Practice, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, New York, New York, USA
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