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Sehgal ANA, Tauber PA, Stieger RB, Kratzer B, Pickl WF. The T-Cell Growth Factor Interleukin-2, Which Is Occasionally Targeted by Autoantibodies, Qualifies as Drug for the Treatment of Allergy, Autoimmunity, and Cancer: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum (CIA) Update 2024. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 185:286-300. [PMID: 38086339 PMCID: PMC10911178 DOI: 10.1159/000533677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin(IL)-2 was originally characterized as an important T-cellular growth factor but later on, turned out to be a pivotal homeostatic factor for the establishment and maintenance of both natural(n)Treg and peripheral(p)Treg. In this review, it was aimed to connect the peculiar structural and functional aspects of IL-2 to the innovative advancements in tailoring its multifaceted functional behavior for targeting various IL-2 receptor types. The article includes detailed descriptions of modified versions of IL-2, obtained by either mutating or fusing IL-2 to heterologous molecules or by forming IL-2/(monoclonal) antibody complexes (IL-2C), and discusses their functional implications for addressing such heterologous pathological conditions in cancer, autoimmunity, and allergy. Additionally, this review sheds light on the underexplored contribution of autoantibodies to the endogenous regulation of IL-2 within the realms of both health and disease. The ongoing efforts to fine-tune IL-2 responses through antibody-dependent targeting or molecular engineering offer considerable translational potential for the future utility of this important cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Nasar Ahmed Sehgal
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Peter A. Tauber
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Robert B. Stieger
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kratzer
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University, Krems, Austria
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2
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Lozano-Ojalvo D, Tyler SR, Aranda CJ, Wang J, Sicherer S, Sampson HA, Wood RA, Burks AW, Jones SM, Leung DYM, de Lafaille MC, Berin MC. Allergen recognition by specific effector Th2 cells enables IL-2-dependent activation of regulatory T-cell responses in humans. Allergy 2023; 78:697-713. [PMID: 36089900 PMCID: PMC10111618 DOI: 10.1111/all.15512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 allergen-specific T cells are essential for the induction and maintenance of allergies to foods, and Tregs specific for these allergens are assumed to be involved in their resolution. However, it has not been convincingly demonstrated whether allergen-specific Treg responses are responsible for the generation of oral tolerance in humans. We observed that sustained food allergen exposure in the form of oral immunotherapy resulted in increased frequency of Tregs only in individuals with lasting clinical tolerance. We sought to identify regulatory components of the CD4+ T-cell response to food allergens by studying their functional activation over time in vitro and in vivo. Two subsets of Tregs expressing CD137 or CD25/OX40 were identified with a delayed kinetics of activation compared with clonally enriched pathogenic effector Th2 cells. Treg activation was dependent on IL-2 derived from effector T cells. In vivo exposure to peanut in the form of an oral food challenge of allergic subjects induced a delayed and persistent activation of Tregs after initiation of the allergen-specific Th2 response. The novel finding of our work is that a sustained wave of Treg activation is induced by the release of IL-2 from Th2 effector cells, with the implication that therapeutic administration of IL-2 could improve current OIT approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Precision Immunology Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott R Tyler
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos J Aranda
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Precision Immunology Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott Sicherer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Precision Immunology Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert A Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A Wesley Burks
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stacie M Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Maria Curotto de Lafaille
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Precision Immunology Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Precision Immunology Institute, New York, New York, USA
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Tauber PA, Kratzer B, Schatzlmaier P, Smole U, Köhler C, Rausch L, Kranich J, Trapin D, Neunkirchner A, Zabel M, Jutz S, Steinberger P, Gadermaier G, Brocker T, Stockinger H, Derdak S, Pickl WF. The small molecule inhibitor BX-795 uncouples IL-2 production from inhibition of Th2 inflammation and induces CD4 + T cells resembling iTreg. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094694. [PMID: 37090735 PMCID: PMC10117943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treg cells have been shown to be an important part of immune-homeostasis and IL-2 which is produced upon T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent activation of T lymphocytes has been demonstrated to critically participate in Treg development. Objective To evaluate small molecule inhibitors (SMI) for the identification of novel IL-2/Treg enhancing compounds. Materials and methods We used TCR-dependent and allergen-specific cytokine secretion of human and mouse T cells, next generation messenger ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) and two different models of allergic airway inflammation to examine lead SMI-compounds. Results We show here that the reported 3-phosphoinositide dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) SMI BX-795 increased IL-2 in culture supernatants of Jurkat E6-1 T cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) and allergen-specific mouse T cells upon TCR-dependent and allergen-specific stimulation while concomitantly inhibiting Th2 cytokine secretion. RNA-Seq revealed that the presence of BX-795 during allergen-specific activation of T cells induces a bona fide Treg cell type highly similar to iTreg but lacking Foxp3 expression. When applied in mugwort pollen and house dust mite extract-based models of airway inflammation, BX-795 significantly inhibited Th2 inflammation including expression of Th2 signature transcription factors and cytokines and influx into the lungs of type 2-associated inflammatory cells such as eosinophils. Conclusions BX-795 potently uncouples IL-2 production from Th2 inflammation and induces Th-IL-2 cells, which highly resemble induced (i)Tregs. Thus, BX-795 may be a useful new compound for the treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Tauber
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kratzer
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Schatzlmaier
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Smole
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cordula Köhler
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Rausch
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Kranich
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Trapin
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Neunkirchner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maja Zabel
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Jutz
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Brocker
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Derdak
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Healthcare, Krems, Austria
- *Correspondence: Winfried F. Pickl,
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Kanikarla Marie P, Sorokin AV, Bitner LA, Aden R, Lam M, Manyam G, Woods MN, Anderson A, Capasso A, Fowlkes N, Overman MJ, Menter DG, Kopetz S. Autologous humanized mouse models to study combination and single-agent immunotherapy for colorectal cancer patient-derived xenografts. Front Oncol 2022; 12:994333. [PMID: 36212401 PMCID: PMC9532947 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.994333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing studies of immunotherapy is limited due to a lack of pre-clinical models that reliably predict effective immunotherapy responses. To address this gap, we developed humanized mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC) incorporating patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Humanized mice with CRC PDXs were generated via engraftment of autologous (isolated from the same patients as the PDXs) or allogeneic (isolated from healthy donors) PBMCs. Human T cells were detected in mouse blood, tissues, and infiltrated the implanted PDXs. The inclusion of anti-PD-1 therapy revealed that tumor responses in autologous but not allogeneic models were more comparable to that of patients. An overall non-specific graft-vs-tumor effect occurred in allogeneic models and negatively correlated with that seen in patients. In contrast, autologous humanized mice more accurately correlated with treatment outcomes by engaging pre-existing tumor specific T-cell populations. As autologous T cells appear to be the major drivers of tumor response thus, autologous humanized mice may serve as models at predicting treatment outcomes in pre-clinical settings for therapies reliant on pre-existing tumor specific T-cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kanikarla Marie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexey V. Sorokin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lea A. Bitner
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca Aden
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Lam
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ganiraju Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melanie N. Woods
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amanda Anderson
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas Health Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Natalie Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael J. Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David G. Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Scott Kopetz,
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Klein M, Misme‐Aucouturier B, Cheminant M, De Carvalho M, Wauters M, Tranquet O, Magnan A, Bouchaud G. Engineering a safe monoclonal anti-human IL-2 that is effective in a murine model of food allergy and asthma. Allergy 2022; 77:933-945. [PMID: 34324715 DOI: 10.1111/all.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to protect against allergies. Moreover, the decrease in the frequency and efficiency of Tregs amplifies allergic symptoms. AIM This study investigated whether expanding Tregs in vivo with an IL-2/IL-2 antibody complex could be safe, well tolerated and efficient in a therapeutic setting in allergies. METHODS We produced an anti-IL-2 antibody (1C6) and demonstrated that when it is complexed to human IL-2, it increases IL-2 efficiency to induce Tregs in vivo without any detectable side effects. Furthermore, the IL-2/1C6 complex induces an increase in Helios expression by Tregs, suggesting that it not only elevated Treg numbers but also boosted their functions. Using mouse models of house-dust-mite-induced airway inflammation and wheat-gliadin-induced food allergies, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the IL-2/1C6 complex in allergies. RESULTS IL-2/1C6 treatment significantly reduced allergic symptoms, specific IgE production, the adaptive immune response and tissue damage. Interestingly, IL-2/1C6 treatment modulated innate lymphoid cells by increasing ILC2s in asthma and decreasing ILC3s in food allergies. CONCLUSION In conclusion,complexed IL-2/anti-IL-2 may restore Treg numbers and function in respiratory and food allergies, thereby improving allergic markers and symptoms. Our IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex offers new hope for reestablishing immune tolerance in patients with allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klein
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax Nantes France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antoine Magnan
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax Nantes France
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Yao Y, Chen C, Yu D, Liu Z. Roles of follicular helper and regulatory T cells in allergic diseases and allergen immunotherapy. Allergy 2021; 76:456-470. [PMID: 33098663 DOI: 10.1111/all.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are characterized by overactive type 2 immune responses to allergens and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity. Emerging evidence suggests that follicular helper T (TFH ) cells, rather than type 2 T-helper (TH 2) cells, play a crucial role in controlling IgE production. However, follicular regulatory T (TFR ) cells, a specialized subset of regulatory T (TREG ) cells resident in B-cell follicles, restricts TFH cell-mediated help in extrafollicular antibody production, germinal center (GC) formation, immunoglobulin affinity maturation, and long-lived, high-affinity plasma and memory B-cell differentiation. In mouse models of allergic asthma and food allergy, CXCR5+ TFH cells, not CXCR5- conventional TH 2 cells, are needed to support IgE production, otherwise exacerbated by CXCR5+ TFR cell deletion. Upregulation of TFH cell activities, including a skewing toward type 2 TFH (TFH 2) and IL-13 producing TFH (TFH 13) phenotypes, and defects in TFR cells have been identified in patients with allergic diseases. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) reinstates the balance between TFH and TFR cells in patients with allergic diseases, resulting in clinical benefits. Collectively, further understanding of TFH and TFR cells and their role in the immunopathogenesis of allergic diseases creates opportunities to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Cai‐Ling Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Di Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Zhao H, Li F, Huang Y, Zhang S, Li L, Yang Z, Wang R, Tao Z, Han Z, Fan J, Zheng Y, Ma Q, Luo Y. Prognostic significance of plasma IL-2 and sIL-2Rα in patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:237. [PMID: 32795376 PMCID: PMC7427726 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An imbalance between circulating neuroprotective and neurotoxic T cell subsets leads to poor prognosis in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Preclinical studies have indicated that the soluble form of the interleukin-2 receptor α (sIL-2Rα)-IL-2 complex regulates T cell differentiation. However, the association between sIL-2Rα levels and AIS remains unclear. Methods A total of 201 first-ever AIS patients within 24 h after stroke onset and 76 control subjects were recruited. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and 3-month functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score) at admission were assessed. Plasma sIL-2Rα and IL-2 levels at admission were measured. Prognostic significance was identified by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Patients with poor functional outcomes at 3 months had significantly higher levels of sIL-2Rα and lower levels of IL-2 than patients with good outcomes. Moreover, sIL-2Rα levels showed a strong positive correlation with NIHSS and mRS scores (p < 0.0001), whereas IL-2 levels were negatively correlated with mRS scores (p < 0.01). Univariate analyses showed that higher sIL-2Rα and IL-2 levels were associated with an increased and reduced risk of unfavourable outcomes, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, the sIL-2Rα level remained independently associated with an increased risk of an unfavourable outcome, and adding sIL-2Rα levels to the conventional risk factor model significantly improved risk reclassification (net reclassification improvement 17.56%, p = 0.003; integrated discrimination improvement 5.78%, p = 0.0003). Conclusions sIL-2Rα levels represent a novel, independent prognostic marker that can improve the currently used risk stratification of AIS patients. Our findings also highlight that elevated plasma sIL-2Rα and IL-2 levels manifested opposite correlations with functional outcome, underlining the importance of IL-2/IL-2R autocrine loops in AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhao
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyou Huang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhong Yang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Han
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Junfen Fan
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yangmin Zheng
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Ma
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - Yumin Luo
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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8
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Köhler C, Smole U, Kratzer B, Trapin D, Schmetterer KG, Pickl WF. Allergen alters IL-2/αIL-2-based Treg expansion but not tolerance induction in an allergen-specific mouse model. Allergy 2020; 75:1618-1629. [PMID: 31991489 PMCID: PMC7383865 DOI: 10.1111/all.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) play an important role in preventing allergic diseases. We characterized Treg expansion kinetics, marker profiles, and recirculation behavior in allergen‐challenged mice, which had been pretreated with IL‐2/αIL‐2 complexes in the presence or absence of allergen. Moreover, the ability of induced Treg to control airway hyperreactivity and effector functions of lung T cells was determined. Methods Humanized TCR/HLA‐transgenic allergy mice were treated in vivo with recombinant IL‐2 complexed to the anti‐IL‐2 mAb JES6‐1 in the presence or absence of mugwort pollen extract (MPE) on days 0‐2. Afterward, they were intranasally challenged with MPE (days 13‐15) followed by determination of airway hyperreactivity and lung T cell effector functions. Multiparametric flow cytometry on peripheral blood T cells was performed on a daily basis. Results IL‐2/αIL‐2 complexes highly efficiently expanded peripheral Treg cells, while concomitant allergen exposure altered the phenotype of expanded Treg cells. Notably, application of allergen together with IL‐2/αIL‐2 complexes induced expression of Treg marker molecules CTLA4, NRP1, Helios, and GITR on conventional T cells. Apart from CD25, GARP was identified as the most reliable surface‐expressed lineage discrimination marker of Treg expanded in the presence of IL‐2/αIL‐2 complexes and allergen. Finally, IL‐2/αIL‐2 complex‐expanded Treg cells could be recalled upon allergen challenge, which was associated with suppression of lung‐specific Th2 responses long after initial treatment. Conclusion The characterization of reliable surface and transcription markers of IL‐2/αIL‐2 complex‐expanded Treg along with their expansion kinetics and function will help to identify protocols for their long‐term expansion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Köhler
- Institute of Immunology Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Ursula Smole
- Institute of Immunology Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Bernhard Kratzer
- Institute of Immunology Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Doris Trapin
- Institute of Immunology Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Klaus G. Schmetterer
- Clinical Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Institute of Immunology Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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