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Li K, Chen Y, Lin Y, Zhang G, Su J, Wu X, Cheng C, Wang Y, Yu B, Zhang X. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is a potent adjuvant in treatment of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in mice. Mol Ther 2023; 31:174-192. [PMID: 36104974 PMCID: PMC9840119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no effective therapy for implant-associated Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis, a devastating complication after orthopedic surgery. An immune-suppressive profile with up-regulated programmed cell death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) was identified based on our transcriptional data (GEO: GSE166522) from a mouse model of S. aureus osteomyelitis. PD-1/PD-L1 expression was up-regulated mainly in F4/80+ macrophages surrounding the abscess in S. aureus-infected bone. Mechanistically, PD-1/PD-L1 activated mitophagy to suppress production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppressing the bactericidal function of macrophages. Using neutralizing antibodies for PD-L1 or PD-1, or knockout of PD-L1 adjuvant to gentamicin markedly reduced mitophagy in bone marrow F4/80+ cells, enhanced bacterial clearance in bone tissue and implants, and reduced bone destruction in mice. PD-1/PD-L1 expression was also increased in the bone marrow from individuals with S. aureus osteomyelitis. These findings uncover a so far unknown function of PD-1/PD-L1-mediated mitophagy in suppressing the bactericidal function of bone marrow macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqun Li
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Yihuang Lin
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Guangyan Zhang
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Jianwen Su
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Caiyu Cheng
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China.
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China.
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Exploring the Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Inflammatory Diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070464. [PMID: 35878202 PMCID: PMC9318596 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a very common Gram-positive bacterium, and S. aureus infections play an extremely important role in a variety of diseases. This paper describes the types of virulence factors involved, the inflammatory cells activated, the process of host cell death, and the associated diseases caused by S. aureus. S. aureus can secrete a variety of enterotoxins and other toxins to trigger inflammatory responses and activate inflammatory cells, such as keratinocytes, helper T cells, innate lymphoid cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Activated inflammatory cells can express various cytokines and induce an inflammatory response. S. aureus can also induce host cell death through pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, etc. This article discusses S. aureus and MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pulmonary cystic fibrosis, allergic asthma, food poisoning, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, and osteomyelitis. Summarizing the pathogenic mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus provides a basis for the targeted treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection.
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Stress and Nasal Allergy: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulates Mast Cell Degranulation and Proliferation in Human Nasal Mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052773. [PMID: 33803422 PMCID: PMC7967145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress exacerbates mast cell (MC)-dependent inflammation, including nasal allergy, but the underlying mechanisms are not thoroughly understood. Because the key stress-mediating neurohormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), induces human skin MC degranulation, we hypothesized that CRH may be a key player in stress-aggravated nasal allergy. In the current study, we probed this hypothesis in human nasal mucosa MCs (hM-MCs) in situ using nasal polyp organ culture and tested whether CRH is required for murine M-MC activation by perceived stress in vivo. CRH stimulation significantly increased the number of hM-MCs, stimulated both their degranulation and proliferation ex vivo, and increased stem cell factor (SCF) expression in human nasal mucosa epithelium. CRH also sensitized hM-MCs to further CRH stimulation and promoted a pro-inflammatory hM-MC phenotype. The CRH-induced increase in hM-MCs was mitigated by co-administration of CRH receptor type 1 (CRH-R1)-specific antagonist antalarmin, CRH-R1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), or SCF-neutralizing antibody. In vivo, restraint stress significantly increased the number and degranulation of murine M-MCs compared with sham-stressed mice. This effect was mitigated by intranasal antalarmin. Our data suggest that CRH is a major activator of hM-MC in nasal mucosa, in part via promoting SCF production, and that CRH-R1 antagonists such as antalarmin are promising candidate therapeutics for nasal mucosa neuroinflammation induced by perceived stress.
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