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Shailesh H, Noor S, Hayati L, Belavendra A, Van Panhuys N, Abou-Samra AB, Worgall S, Janahi I. Asthma and obesity increase inflammatory markers in children. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2025; 5:1536168. [PMID: 39902293 PMCID: PMC11788363 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1536168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma and obesity are both characterized by inflammation. However, the combined impact of these conditions on inflammatory mechanisms in children has not been studied extensively. To address this gap, we investigated the interaction effects of asthma and obesity on inflammation in children. Methods The multiplex and singleplex assays were used to measure the levels of circulating cytokines, including IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-33, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and the adipokine leptin, in plasma. The study included 97 children with normal weight and asthma (NW-A), 100 children with overweight/obesity and asthma (OO-A), 100 with overweight/obesity and no asthma (OO), and 67 normal weight children and no asthma (NW). The independent effects of asthma, obesity, and their interaction effect on these inflammatory markers were assessed using multiple regression analysis. Results Asthma was associated with the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-2, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-33, and TNF-α, and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 and adipokine, leptin in the circulation. Overweight/obesity was also linked to increased plasma levels of IL-5, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-33, TNF-α, and leptin and decreased levels of IL-10. In addition, obesity and asthma showed a significant interaction effect on the plasma levels of IL-5, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-33, TNF-α, and leptin. However, the interaction did not result in a synergistic or additive impact on cytokines, indicating a moderating effect of obesity on inflammation in pediatric asthma. Conclusion Both asthma and overweight/obesity were independently associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine in children. While the concurrent presence of asthma and obesity altered the inflammatory profile, it did not synergistically amplify the inflammation. These findings challenge the previous view that obesity enhances inflammation in individuals with asthma and highlight the importance of considering both conditions while treating obesity-associated asthma in children. Future studies are necessary to further explore the mechanisms that link obesity and asthma in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Shailesh
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Safa Noor
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lena Hayati
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Antonisamy Belavendra
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Abdul Badi Abou-Samra
- Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar Metabolic Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ibrahim Janahi
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornel Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Doha, Qatar
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He W, Rahman MH, Bajgai J, Abdul-Nasir S, Mo C, Ma H, Goh SH, Bomi K, Jung H, Kim CS, Lee H, Lee KJ. Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Alleviates Airway Inflammation and Oxidative Stress on Ovalbumin-Induced Asthmatic BALB/c Mouse Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1328. [PMID: 39594470 PMCID: PMC11591407 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, are a global public health concern owing to their chronic inflammatory effects on the respiratory mucosa. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has recently been recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we examined the therapeutic potential of H2 in airway inflammation using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BALB/c mouse model of allergic asthma. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA to induce airway inflammation, and 30 mice were randomly divided into five groups: NT (non-treatment), HTC (3% H2 treatment only), NC (negative control, OVA only), PC (positive control, OVA + intranasal 1 mg/mL salbutamol 50 μL), and HT (H2 treatment, OVA + inhaled 3% H2). Various inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS)-induced markers such as white blood cells (WBCs) and their differential counts, lung histology, cytokine levels such as interleukin (IL)-4, (IL)-5, (IL)-13, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), (IL)-10, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT), and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were investigated. Our results showed that inhaled H2 significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, OS markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression while upregulating antioxidant enzyme activity. Furthermore, H2 also significantly decreased serum IgE levels, a marker of allergic inflammation. Collectively, our findings suggest that H2 inhalation is a promising treatment option for airway inflammation, offering a novel approach with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (W.H.); (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.A.-N.); (C.M.); (H.M.); (S.H.G.); (K.B.); (H.J.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (W.H.); (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.A.-N.); (C.M.); (H.M.); (S.H.G.); (K.B.); (H.J.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Johny Bajgai
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (W.H.); (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.A.-N.); (C.M.); (H.M.); (S.H.G.); (K.B.); (H.J.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Sofian Abdul-Nasir
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (W.H.); (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.A.-N.); (C.M.); (H.M.); (S.H.G.); (K.B.); (H.J.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaodeng Mo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (W.H.); (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.A.-N.); (C.M.); (H.M.); (S.H.G.); (K.B.); (H.J.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (W.H.); (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.A.-N.); (C.M.); (H.M.); (S.H.G.); (K.B.); (H.J.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Goh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (W.H.); (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.A.-N.); (C.M.); (H.M.); (S.H.G.); (K.B.); (H.J.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Kim Bomi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (W.H.); (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.A.-N.); (C.M.); (H.M.); (S.H.G.); (K.B.); (H.J.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Hyeran Jung
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (W.H.); (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.A.-N.); (C.M.); (H.M.); (S.H.G.); (K.B.); (H.J.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (W.H.); (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.A.-N.); (C.M.); (H.M.); (S.H.G.); (K.B.); (H.J.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Hyungdon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (W.H.); (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.A.-N.); (C.M.); (H.M.); (S.H.G.); (K.B.); (H.J.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
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Liong S, Liong F, Mohsenipour M, Hill-Yardin EL, Miles MA, Selemidis S. Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Triggers Immunological Changes in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Adulthood. Cells 2024; 13:1728. [PMID: 39451246 PMCID: PMC11506009 DOI: 10.3390/cells13201728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection during early life has been linked to gut dysbiosis, which correlates with increased disease severity and a higher risk of developing asthma later in life. However, the impact of such early-life RSV infections on intestinal immunity in adulthood remains unclear. Herein, we show that RSV infection in 3-week-old mice induced persistent differential natural killer (NK) and T cell profiles within the lungs and gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoid tissues (GALT) in adulthood. Notably, male mice exhibited more pronounced RSV-induced changes in immune cell populations in both the lungs and GALT, while female mice displayed greater resilience. Importantly, early-life RSV infection was associated with the chronic downregulation of CD69-expressing T lymphocytes, particularly T regulatory cells in Peyer's patches, which could have a significant impact on T cell functionality and immune tolerance. We propose that RSV infection in early life is a trigger for the breakdown in immune tolerance at mucosal surfaces, with potential implications for airways allergic disease, food allergies, and other GI inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Liong
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia; (F.L.); (M.A.M.)
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia; (M.M.); (E.L.H.-Y.)
| | - Felicia Liong
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia; (F.L.); (M.A.M.)
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia; (M.M.); (E.L.H.-Y.)
| | - Mitra Mohsenipour
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia; (M.M.); (E.L.H.-Y.)
| | - Elisa L. Hill-Yardin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia; (M.M.); (E.L.H.-Y.)
| | - Mark A. Miles
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia; (F.L.); (M.A.M.)
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia; (M.M.); (E.L.H.-Y.)
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia; (F.L.); (M.A.M.)
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia; (M.M.); (E.L.H.-Y.)
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