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Kirimlioglu E, Oflamaz AO, Hidisoglu E, Ozen S, Yargicoglu P, Demir N. Short and long-term 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation causes endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat testis. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 162:311-321. [PMID: 38997526 PMCID: PMC11364557 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Long-term radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure, which adversely affects organisms, deteriorates testicular functions. Misfolding or unfolding protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) initiates an intracellular reaction known as ER stress (ERS), which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) for proteostasis. Since both RFR exposure and ERS can cause male infertility, we hypothesized that RFR exposure causes ERS to adversely affect testicular functions in rats. To investigate role of ERS in mediating RFR effects on rat testis, we established five experimental groups in male rats: control, short-term 2100-megahertz (MHz) RFR (1-week), short-term sham (sham/1-week), long-term 2100-MHz RFR (10-week), and long-term sham (sham/10-week). ERS markers Grp78 and phosphorylated PERK (p-Perk) levels and ERS-related apoptosis markers Chop and caspase 12 were investigated by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Long-term RFR exposure increased Grp78, p-Perk, and Chop levels, while short-term RFR exposure elevated Chop and caspase 12 levels. Chop expression was not observed in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes, which may protect spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes against RFR-induced ERS-mediated apoptosis, thereby allowing transmission of genetic material to next generations. While short and long-term RFR exposures trigger ERS and ERS-related apoptotic pathways, further functional analyses are needed to elucidate whether this RFR-induced apoptosis has long-term male infertility effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Kirimlioglu
- Departments of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Asli Okan Oflamaz
- Departments of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Enis Hidisoglu
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Drug Science, NIS Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sukru Ozen
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Piraye Yargicoglu
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Necdet Demir
- Departments of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Jangid P, Rai U, Singh R. Radio frequency electromagnetic radiations interfere with the Leydig cell functions in-vitro. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299017. [PMID: 38758777 PMCID: PMC11101099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing threat to male infertility has become a major concern for the human population due to the advent of modern technologies as a source of radiofrequency radiation (RFR). Since these technologies have become an integral part of our daily lives, thus, it becomes necessary to know the impression of such radiations on human health. In view of this, the current study aims to focus on the biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on mouse Leydig cell line (TM3) in a time-dependent manner. TM3 cells were exposed to RFR emitted from 4G cell phone and also exposed to a particular frequency of 1800 MHz and 2450 MHz from RFR exposure system. The cells were then evaluated for different parameters such as cell viability, cell proliferation, testosterone production, and ROS generation. A considerable reduction in the testosterone levels and proliferation rate of TM3 cells were observed at 120 min of exposure as compared to the control group in all exposure settings. Conversely, the intracellular ROS levels showed a significant rise at 60, 90 and 120 min of exposure in both mobile phone and 2450 MHz exposure groups. However, RFR treatment for different time durations (15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min) did not have significant effect on cell viability at any of the exposure condition (2450 MHz, 1800 MHz, and mobile phone radiation). Therefore, our findings concluded with the negative impact of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on Leydig cell's physiological functions, which could be a serious concern for male infertility. However, additional studies are required to determine the specific mechanism of RFR action as well as its long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jangid
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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3
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Maluin SM, Jaffar FHF, Osman K, Zulkefli AF, Mat Ros MF, Ibrahim SF. Exploring edible bird nest's potential in mitigating Wi-Fi's impact on male reproductive health. Reprod Med Biol 2024; 23:e12606. [PMID: 39263384 PMCID: PMC11387989 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of edible bird nest (EBN) against the detrimental impact of Wi-Fi on male reproductive health. Specifically, it examines whether EBN can mitigate Wi-Fi-induced changes in male reproductive hormones, estrogen receptors (ER), spermatogenesis, and sperm parameters. Methods Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into six groups (n = 6): Control, Control EBN, Control E2, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi+EBN, and Wi-Fi+E2. Control EBN and Wi-Fi+EBN groups received 250 mg/kg/day EBN, while Control E2 and Wi-Fi+E2 groups received 12 μg/kg/day E2 for 10 days. Wi-Fi exposure and EBN supplementation lasted eight weeks. Assessments included organ weight, hormone levels (FSH, LH, testosterone, and E2), ERα/ERβ mRNA and protein expression, spermatogenic markers (c-KIT and SCF), and sperm quality. Results Wi-Fi exposure led to decreased FSH, testosterone, ERα mRNA, and sperm quality (concentration, motility, and viability). EBN supplementation restored serum FSH and testosterone levels, increased serum LH levels, and the testosterone/E2 ratio, and normalized mRNA ERα expression. Additionally, EBN increased sperm concentration in Wi-Fi-exposed rats without affecting motility or viability. Conclusions EBN plays a crucial role in regulating male reproductive hormones and spermatogenesis, leading to improved sperm concentration. This could notably benefit men experiencing oligospermia due to excessive Wi-Fi exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofwatul Mokhtarah Maluin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Nilai Malaysia
| | | | - Khairul Osman
- Centre of Diagnostic Science and Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Bangi Malaysia
| | - Aini Farzana Zulkefli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farisyam Mat Ros
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Giulioni C, Maurizi V, Galosi AB. The role of physical agents' exposure in male infertility: A critical review. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2023; 95:10890. [PMID: 36924383 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2023.10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decrease in semen quality is an increasingly widespread pathological condition worldwide. Jobs and lifestyles have changed a lot with the advancement of technology in the last few decades, and a new series of risk factors for male infertility have spread. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the current literature on this relationship, evaluating alterations in semen parameters and hormonal profile. METHODS A deep research was performed through MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science on articles regarding the relationship between physical agents and male fertility over the last twenty years. Some physical agents already associated with male infertility, such as heat and radiation, while emerging ones, such as physical exertion, psychological stress and sedentary activities, were newly considered. RESULTS Most studies described sperm quality after exposure. Overall sperm impairment was shown after radiation and alteration of specific parameters, such as sperm concentration, were observed after psychological stress and sedentary work. In addition, an association was also reported between physical exertion and hormonal profile, especially pituitary hormones and testosterone. CONCLUSIONS Although the associations between physical agents and male infertility are suggestive, the level of evidence of the studies is not adequate to define their influence, except for physical exertion. Therefore, new prospective studies are necessary for the validation of the correlation and the possible safeguarding of the exposed working classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Giulioni
- Department of Urology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Umberto I Hospital "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona.
| | - Valentina Maurizi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, "Ospedali Riuniti" University Hospital, Ancona.
| | - Andrea Benedetto Galosi
- Department of Urology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Umberto I Hospital "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona.
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Genotoxic Risks to Male Reproductive Health from Radiofrequency Radiation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040594. [PMID: 36831261 PMCID: PMC9954667 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During modern era, mobile phones, televisions, microwaves, radio, and wireless devices, etc., have become an integral part of our daily lifestyle. All these technologies employ radiofrequency (RF) waves and everyone is exposed to them, since they are widespread in the environment. The increasing risk of male infertility is a growing concern to the human population. Excessive and long-term exposure to non-ionizing radiation may cause genetic health effects on the male reproductive system which could be a primitive factor to induce cancer risk. With respect to the concerned aspect, many possible RFR induced genotoxic studies have been reported; however, reports are very contradictory and showed the possible effect on humans and animals. Thus, the present review is focusing on the genomic impact of the radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) underlying the male infertility issue. In this review, both in vitro and in vivo studies have been incorporated explaining the role of RFR on the male reproductive system. It includes RFR induced-DNA damage, micronuclei formation, chromosomal aberrations, SCE generation, etc. In addition, attention has also been paid to the ROS generation after radiofrequency radiation exposure showing a rise in oxidative stress, base adduct formation, sperm head DNA damage, or cross-linking problems between DNA & protein.
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6
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Heidarizadi S, Rashidi Z, Jalili C, Gholami M. Overview of biological effects of melatonin on testis: A review. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14597. [PMID: 36168927 DOI: 10.1111/and.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a major global health issue and male factors account for half of all infertility cases. One of the causes of male infertility is the loss of spermatogonial stem cells, which may occur because of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or genetic defects. In numerous animal species, the evidence suggests the pineal gland and melatonin secretion in their reproductive activities are involved. Recently, considerable attention has pointed to the usage of melatonin in the treatment of diseases. Melatonin is associated with the regulation of circadian and seasonal rhythmic functions, immune system functions, retinal physiology, spermatogenesis and inhibition of tumour growth in different species. Several studies demonstrated that melatonin acts as an anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant agent. Melatonin can also protect testicles and spermatogonia against oxidative damage, chemotherapy drugs, environmental radiation, toxic substances, hyperthermia, ischemia/reperfusion, diabetes-induced testicular damage, metal-induced testicular toxicity, improve sperm quality and it affects the testosterone secretion pathway by affecting Leydig cells. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the biological effects of melatonin as a natural antioxidant on testicles and their disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Heidarizadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Rashidi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Gholami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Pardhiya S, Gautam R, Nirala JP, Murmu NN, Rajamani P. Modulatory role of Bovine serum albumin conjugated manganese dioxide nanoparticle on microwave radiation induced alterations in reproductive parameters of rat. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 113:136-149. [PMID: 36089154 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, microwave (MW) radiations are being used extensively for various applications such as Wi-Fi, telecommunication, etc. due to which there have been grave concerns regarding the adverse effects of MW exposure on human health, particularly the reproductive system. MW cause damage to the reproductive system by generating free radicals, decreasing antioxidant defence, and inducing oxidative stress. Hence, the present study was aimed to counteract the harmful effect by using antioxidant enzymes mimicking nanoparticle, Bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated manganese dioxide nanoparticle (MNP*). Male Wistar rats were exposed to MW and treated with MNP*, and their individual, as well as combined effect on reproductive parameters was investigated. Results showed that MW exposed rats had significantly reduced testosterone levels along with alterations in the testicular morphology. The antioxidant status decreased, and lipid peroxidation increased significantly in testis. MW exposure also showed altered sperm parameters such as a significant decrease in sperm count, viability, membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity with a significant increase in morphological abnormality and lipid peroxidation. As a result, the changes induced by MW may affect male fertility. However, upon combined exposure of MNP* and MW, these alterations were reduced significantly. Hence, it may be concluded that MNP* could reduce oxidative stress mediated damages in the reproductive system of rats owing to its antioxidant activity, and thus have a potential to act as a radioprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Pardhiya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rohit Gautam
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jay Prakash Nirala
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nina Nancy Murmu
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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López I, Félix N, Rivera M, Alonso A, Maestú C. Response to the comments by the authors Hamed Jalilian et al. On: "What is the radiation before 5G? A correlation study between measurements in situ and in real time and epidemiological indicators in Vallecas, Madrid", by I. López, N. Félix, M. Rivera, A. Alonso, and C. Maestú. Environmental Health 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110734. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112850. [PMID: 35120889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López
- Polytechnique University of Madrid, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Marco Rivera
- Biomedical Technology Center, CTB, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ceferino Maestú
- Polytechnique University of Madrid, UPM, Madrid, Spain; CIBER - BBN, Madrid, Spain
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9
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López I, Félix N, Alonso A, Rivera M, Maestú C. Response to the comments on: "What is the radiation before 5G? A correlation study between measurements in situ and in real time and epidemiological indicators in Vallecas, Madrid", by I. López, N. Félix, M. Rivera, A. Alonso, and C. Maestú. Environmental Health 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110734. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112193. [PMID: 34678254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López
- Polytechnic University of Madrid, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Marco Rivera
- Biomedical Technology Center, CTB, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ceferino Maestú
- Biomedical Technology Center, CTB, Madrid, Spain; CIBER - BBN, Spain
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10
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The antioxidant effects of melatonin in blood platelets during exposure to electromagnetic radiation – an in vitro study. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The article presents the results of an in vitro study aimed at identifying changes in parameters of oxidative stress – concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and protective antioxidant role of melatonin (MLT) during the exposure of blood platelets to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by monitors.
Methods
Platelets were exposed to an EMR for 30- and 60 min. generated by monitors (1 kHz frequency, 220 V/m intensity). In each sample the level of SOD-1 activity and concentration of MDA were determined.
Results
The MDA concentration increased significantly after 30-and 60-min. irradiation, as compared to control values (2.53 vs 1.36; 3.64 vs 1.36 nmol/109 blood platelets) and after the addition of MLT it decreased (2.53 vs 1.55; 3.64 vs 1.12 nmol/109 blood platelets). The activity of SOD-1 increased significantly compared to control values after 30 min. and 60 min. of exposure to EMR (1.97vs 0.75; 2.08 vs 0.75 U/g of protein), and significantly decreased after the addition of MLT only in samples exposed for 60 min. (2.08 vs 0.95 U/g of protein).
Discussion
The results demonstrated the possibly negative effect of EMR on oxygen metabolism of blood platelets and indicated a possible protective role of melatonin in this process.
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Rasouli Mojez M, Ali Gaeini A, Choobineh S, Sheykhlouvand M. Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1532-1538. [PMID: 34697252 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study determined whether 4 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise improves antioxidant capacity on the brain of rats against oxidative stress caused by radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones. METHODS Responses of malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as the number of hippocampal dead cells, were examined. Male Wistar rats (10-12 wk old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (N = 8): (1) moderate aerobic exercise (EXE) (2 × 15-30 min at 1215 m/min speed with 5 min of active recovery between sets), (2) exposure to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves 3 hours per day (RAD), (3) EXE + RAD, and (4) exposure to an experimental phone without battery. RESULTS Following the exposure, the number of the hippocampal dead cells was significantly higher in group RAD compared with groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group. Malondialdehyde concentration in group RAD was significantly higher than that of groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group. Also, the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group was significantly higher compared with those of the exposure group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that moderate aerobic exercise enhances hippocampal antioxidant capacity against oxidative challenge in the form of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves.
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12
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Maluin SM, Osman K, Jaffar FHF, Ibrahim SF. Effect of Radiation Emitted by Wireless Devices on Male Reproductive Hormones: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:732420. [PMID: 34630149 PMCID: PMC8497974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.732420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from various wireless devices has increased dramatically with the advancement of technology. One of the most vulnerable organs to the RF-EMR is the testes. This is due to the fact that testicular tissues are more susceptible to oxidative stress due to a high rate of cell division and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. As a result of extensive cell proliferation, replication errors occur, resulting in DNA fragmentation in the sperm. While high oxygen consumption increases the level of oxidative phosphorylation by-products (free radicals) in the mitochondria. Furthermore, due to its inability to effectively dissipate excess heat, testes are also susceptible to thermal effects from RF-EMR exposure. As a result, people are concerned about its impact on male reproductive function. The aim of this article was to conduct a review of literature on the effects of RF-EMR emitted by wireless devices on male reproductive hormones in experimental animals and humans. According to the findings of the studies, RF-EMR emitted by mobile phones and Wi-Fi devices can cause testosterone reduction. However, the effect on gonadotrophic hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) is inconclusive. These findings were influenced by several factors, which can influence energy absorption and the biological effect of RF-EMR. The effect of RF-EMR in the majority of animal and human studies appeared to be related to the duration of mobile phone use. Thus, limiting the use of wireless devices is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofwatul Mokhtarah Maluin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Osman
- Centre of Diagnostic Science and Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yu G, Bai Z, Song C, Cheng Q, Wang G, Tang Z, Yang S. Current progress on the effect of mobile phone radiation on sperm quality: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of human and animal studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 282:116952. [PMID: 33862271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potential suppression of fertility due to mobile phone radiation remains a focus of researchers. We conducted meta-analyses on the effects of mobile phone radiation on sperm quality using recent evidence and propose some perspectives on this issue. Using the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, WOS, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, we retrieved and screened studies published before December 2020 on the effects of mobile phone use/mobile phone RF-EMR on sperm quality. Thirty-nine studies were included. Data quality and general information of the studies were evaluated and recorded. Sperm quality data (density, motility, viability, morphology, and DFI) were compiled for further analyses, and we conducted subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses. The pooled results of human cross-sectional studies did not support an association of mobile phone use and a decline in sperm quality. Different study areas contributed to the heterogeneity of the studies. In East Europe and West Asia, mobile phone use was correlated with a decline in sperm density and motility. Mobile phone RF-EMR exposure could decrease the motility and viability of mature human sperm in vitro. The pooled results of animal studies showed that mobile phone RF-EMR exposure could suppress sperm motility and viability. Furthermore, it reduced sperm density in mice, in rats older than 10 weeks, and in rats restrained during exposure. Differences regarding age, modeling method, exposure device, and exposure time contributed to the heterogeneity of animal studies. Previous studies have extensively investigated and demonstrated the adverse effects of mobile phone radiation on sperm. In the future, new standardized criteria should be applied to evaluate potential effects of mobile phone RF-EMR dosages. Further sperm-related parameters at the functional and molecular levels as well as changes in biological characteristics of germ cells should be evaluated. Moreover, the impact of mobile phone RF-EMR on individual organs should also be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiming Bai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China; Haikou Center for Medical Synchrotron Radiation Research, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Zeping Tang
- Guangdong Environmental Radiation Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sixing Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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14
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Uche UI, Naidenko OV. Development of health-based exposure limits for radiofrequency radiation from wireless devices using a benchmark dose approach. Environ Health 2021; 20:84. [PMID: 34273995 PMCID: PMC8286570 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies and research on laboratory animals link radiofrequency radiation (RFR) with impacts on the heart, brain, and other organs. Data from the large-scale animal studies conducted by the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the Ramazzini Institute support the need for updated health-based guidelines for general population RFR exposure. OBJECTIVES The development of RFR exposure limits expressed in whole-body Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), a metric of RFR energy absorbed by biological tissues. METHODS Using frequentist and Bayesian averaging modeling of non-neoplastic lesion incidence data from the NTP study, we calculated the benchmark doses (BMD) that elicited a 10% response above background (BMD10) and the lower confidence limits on the BMD at 10% extra risk (BMDL10). Incidence data for individual neoplasms and combined tumor incidence were modeled for 5% and 10% response above background. RESULTS Cardiomyopathy and increased risk of neoplasms in male rats were the most sensitive health outcomes following RFR exposures at 900 MHz frequency with Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) modulations. BMDL10 for all sites cardiomyopathy in male rats following 19 weeks of exposure, calculated with Bayesian model averaging, corresponded to 0.27-0.42 W/kg whole-body SAR for CDMA and 0.20-0.29 W/kg for GSM modulation. BMDL10 for right ventricle cardiomyopathy in female rats following 2 years of exposure corresponded to 2.7-5.16 W/kg whole-body SAR for CDMA and 1.91-2.18 W/kg for GSM modulation. For multi-site tumor modeling using the multistage cancer model with a 5% extra risk, BMDL5 in male rats corresponded to 0.31 W/kg for CDMA and 0.21 W/kg for GSM modulation. CONCLUSION BMDL10 range of 0.2-0.4 W/kg for all sites cardiomyopathy in male rats was selected as a point of departure. Applying two ten-fold safety factors for interspecies and intraspecies variability, we derived a whole-body SAR limit of 2 to 4 mW/kg, an exposure level that is 20-40-fold lower than the legally permissible level of 0.08 W/kg for whole-body SAR under the current U.S. regulations. Use of an additional ten-fold children's health safety factor points to a whole-body SAR limit of 0.2-0.4 mW/kg for young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uloma Igara Uche
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I Street NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC, 20005, USA.
| | - Olga V Naidenko
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I Street NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC, 20005, USA
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15
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Schuermann D, Mevissen M. Manmade Electromagnetic Fields and Oxidative Stress-Biological Effects and Consequences for Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073772. [PMID: 33917298 PMCID: PMC8038719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Concomitant with the ever-expanding use of electrical appliances and mobile communication systems, public and occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the extremely-low-frequency and radiofrequency range has become a widely debated environmental risk factor for health. Radiofrequency (RF) EMF and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) MF have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially leading to cellular or systemic oxidative stress, was frequently found to be influenced by EMF exposure in animals and cells. In this review, we summarize key experimental findings on oxidative stress related to EMF exposure from animal and cell studies of the last decade. The observations are discussed in the context of molecular mechanisms and functionalities relevant to health such as neurological function, genome stability, immune response, and reproduction. Most animal and many cell studies showed increased oxidative stress caused by RF-EMF and ELF-MF. In order to estimate the risk for human health by manmade exposure, experimental studies in humans and epidemiological studies need to be considered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schuermann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (M.M.)
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16
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Mahmoud NM, Gomaa RS, Salem AE. Activation of liver X receptors ameliorates alterations in testicular function in rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1884333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Randa Salah Gomaa
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal Elsayd Salem
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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17
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Olaniyi KS, Badejogbin OC, Saliu SB, Olatunji LA. Rescue effect of sodium acetate in diabetes mellitus-associated testicular dysfunction is accompanied by PCSK9 modulation. Biochimie 2021; 184:52-62. [PMID: 33581194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health burden, affecting about 463 million of the adult population worldwide. Approximately 94% of diabetic male individuals develop varying degrees of testicular disorders (TDs), which usually result in hypogonadism, hypotestosteronemia and defective spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have shown potential benefits in metabolic health. However, its effect on TD associated with DM is not clear. Howbeit, the present study investigated the hypothesis that SCFAs, acetate would ameliorate TD accompanying DM, possibly by suppressing proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Male Wistar rats (210-240 g) were allotted into groups (n = 6/group): control (vehicle; po), DM with/without 200 mg/kg (po) of sodium acetate (SAc). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin 65 mg/kg (iv) after a dose of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg). Semen/biochemical and histological analyses were performed with appropriate methods. In addition to hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and reduced insulin sensitivity, DM led to increased serum and testicular triglyceride or total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, IL-6 and PCSK9 as well as reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glutathione. Moreover, DM caused TD which is characterized by altered sperm parameters, disrupted tissue architecture, atrophied seminiferous tubules, deleterious spermatogonia, disappearance of lumen and cellular degeneration as well as decreased luteinizing hormone and testosterone. However, the administration of SAc attenuated these alterations. The study demonstrates that DM-induced TD is accompanied by elevated PCSK9. The results however suggest that SAc rescues testicular disorder/dysfunction associated with DM by suppression of PCSK9 and improvement of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde S Olaniyi
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria; HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240001, Nigeria.
| | - Olabimpe C Badejogbin
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, 100213, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Salam B Saliu
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240001, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240001, Nigeria
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18
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Shokri M, Shamsaei ME, Malekshah AK, Amiri FT. The protective effect of melatonin on radiofrequency electromagnetic fields of mobile phone-induced testicular damage in an experimental mouse model. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13834. [PMID: 33040351 DOI: 10.1111/and.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile devices has undesirable effects on the male reproductive organs. Melatonin with antioxidant potential can help to prevent these damages. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of melatonin on testicular damage induced by RF-EMR of mobile phone. In this experimental study, 32 adult male BALB/c mice were divided randomly into four groups: control, melatonin (2 mg/kg, for 30 consecutive days, intraperitoneally), RF-EMR (900 MHz, 100 to 300 MT, 54 to 160 W/m) (4 hr per day, whole body) and melatonin + RF-EMR groups. One day after the last prescription were evaluated oxidative stress parameters, testosterone level and histopathological assays of the testis. EMR of mobile phone led to the induction of oxidative stress, testicular tissue damage and decreased testosterone. Treatment with melatonin improved oxidative stress parameters such as MDA and GSH, and testis injury score, increased the thickness of the germinal epithelial thickness and diameter of the seminiferous tubule, and decreased testosterone hormone in the EMR-exposed mice, and these differences were significant(p < .05). Data showed that melatonin with its antioxidant property can decrease oxidative damage induced by RF-EMR of mobile phones on testis tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Shokri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad E Shamsaei
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbasali K Malekshah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fereshteh T Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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19
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Moderate exercise training reduced the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted from a cell phone on hematological parameters in male Wistar rats. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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20
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Materia FT, Faasse K, Smyth JM. Understanding and Preventing Health Concerns About Emerging Mobile Health Technologies. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e14375. [PMID: 32449688 PMCID: PMC7281144 DOI: 10.2196/14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New technologies and innovations have often improved population well-being and societal function; however, these are also often initially accompanied by worry and fear. In some cases, such worries can impede, or even prevent entirely, the adoption of the technology. Mobile health (mHealth), a discipline broadly focused on employing ambulatory technologies to improve the affordability, reach, and effectiveness of health promotion and clinical intervention approaches, offers new innovations and opportunities. Despite emerging evidence supporting mHealth efficacy (eg, for improving health outcomes), some individuals have concerns about mHealth technology that may impede scalability, efficacy, and, ultimately, the public health benefits of mHealth. We present a review and conceptual framework to examine these issues, focusing on three overarching themes: biophysiological, psychological, and societal concerns. There are features of mHealth that lead to worries about the potential negative effects on an individual’s health (eg, due to exposure to electromagnetic or radio waves), despite evidence supporting the safety of these technologies. When present, such beliefs can lead to worry that gives rise to the experience of unpleasant and concerning physical symptoms—the nocebo effect. This may represent an important implementational barrier because of apprehension toward beneficial mHealth products (or features thereof, such as wireless charging, wearable or implantable sensors, etc) and may also have broader ramifications (eg, leading to economic, governmental, and legislative actions). In addition to reviewing evidence on these points, we provide a broad three-step model of implementation research in mHealth that focuses on understanding and preventing health concerns to facilitate the safe and effective scalability of mHealth (and that may be generalizable and applied to similar technologies): (1) evaluating and better discerning public perceptions and misperceptions (and how these may differ between populations), (2) developing theory-based public health communication strategies regarding the safety of mHealth, and (3) disseminating this messaging using evidence-based methods. Collectively, these steps converge on reviewing evidence regarding the potential role of worry and nocebo in mHealth and providing a model for understanding and changing attitudes and preventing unfounded negative perceptions related to mHealth technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Materia
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kate Faasse
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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21
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Yahyazadeh A, Altunkaynak BZ, Kaplan S. Biochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometrical investigation of the effect of thymoquinone on the rat testis following exposure to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151467. [PMID: 31784235 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long-term use of cell phones emitting electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have raised concerns regarding public health in recent year. We aimed to investigate the possible effects of 900 MHz EMF exposure (60 min/day for 28 days) on the rat testis. Another objective was to determine whether the deleterious effect of EMF radiation would be reduced by the administration of thymoquinone (TQ) (10 mg/kg/day). Twenty-four male adult Wistar albino rats were randomly selected, then assigned into four groups as followControl, EMF, TQ and EMF + TQ. Testicular samples were analyzed using histological, stereological, biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Total numbers of primary spermatocytes and spermatids as well as Leydig cells were significantly decreased in the EMF group compared to the Control group (p < 0.05). In the EMF + TQ group, the total number of primary spermatocytes was significantly increased compared to the EMF group (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased in the EMF group compared to the Control group (p < 0.05). Also, serum testosterone levels and wet weight of testes were significantly decreased in the EMF group compared to the Control group (p < 0.05). Our findings suggested that exposure to a 900 MHz EMF had adverse effects on rat testicular tissue and that the administration of TQ partially mitigated testicular oxidative damages caused by EMF radiation.
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22
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Olaniyi KS, Amusa OA, Oniyide AA, Ajadi IO, Akinnagbe NT, Babatunde SS. Protective role of glutamine against cadmium-induced testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats: Involvement of G6PD activity. Life Sci 2019; 242:117250. [PMID: 31899225 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine disruptor such as cadmium has been widely reported to cause testicular toxicity, which contributes to recent decline in male fertility worldwide. Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the body has been demonstrated to exert protective effects in cellular toxicity. However, its role in testicular toxicity is unknown. The present study is therefore aimed at investigating the effects of glutamine supplementation on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity, and the possible involvement of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. MATERIALS AND METHOD Male Wistar rats weighing 160-190 g were allotted into 4 groups (n = 5/group): The groups received vehicle (distilled water; p.o.), glutamine (1gkg-1; p.o.), cadmium chloride (5mgkg-1p.o.) and Cadmium chloride plus glutamine respectively, daily for 30 days. Biochemical and histological analyses were performed with appropriate method. RESULTS Administration of cadmium significantly decreased body weight, sperm count, motility and viability, as well as altered sperm morphology and progressivity. Cadmium also caused atrophy of the seminiferous tubule in addition to disrupted testicular architecture, lumen, Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. Similarly, serum and testicular aspartate transaminase, and malondialdehyde significantly increased, and G6PD, glutathione, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and nitric oxide significantly decreased with corresponding decrease in follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone in cadmium-treated animals compared with control groups. However, supplementation with glutamine attenuated these alterations. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that cadmium induces testicular dysfunction that is attributable to defective G6PD and accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and impaired NO-dependent endothelial function. Interestingly, glutamine supplementation ameliorates cadmium-induced testicular dysfunction through enhancement of G6PD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde S Olaniyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Congella 4013, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwatobi A Amusa
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Adesola A Oniyide
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Isaac O Ajadi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Congella 4013, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nifesimi T Akinnagbe
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Salam S Babatunde
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Koohestani NV, Zavareh S, Lashkarbolouki T, Azimipour F. Exposure to cell phone induce oxidative stress in mice preantral follicles during in vitro cultivation: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2019; 17:637-646. [PMID: 31646258 PMCID: PMC6804329 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i9.5099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiations emitting from mobile phones have been proposed to affect people's health, mediated by various mechanisms like induction of oxidative stress. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of cell phone exposure on the oxidative status of mice preantral follicles (PFs) during in vitro culture. Materials and Methods PFs (n░=░2580) were isolated mechanically from 16 to 18 day-old NMRI mice (n░=░50) and divided into control and cell phone-exposed groups. PFs were cultured for 12 days and ovulation was induced using human chorion gonadotropin. The developmental parameters including size, survival, antral cavity formation, ovulation and oocyte maturation were assessed. In parallel, enzymatic antioxidants activities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated. Results The diameters and the rates of survival, antrum formation, ovulation, and metaphase II oocytes of exposed PFs to cell phone were significantly lower than those of the control group (p░≤░0.001). The PFs exposed to cell phone had significantly lower superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) activity compared with the control group. In the cell phone exposed PFs, the TAC level was significantly lower (p░≤░0.001) and MDA levels was significantly higher (p░≤░0.001), compared tothe those of control group. Conclusion Exposure to cell phone compromised the developmental competence of mice PFs by increasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Zavareh
- School of Biology Damghan University Damghan Iran.,Institute of Biological Sciences Damghan University Damghan Iran
| | - Taghi Lashkarbolouki
- School of Biology Damghan University Damghan Iran.,Institute of Biological Sciences Damghan University Damghan Iran
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24
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Singh R, Nath R, Mathur AK, Sharma RS. Effect of radiofrequency radiation on reproductive health. Indian J Med Res 2019; 148:S92-S99. [PMID: 30964085 PMCID: PMC6469375 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1056_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cellular phone system has greatly increased the extent and magnitude of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure. The RFR emitted from mobile phone and mobile phone base stations exerts thermal and non-thermal effects. The short-term and long-term exposure to RFR may have adverse effect on humans as well as animals. Most laboratory studies have indicated a direct link between exposure to RFR and adverse biological effects. Several in vitro studies have reported that RFR induces various types of cancer and DNA or chromosomal damage. On the other hand, some animal studies have not reported adverse effects of this radiation. The present review summarizes information available on the possible effects of RFR on the reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Nath
- Division of Reproductive Biology & Maternal Health, Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Mathur
- Division of Reproductive Biology & Maternal Health, Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Division of Reproductive Biology & Maternal Health, Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Azimipour F, Zavareh S, Lashkarbolouki T. The Effect of Radiation Emitted by Cell Phone on The Gelatinolytic Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 of Mouse Pre-Antral Follicles during In Vitro Culture. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:1-8. [PMID: 31606960 PMCID: PMC6791065 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective The unfavorable effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by the cell phone on reproduction
health are controversial. Metalloproteinases play a vital role in ovarian follicle development. This study was designed
to investigate the effects of exposure to the cell phone on the gelatinolytic activity of in vitro cultured mouse pre-antral
follicle.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, pre-antral follicles were isolated from ovaries of immature mice
(n=16) and cultured with or without exposure to the cell phone in talking mode for 60 minutes. The gelatinolytic activity
was evaluated through the zymography method, as well as the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
namely MMP-2 and -9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) namely, TIMP-1 and -2 by the real-time
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Also, in parallel, the development of pre-antral follicles was assessed.
Results The maturation parameters of the cell phone-exposed pre-antral follicles were significantly lower compared
with the control group (P<0.05). The gelatinolytic activity was significantly decreased in the cell phone-exposed pre-
antral follicles compared with the control group (P<0.05). The relative mRNA expression of the MMP-2 gene was
significantly (P<0.05) increased in the cell phone-exposed pre-antral follicles whereas the expression rate of the MMP-9
gene was considerably (P<0.05) reduced when compared with the control group. Conversely, the relative expression
of the TIMP-1 was markedly (P<0.05) increased in the cell phone-exposed pre-antral follicles while the expression of
the TIMP-2 was (P<0.05) significantly diminished in comparison with the control group.
Conclusion Exposure to the cell phone alters the growth and maturation rate of murine ovarian follicle through the changing
in the expression of the MMP-2 and -9 genes, as well as the gelatinolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Zavareh
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Taghi Lashkarbolouki
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Yahyazadeh A, Altunkaynak BZ. Protective effects of luteolin on rat testis following exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field. Biotech Histochem 2019; 94:298-307. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1566568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Yahyazadeh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - B. Z. Altunkaynak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Altun G, Deniz ÖG, Yurt KK, Davis D, Kaplan S. Effects of mobile phone exposure on metabolomics in the male and female reproductive systems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:700-707. [PMID: 29884548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With current advances in technology, a number of epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a broad range of adverse effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human health. Multiple cellular mechanisms have been proposed as direct causes or contributors to these biological effects. EMF-induced alterations in cellular levels can activate voltage-gated calcium channels and lead to the formation of free radicals, protein misfolding and DNA damage. Because rapidly dividing germ cells go through meiosis and mitosis, they are more sensitive to EMF in contrast to other slower-growing cell types. In this review, possible mechanistic pathways of the effects of EMF exposure on fertilization, oogenesis and spermatogenesis are discussed. In addition, the present review also evaluates metabolomic effects of GSM-modulated EMFs on the male and female reproductive systems in recent human and animal studies. In this context, experimental and epidemiological studies which examine the impact of mobile phone radiation on the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis are examined in line with current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey; Environmental Health Trust, 7100 N Rachel Way Unit 6 Eagles Rest, Teton Village, WY 83025, United States
| | - Devra Davis
- Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Isreal and Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey; Environmental Health Trust, 7100 N Rachel Way Unit 6 Eagles Rest, Teton Village, WY 83025, United States
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
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Di Ciaula A. Towards 5G communication systems: Are there health implications? Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:367-375. [PMID: 29402696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The spread of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) is rising and health effects are still under investigation. RF-EMF promote oxidative stress, a condition involved in cancer onset, in several acute and chronic diseases and in vascular homeostasis. Although some evidences are still controversial, the WHO IARC classified RF-EMF as "possible carcinogenic to humans", and more recent studies suggested reproductive, metabolic and neurologic effects of RF-EMF, which are also able to alter bacterial antibiotic resistance. In this evolving scenario, although the biological effects of 5G communication systems are very scarcely investigated, an international action plan for the development of 5G networks has started, with a forthcoming increment in devices and density of small cells, and with the future use of millimeter waves (MMW). Preliminary observations showed that MMW increase skin temperature, alter gene expression, promote cellular proliferation and synthesis of proteins linked with oxidative stress, inflammatory and metabolic processes, could generate ocular damages, affect neuro-muscular dynamics. Further studies are needed to better and independently explore the health effects of RF-EMF in general and of MMW in particular. However, available findings seem sufficient to demonstrate the existence of biomedical effects, to invoke the precautionary principle, to define exposed subjects as potentially vulnerable and to revise existing limits. An adequate knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms linking RF-EMF exposure to health risk should also be useful in the current clinical practice, in particular in consideration of evidences pointing to extrinsic factors as heavy contributors to cancer risk and to the progressive epidemiological growth of noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Bisceglie (ASL BAT), Bisceglie, Italy; International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE), Arezzo, Italy.
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Corazza M, Forconi R, Musmeci D, Toni G, Borghi A. Thermal injury caused by the explosion of a lithium-ion mobile phone battery. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:e43-e44. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Corazza
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - R. Forconi
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - D. Musmeci
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - G. Toni
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - A. Borghi
- Department of Medical Sciences; Section of Dermatology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
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