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Mehri K, Hamidian G, Babri S, Farajdokht F, Zavvari Oskuye Z. Exercise and insulin glargine administration in mothers with diabetes during pregnancy ameliorate function of testis in offspring: Consequences on apelin-13 and its receptor. Life Sci 2024; 342:122517. [PMID: 38395385 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Despite the evidence exhibited that diabetes during gestation (DDG) is linked with reproductive dysfunction in offspring, the underlying cellular mechanisms involved are not precisely defined. This study was designed to assess the impact of voluntary exercise and insulin glargine on DDG-induced metabolic and reproductive disorders in male offspring. MAIN METHODS Fifty female Wistar rats (three weeks old) received a control diet (n = 10) or high-fat-high-sucrose diet (to induce DDG; n = 40) for six weeks before breeding. From the 7th day of pregnancy onwards, blood glucose over 140 mg/dL was characterized as DDG. Then, the DDG animals were randomly divided into four subgroups with/without voluntary exercise and/or insulin glargine. To evaluate insulin resistance, a glucose tolerance test was performed on the 15th day of pregnancy. After three weeks, male offspring were weaned, and fed a control diet until 12 weeks old. At the end of the experiment, the lipid profile, sex hormones, and apelin-13 in the serum, mRNA expression of apelin receptors (APJ) in the testis and sperm analysis were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Our results indicated that voluntary exercise and/or insulin glargine administration in mothers with DDG ameliorated lipid profile, and sex hormones alterations, reduced the serum level of apelin-13, as well as increased APJ expression in testis, and quality of sperm in offspring. SIGNIFICANCE Combined administration of voluntary exercise and insulin glargine during pregnancy by regulating of apelinergic system and inhibiting the metabolic and reproductive complications induced by DDG, can be considered as a suitable therapeutic strategy for improving sub-or in-fertility in the male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Mehri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hamidian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shirin Babri
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mehri K, Hamidian G, Zavvari Oskuye Z, Nayebirad S, Farajdokht F. The role of apelinergic system in metabolism and reproductive system in normal and pathological conditions: an overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1193150. [PMID: 37424869 PMCID: PMC10324965 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1193150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle changes have made metabolic disorders as one of the major threats to life. Growing evidence demonstrates that obesity and diabetes disrupt the reproductive system by affecting the gonads and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Apelin, an adipocytokine, and its receptor (APJ) are broadly expressed in the hypothalamus nuclei, such as paraventricular and supraoptic, where gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released, and all three lobes of the pituitary, indicating that apelin is involved in the control of reproductive function. Moreover, apelin affects food intake, insulin sensitivity, fluid homeostasis, and glucose and lipid metabolisms. This review outlined the physiological effects of the apelinergic system, the relationship between apelin and metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, as well as the effect of apelin on the reproductive system in both gender. The apelin-APJ system can be considered a potential therapeutic target in the management of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Mehri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hamidian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sepehr Nayebirad
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Yan YS, Feng C, Yu DQ, Tian S, Zhou Y, Huang YT, Cai YT, Chen J, Zhu MM, Jin M. Long-term outcomes and potential mechanisms of offspring exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1067282. [PMID: 37255932 PMCID: PMC10226394 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1067282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, which can be classified into pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes, has become much more prevalent worldwide. Maternal diabetes fosters an intrauterine abnormal environment for fetus, which not only influences pregnancy outcomes, but also leads to fetal anomaly and development of diseases in later life, such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric outcomes, reproduction malformation, and immune dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms are comprehensive and ambiguous, which mainly focus on microbiota, inflammation, reactive oxygen species, cell viability, and epigenetics. This review concluded with the influence of intrauterine hyperglycemia on fetal structure development and organ function on later life and outlined potential mechanisms that underpin the development of diseases in adulthood. Maternal diabetes leaves an effect that continues generations after generations through gametes, thus more attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of diabetes to rescue the pathological attacks of maternal diabetes from the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shang Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Feng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Qing Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhu
- Department of Operating Theatre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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de Oliveira JS, Silva AADN, Dias FCR, de Oliveira EL, de Oliveira Filho EF, Soares PC, Ferreira CMDO, da Silva Junior VA. Histomorphometric and oxidative evaluation of the offspring's testis from type 2 diabetic female rats treated with metformin and pentoxifylline. Int J Exp Pathol 2022; 103:174-189. [PMID: 35734873 PMCID: PMC9482357 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) during pregnancy is characterized by high levels of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory factors in the placenta. Once these reactive species reach the foetus, they trigger physiological adaptations that allow the foetus to survive, but programme the organism to develop metabolic disorders in adulthood. The male reproductive system is highly susceptible to foetal programming. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intrauterine exposure to T2D on testicular histomorphometry and redox homeostasis of adult rats and evaluate the effects of maternal treatment with metformin and pentoxifylline. Female rats were induced to T2D, then treated with metformin and pentoxifylline, or co-treated with both drugs. The females were mated, the male offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day 90, and the testicles were collected for analysis. Metformin protected the tubular compartment, with the maintenance of the Sertoli cell population and daily sperm production. Pentoxifylline attenuated the effects of diabetes on Leydig cells, in addition to stimulating testosterone production and lowering lipid peroxidation. Intrauterine exposure to T2D results in important testicular alterations that compromise gonadal function, and the co-treatment with metformin and pentoxifylline may represent a promising therapy that attenuates these effects by combining the positive influences in both the tubular and interstitial compartments of the testicular parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pierre Castro Soares
- Department of Veterinary MedicineFederal Rural University of PernambucoRecifePernambucoBrazil
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Pascoe CD, Basu S, Schwartz J, Fonseca M, Kahnamoui S, Jha A, Dolinsky VW, Halayko AJ. Maternal diabetes promotes offspring lung dysfunction and inflammation in a sex-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L373-L384. [PMID: 35043678 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00425.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to maternal diabetes is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for chronic respiratory disease in children. It is currently unclear, however, whether maternal diabetes affects the lung health of male and female offspring equally. This study characterizes the sex-specific impact of a murine model of diet-induced gestational diabetes (GDM) on offspring lung function and airway inflammation. Female adult mice are fed a high-fat (45% kcal) diet for 6-weeks prior to mating. Control offspring are from mothers fed a low fat (10% kcal) diet. Offspring were weaned and fed a chow diet until 10-weeks of age, at which point lung function was measured and lung lavage was collected. Male, but not female offspring exposed to GDM had increased lung compliance and reduced lung resistance at baseline. Female offspring exposed to GDM displayed increased methacholine reactivity and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-5, and CXCL1) in lung lavage. Female GDM offspring also displayed elevated abundance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) within their airways, namely MMP-3 and MMP-8. These results indicate disparate effects of maternal diabetes on lung health and airway inflammation of male and female offspring exposed to GDM. Female mice may be at greater risk of inflammatory lung conditions, such as asthma, while male offspring display changes that more closely align with models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In conclusion, there are important sex-based differences in the impact of maternal diabetes on offspring lung health that could signal differences in future disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Pascoe
- Deptartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sujata Basu
- Deptartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jacquie Schwartz
- Deptartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mario Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shana Kahnamoui
- Deptartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aruni Jha
- Deptartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew John Halayko
- Deptartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Sinha N, Lydia Walker G, Sen A. Looking at the Future Through the Mother's Womb: Gestational Diabetes and Offspring Fertility. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6379047. [PMID: 34597389 PMCID: PMC8520322 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered nutrition or intrauterine exposure to various adverse conditions during fetal development or earlier in a mother's life can lead to epigenetic changes in fetal tissues, predisposing those tissues to diseases that manifest when offspring become adults. An example is a maternal obesity associated with gestational diabetes (GDM), where fetal exposure to a hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, and/or hyperlipidemic gestational environment can provoke epigenetic changes that predispose offspring to various diseased conditions later in life. While it is now well established that offspring exposed to GDM have an increased risk of developing obesity, metabolic disorders, and/or cardiovascular disease in adult life, there are limited studies assessing the reproductive health of these offspring. This mini-review discusses the long-term effect of in utero exposure to GDM-associated adverse prenatal environment on the reproductive health of the offspring. Moreover, using evidence from various animal models and human epidemiological studies, this review offers molecular insight and understanding of how epigenetic reprogramming of genes culminates in reproductive dysfunction and the development of subfertility or infertility later in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Gretchen Lydia Walker
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Correspondence: Aritro Sen, PhD, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, 3013 Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Building, Michigan State University, 766 Service Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Diabetes: A Focus on Pregnancy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1307:553-576. [PMID: 32504388 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes, both for the mother and her offspring. Although clinical and epidemiological studies are invaluable to assess these outcomes and the effectiveness of potential treatments, there are certain ethical and practical limitations to what can be assessed in human studies.Thus, both in vivo and in vitro models can aid us in the understanding of the mechanisms behind these complications and, in the long run, towards their prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the existing animal and cell models used to mimic diabetes, with a specific focus on the intrauterine environment. Summary of this review.
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Gao J, Huang T, Li J, Guo X, Xiao H, Gu J, Tang J, Cai W, Li D. Beneficial Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Offspring's Pancreas of Gestational Diabetes Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13269-13281. [PMID: 31725275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied the long-term influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the pancreas of offspring and the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on offspring's pancreas. GDM offspring were divided into three groups: GDM offspring, n-3 PUFA-adequate-GDM offspring, and n-3 PUFA-deficient GDM offspring. All healthy and GDM offspring were fed up to 11 months old. The pancreas of GDM offspring exhibited fatty infiltration at 11 months old, whereas n-3 PUFA improved the pancreatic fatty infiltration. n-3 PUFA lowered the pancreatic oxidative stress and inflammation. Surprisingly, n-3 PUFA postponed pancreatic telomere shortening of GDM offspring at old age. Nontargeted metabolomics showed that many metabolites were altered in the pancreas of GDM offspring at old age, including l-valine, ceramide, acylcarnitines, tocotrienol, cholesteryl acetate, and biotin. n-3 PUFA modulated some altered metabolites and metabolic pathways. Therefore, GDM caused the long-term effects on offspring's pancreas, whereas n-3 PUFA played a beneficial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Gao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jiaomei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition and Health , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Hailong Xiao
- Department of Food Inspection , Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control , 198 Yonghua Street , Hangzhou 310022 , China
| | - Jiaojiao Gu
- School of Nursing , Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , 548 Binwen Road , Hangzhou 310053 , China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
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Ma B, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Zhao A, Zhou Y, Ying H, Zhang Q. Luteolin Ameliorates Testis Injury and Blood–Testis Barrier Disruption through the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and by Upregulating Cx43. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800843. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Yanfen Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- School of Life Science & Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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