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Li X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Lu Z, Sun Y, Zhong C, Lv Z, Pan H, Chen J, Yao D, Huang X, Yu C. Icariside II alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting lung epithelial inflammatory and immune responses mediated by neutrophil extracellular traps. Life Sci 2024; 346:122648. [PMID: 38631668 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening lung disease characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and lung epithelial injury. Icariside II (ICS II), one of the main active ingredients of Herba Epimedii, exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, the effect and mechanism of ICS II in ALI remain unclear. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the pharmacological effect and underlying mechanism of ICS II in ALI. MAIN METHODS Models of neutrophil-like cells, human peripheral blood neutrophils, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model were utilized. RT-qPCR and Western blotting determined the gene and protein expression levels. Protein distribution and quantification were analyzed by immunofluorescence. KEY FINDINGS ICS II significantly reduced lung histopathological damage, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration, and it reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in ALI. There is an excessive activation of neutrophils leading to a significant production of NETs in ALI mice, a process mitigated by the administration of ICS II. In vivo and in vitro studies found that ICS II could decrease NET formation by targeting neutrophil C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). Further data showed that ICS II reduces the overproduction of dsDNA, a NETs-related component, thereby suppressing cGAS/STING/NF-κB signalling pathway activation and inflammatory mediators release in lung epithelial cells. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggested that ICS II may alleviate LPS-induced ALI by modulating the inflammatory response, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchun Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yangyue Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ziyi Lu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yihan Sun
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chuyue Zhong
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhanghang Lv
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Haofeng Pan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Chang Yu
- Intervention Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Yilmaz-Oral D, Sezen SF, Turkcan D, Asker H, Kaya-Sezginer E, Kirlangic OF, Kopru CZ, Elci MP, Ozen FZ, Korkusuz P, Oren S, Oztekin CV, Ates I, Gur S. Dual Strategy with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and l-arginine Recovered Cavernosal Functions in a Rat Model of Radical Prostatectomy. Stem Cells Dev 2024; 33:43-53. [PMID: 37847152 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As standard therapy for prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy causes cavernous nerve (CN) injury and increases fibrosis and hypoxia-induced penile structural alterations. This study aimed to determine the potential beneficial effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and l-arginine alone or in combination on the penile erection in a rat model of erectile dysfunction caused by bilateral cavernous nerve transection (CNT). Male rats (n = 35) were randomized into five groups: Sham-operated; CNT (4-weeks); CNT plus ADSCs (1 × 106 cells by intracavernosal injection); CNT plus l-arginine (4 weeks, 10 mg/kg/day, oral); and ADSCs combined with l-arginine in CNT. In vivo erectile responses and in vitro relaxant responses were measured. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to determine the expression and localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, transforming growth factor-beta 1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and apoptosis markers (Bax and Bcl-2). The ratio of smooth muscle to collagen and nerve regeneration were calculated using Masson's trichrome and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase staining. The combined treatment restored diminished erectile responses, endothelium-dependent acetylcholine, and electrical field stimulation-induced relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in rats with CNT, whereas either monotherapy produced only partial improvements. All treatment regimens restored increases in the protein expression of HIF-1 and Bax in rats with CNT. The decrease in smooth muscle mass and NADPH-diaphorase-positive nerve fibers was partially ameliorated by monotherapy, whereas combined therapy led to recovery. These findings indicate that combined treatment with ADSCs and l-arginine may restore erectile function in rats with CNT by inhibiting hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity and preserving endothelium function and smooth muscle content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Yilmaz-Oral
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sena F Sezen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
- Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Damla Turkcan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Heba Asker
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ecem Kaya-Sezginer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Kirlangic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagla Zubeyde Kopru
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Yüksek İhtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mualla Pınar Elci
- Gulhane Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Zeynep Ozen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Oren
- Gulhane Institute of Health Sciences R&D Center, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cetin Volkan Oztekin
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ilker Ates
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Gur
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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He K, Wang J, Zhou Y, Huang Z, Xie N, Li Y, Hu H, Chen Z, He Y, Tang Y. Network pharmacology analysis of Icariside II against bladder cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175914. [PMID: 37460054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
As a global health threat, bladder cancer (BC) is a common urological disease characterized by a high risk of progression and recurrence. Icariside II (ICA-II), a flavonol glycoside, exhibits antitumor ability in various tumors. However, there is no systematic study exploring the pharmacological mechanism of ICA-II in BC. We used public databases to obtain potential targets of ICA-II and related genes in BC. Bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking were used to identify potential targets and signaling pathways. Then, MTT, cell cycle assays and western blot (WB) were used to validate the predicted pathways in bladder cell lines, and in situ bladder cancer models were also established to verify the effect of ICA-II. Our research demonstrated that these ICA-II hub genes were related to the cell cycle. Then, our molecular docking analysis confirmed the interaction between ICA-II and CCNB1. In addition, our in vitro experiment demonstrated that ICA-II restrained the proliferation of BC cells mainly by blocking the cell cycle. WB also verified that ICA-II decreased the expression levels of CCNB1. In situ BC models showed that ICA-II had no hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity and could suppress the growth of in situ BC. In summary, during this study, we found that ICA-II had low toxicity in the kidney and liver. Network pharmacology was used, and both cell and animal experiments verified that ICA-II has a good therapeutic effect on bladder cancer, which may inhibit the proliferation and progression of bladder cancer by blocking the cell cycle of BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kancheng He
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Dong Road, ZhuHai, 519000, China; Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Dong Road, ZhuHai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Yihong Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Dong Road, ZhuHai, 519000, China
| | - Zihao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Dong Road, ZhuHai, 519000, China
| | - Nengqing Xie
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Dong Road, ZhuHai, 519000, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Dong Road, ZhuHai, 519000, China
| | - Huating Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - ZhaoYin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) (LonggangDistrict People's Hospital of Shenzhen), China
| | - Yuanqiao He
- Center of Laboratory Animal Science Nanchang University, No.999,Xuefu Road, Nanchang, 330031, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal, China; Nanchang Royo Biotech Co,. Ltd, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Dong Road, ZhuHai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China.
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Zhang L, Qin X, Lian C, Liu J. Synthesis, evaluation of anti-breast cancer activity in vitro of ICS II derivatives and summary of the structure-activity relationship. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 81:117188. [PMID: 36753987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of Icariside II (ICS II) derivatives were synthesized, and their structure-activity relationships (SARs) were studied in this paper. The in vitro antitumor activities towards human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8 kit). Preliminary results showed that, compared with ICS II, most of the derivatives displayed good micromole level activities. Among the series of derivatives, the S27, which totally acetylated hydroxyl of ICS II, possessed highest cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 0.70 ± 0.08 μM. Furthermore, compound S27 showed better selectivity than ICS II for cancer cells over normal cells. Our findings indicate that compound S27 may be a promising anticancer lead candidate drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Xiao Qin
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Chenlei Lian
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Jieqing Liu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
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Jiang W, Ding K, Yue R, Lei M. Therapeutic effects of icariin and icariside II on diabetes mellitus and its complications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:5852-5877. [PMID: 36591787 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2159317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health issue in the twenty-first century, and there are numerous challenges in preventing and alleviating its chronic complications. The herb Epimedium has beneficial therapeutic effects on various human diseases, including DM. Its major flavonoid component, icariin, has significant anti-DM activity and may help improve pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Furthermore, preclinical evidence has shown that icariin and its in vivo bioactive form, icariside II, have preventive and therapeutic effects on several diabetic complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic vascular endothelial disorder, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic erectile dysfunction. In this review, we present the general and toxicological information concerning icariin and icariside II and review the anti-DM effects of icariin from a molecular perspective. Additionally, we discuss the potential benefits of icariin and icariside II on the important pathological mechanisms of various diabetic complications. Despite positive preclinical evidence, additional investigations are needed before relevant clinical studies can be conducted. Therefore, we conclude with suggestions for future research. Hopefully, this review will provide a comprehensive molecular perspective for future research and product development related to icariin and icariside II in treating DM and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaixi Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Lu Y, Luo Q, Jia X, Tam JP, Yang H, Shen Y, Li X. Multidisciplinary strategies to enhance therapeutic effects of flavonoids from Epimedii Folium: Integration of herbal medicine, enzyme engineering, and nanotechnology. J Pharm Anal 2022; 13:239-254. [PMID: 37102112 PMCID: PMC10123947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids such as baohuoside I and icaritin are the major active compounds in Epimedii Folium (EF) and possess excellent therapeutic effects on various diseases. Encouragingly, in 2022, icaritin soft capsules were approved to reach the market for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. Moreover, recent studies demonstrate that icaritin can serve as immune-modulating agent to exert anti-tumor effects. Nonetheless, both production efficiency and clinical applications of epimedium flavonoids have been restrained because of their low content, poor bioavailability, and unfavorable in vivo delivery efficiency. Recently, various strategies, including enzyme engineering and nanotechnology, have been developed to increase productivity and activity, improve delivery efficiency, and enhance therapeutic effects of epimedium flavonoids. In this review, the structure-activity relationship of epimedium flavonoids is described. Then, enzymatic engineering strategies for increasing the productivity of highly active baohuoside I and icaritin are discussed. The nanomedicines for overcoming in vivo delivery barriers and improving therapeutic effects of various diseases are summarized. Finally, the challenges and an outlook on clinical translation of epimedium flavonoids are proposed.
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Song W, Yuan Y, Tan X, Gu Y, Zeng J, Song W, Xin Z, Fang D, Guan R. Icariside II induces rapid phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via multiple signaling pathways. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14192. [PMID: 36312762 PMCID: PMC9615964 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariside II, as a favonoid compound derived from epimedium, has been proved to involed in a variety of biological and pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporosis, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, and anti-cancer but its mechanism is unclear, especially in terms of its effect on post-transcriptional modification of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Phosphorylation of eNOS plays an important role in the synthesis of nitric oxide in endothelial cells, which is closely related to erectile dysfunction, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and other diseases. Our study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of Icariside II on the rapid phosphorylation of eNOS. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with Icariside II in the presence or absence of multiple inhibitors (1 µM), including LY294002 (PI3K-inhibitor), MK-2206 (AKT-inhibitor), Bisindolylmaleimide X (AMPK-inhibitor), H-89 (CaMKII-inhibitor), KN-62 (PKA-inhibitor), Dorsomorphin (PKC-inhibitor). The proliferation of HUVECs was assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The release of nitric oxide (NO) within HUVECs was detected via fluorescence probe (DAF-FM). Western blot was used to examine the effect of Icariside II on the expression of eNOS, phosphorylation of eNOS, and common signaling pathways proteins. In this study, Icariside II was found to promote the cell proliferation and rapid NO release in HUVECs. The phosphorylation of eNOS-Ser1177 was significantly increased after Icariside II stimulation and reached a peak at 10 min (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495 was significantly decreased after 45 min of stimulation (p < 0.05). Following the intervention with multiple inhibitors, it was found that MK-2206 (AKT inhibitor), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), KN-62 (AMPK inhibitor), and Bisindolylmaleimide X (PKC inhibitor) could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of eNOS-Ser1177 caused by Icariside II (p < 0.05), while MK-2206, LY294002, and Bisindolylmaleimide X reversed the alleviated phosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495. We concluded that Icariside can regulate rapid phosphorylation of eNOS- Ser1177 and eNOS-Thr495 via multiple signaling pathways, resulting in the up-regulation of eNOS and the increased release of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China,Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Yuan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Gu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Zeng
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongcheng Xin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruili Guan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
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Song G, Hu P, Song J, Liu J, Ruan Y. Molecular pathogenesis and treatment of cavernous nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction: A narrative review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1029650. [PMID: 36277218 PMCID: PMC9582663 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1029650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common complication after radical prostatectomy (RP), and it seriously affects the quality of life in patients and their partners. The primary trigger of postoperative ED is surgical injury to the cavernous nerves that control penile erection and run along the anterolateral aspect of the prostate. Despite the introduction and ongoing innovation of nerve-sparing techniques, a significant number of patients still suffer from moderate cavernous nerve injury (CNI), which is thought to be transient and reversible. Therefore, early postoperative penile rehabilitation therapy may salvage patients’ erectile function by promoting cavernous nerve regeneration and preventing penile structural alterations.Aims: To present a comprehensive overview of the current molecular pathogenesis of CNI-induced ED, as well as novel therapeutic strategies and their potential mechanisms.Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed. Search terms included erectile dysfunction, cavernous nerve injury, pathogenesis, pathway, and treatment.Results: The NOS/NO pathway, oxidative stress-related pathway, RhoA/ROCK pathway, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), sonic hedgehog (Shh), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of CNI-induced ED. Multiple neurotrophins, including brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and neurturin (NTN), were found to promote cavernous nerve regeneration. Emerging therapeutic approaches can be roughly summarized into four categories, namely small molecule and drug, stem cell-based therapy (SCT), micro-energy therapy and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy.Conclusion: These pathways collectively lead to the irreversible damage to the penile structure after CNI. The combined early rehabilitation strategies of promoting upstream nerve regeneration and recovering abnormal molecular signals of downstream penis are presumed to save patients’ erectile function after RP. In future studies, the cross-talk between these molecular pathways needs to be further clarified, and the questions of how denervation injury induces the molecular alterations in the penis also need to be addressed.
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顾 阳, 谭 晓, 宋 文, 方 冬, 宋 卫, 袁 亦, 冯 宁, 关 瑞. [Effects of 4'-O-methylochnaflavone on endothelial dysfunction induced by palmitic acid in rat cavernous endothelial cells]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54:599-604. [PMID: 35950380 PMCID: PMC9385526 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of biflavonoid 4'-O-methylochnaflavone (MF) on palmitic acid-induced endothelial dysfunction in rat cavernous endothelial cells (RCECs). METHODS The isolated RCECs were commercially available and randomly divided into four groups: normal+BSA group (NC group), palmitic acid (PA) group, MF group, and icariside Ⅱ (ICA Ⅱ) group. The protein expression levels of protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in each group were evaluated via Western blotting. The differences in the intracellular nitric oxide of RCECs treated by MF or ICA Ⅱ were detected by DAF-FM DA that served as a nitric oxide fluorescent probe. Effects of MF and ICA Ⅱ on cell proliferation of PA-stimulated RCECs were determined via CCK-8 assay. RESULTS The content of nitric oxide in RCECs was significantly increased after the treatment of MF and ICA Ⅱ in comparison with the NC group (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with ICA Ⅱ group, MF demonstrated a more obvious effect in promoting nitric oxide production (P < 0.05). Compared with the NC group, the expression levels of eNOS and AKT in the PA group were significantly decreased, indicating that a model for simulating the high-fat environment in vitro was successfully constructed (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intervention of MF and ICA Ⅱ could effectively increase the expression of eNOS and AKT, suggesting that MF and ICA Ⅱ could promote the recovery of endothelial dysfunction caused by high levels of free fatty acids (P < 0.05). The results of CCK-8 assays showed that PA could significantly reduce the proli-feration ability of RCECs (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the decreased cell viability induced by PA was significantly elevated by treatment with ICA Ⅱ and MF (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In RCECs, MF and ICA Ⅱ could effectively increase the content of nitric oxide. The down-regulation of the expression of proteins associated with the AKT/eNOS pathway after PA treatment revealed that this pathway was involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction, which could be effectively reversed by MF and ICA Ⅱ. In addition, the cell proliferation ability was significantly decreased following PA treatment, but MF and ICA Ⅱ could restore the above changes. Overall, biflavonoid MF has an obvious repairing effect on PA-stimulated endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- 阳阳 顾
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
| | - 晓辉 谭
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
| | - 文鹏 宋
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
| | - 冬 方
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
| | - 卫东 宋
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
| | - 亦铭 袁
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
| | - 宁翰 冯
- 南京医科大学附属无锡第二医院泌尿外科,江苏无锡 214002Department of Urology, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - 瑞礼 关
- 北京大学第一医院泌尿外科,北京大学泌尿外科研究所,北京 100034Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University; Beijing 100034, China
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10
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Niu Y, Lin G, Pan J, Liu J, Xu Y, Cai Q, Wang T, Luan Y, Chen Y, Feng Y, Yang X, Tian W, Bae WJ, Guan R, Xin Z. Deciphering the myth of icariin and synthetic derivatives in improving erectile function from a molecular biology perspective: a narrative review. Transl Androl Urol 2022; 11:1007-1022. [PMID: 35958901 PMCID: PMC9360520 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Although epimedium herb (EH) has been widely used in ancient Chinese medicine to enhance sexual activity, its pharmacological mechanism is not clear. Modern studies have shown that epimedium herb is rich in icariin (ICA, a flavonoid compound), and 91.2% of icariin is converted to icariside II (ICA II) by hydrolytic enzymes in intestinal bacteria after oral administration. YS-10 is a synthetic derivative of icariside II. The aim of this review was to summarize the contemporary evidence regarding the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic properties, and molecular biological mechanisms of ICA and some ICA derivatives for erectile dysfunction therapy. Methods A detailed search was conducted in the PubMed database using keywords and phrases, such as “icariin” AND “erectile dysfunction”, “icariside II” AND “erectile dysfunction”. The publication time is limited to last 20 years. Articles had to be published in peer reviewed journals. Key Content and Findings ICA and its some derivatives showed the specific inhibition on phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) and the promotion of testosterone synthesis. In addition, by regulating various reliable evidence of signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, TGFβ1/Smad2, p38/MAPK, Wnt and secretion of various cytokines, ICA and ICA derivatives can activate endogenous stem cells (ESCs) leading to endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell proliferation, nerve regeneration and fibrosis inhibition, repair pathological changes in penile tissue and improve erectile function. Conclusions ICA and some of its derivatives could be a potential treatment for restoring spontaneous erections. In addition ICA and his derivatives may also be valuable as a regenerative medicine approach for other diseases, but more clinical and basic researches with high quality and large samples are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,China-Korea Joint Research Center for Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Guiting Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiancheng Pan
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,China-Korea Joint Research Center for Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongde Xu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,China-Korea Joint Research Center for Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Luan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yegang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,China-Korea Joint Research Center for Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Feng
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,China-Korea Joint Research Center for Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- China-Korea Joint Research Center for Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjie Tian
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wong Jin Bae
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ruili Guan
- Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongcheng Xin
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,China-Korea Joint Research Center for Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.,Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Wei Z, Liu S, Sun J, Mao Y, Xu Y, Yang Y. A flavonoid derivative of icariside II (YS-10) improves erectile dysfunction in radiation-injured rats via oxidative stress pathway. Transl Androl Urol 2022; 11:832-841. [PMID: 35812197 PMCID: PMC9262736 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We explored the preventive effect and mechanism of YS-10, a novel synthesized flavonoid derivative based on the structure of icariside II (ICA II), on a rat model of radiation-induced erectile-dysfunction (Ri-ED). Methods Eighteen 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Six rats were used as the control group (Control), and the remaining 12 were given a single X-ray irradiation of 20 Gy in the prostate and then randomly divided into the radiation injury group (Ri-ED group) and YS-10 treatment group (Ri-ED+YS-10, 2.5 mg/kg/day). After 4 weeks of drug administration and a 2-week drug washout period in the YS-10 treatment group, the erectile function of the animals was evaluated, and the tissues were collected for histopathological analysis and detection of oxidative stress indicators. Results After radiation injury, the ratio of maximum intracavernosal pressure (ICP) to mean arterial pressure (MAP), the number of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (n-NOS) positive nerve fibers in the penis cavernosa, endothelial cell content, and n-NOS and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) proteins in the Ri-ED group were significantly lower than those in control group. Compared with the control group, the Ri-ED group had lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Compared with the Ri-ED group, the YS-10 group had a significant increase in the ratio of ICP/MAP in the corpus cavernosum (0.59±0.06 vs. 0.43±0.06, P<0.01), the number of n-NOS positive nerve fibers, and the content of endothelial cells. The protein content of n-NOS and e-NOS in the corpus cavernosum increased and could significantly reduce the level of MDA (2.67±0.27 vs. 3.25±0.21, P<0.05). Conclusions As a novel ICA II derivative, YS-10 could significantly improve the erectile dysfunction and pathological damage in rats caused by radiation injury, and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of radiation-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhitao Wei
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shukun Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jilei Sun
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yinhui Mao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yongde Xu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Wang J, Song J, Song G, Feng Y, Pan J, Yang X, Xin Z, Hu P, Sun T, Liu K, Xu W, Wang T, Wang S, Liu J, Ruan Y. Acetyl-L-carnitine improves erectile function in bilateral cavernous nerve injury rats via promoting cavernous nerve regeneration. Andrology 2022; 10:984-996. [PMID: 35420721 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenic erectile dysfunction (NED) caused by cavernous nerve (CN) injury is a typical complication after pelvic surgery, which lacks efficient treatments. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) has been proven to promote nerve repair. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of ALCAR in the treatment of NED. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) group, BCNI + lower-dose ALCAR (50 mg/kg/day) group, BCNI + higher-dose (100 mg/kg/day) group and sham-operated group. Erectile function was assessed 14 days after daily intraperitoneal injection of ALCAR or placebo. The penile tissues were gathered for subsequent histological and molecular biological analysis. Rat Schwann cell (SC) line S16 was used to verify the mechanism of ALCAR in vitro. RESULTS We found that the erectile function of the rats in BCNI group was severely impaired, which was improved considerably in both BCNI+ALCAR-LD and BCNI+ALCAR-HD groups. Also, we observed decreased smooth muscle and increased collagen content in corpus cavernosum in BCNI group. The expressions of fibrosis markers TGF-β, CTGF, and Smad 2/3 were significantly up-regulated in the BCNI group. The above changes were alleviated after the administration of lower and higher-dose ALCAR. Meanwhile, the NO/cGMP pathway was promoted and the RhoA/ROCK pathway was inhibited in the corpus cavernosum of BCNI rats after ALCAR treatment, accompanied by increased nNOS and down-regulated Tyrosine Hydroxylase. In vitro, ALCAR promoted the migration and proliferation of SC, and increased the expression of Pmp22 and NGF. Further, rats treated with ALCAR had high expression of ATF3 and S100 in the distal nerve tissues of the CN extrusion site. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ALCAR could promote nerve repair and regeneration, inhibit penile fibrosis and improve penile erection by promoting the proliferation and migration of SC and the secretion of NGF. Our study confirms that ALCAR may be a potential treatment strategy for NED. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyu Song
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoda Song
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhong Feng
- Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiancheng Pan
- Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongcheng Xin
- Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,China-Korea Joint Research Center for Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Taotao Sun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenchao Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun Ruan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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