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Koh JS, Hung OY, Eshtehardi P, Kumar A, Rabah R, Raad M, Kumar S, Chaudhry S, Gupta S, Hosseini H, Brilakis E, Corban M, Sabbak N, Burnett GM, Liu C, Mehta PK, Quyyumi AA, Samady H. Microvascular Assessment of Ranolazine in Non-Obstructive Atherosclerosis: The MARINA Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Pilot Trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 13:e008204. [PMID: 33272036 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.119.008204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular dysfunction is known to play a key role in patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease. We investigated the impact of ranolazine among patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease. METHODS In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot trial, 26 patients with angina once weekly or more, abnormal stress test, and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (<50% stenosis by angiography and fractional flow reserve >0.80) were randomized 1:1 to ranolazine or placebo for 12 weeks. Primary end point was ΔSeattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) angina frequency score. Baseline and 3 months follow-up SAQ, Duke Activity Status Index scores along with invasive fractional flow reserve, coronary flow reserve (CFR), hyperemic myocardial resistance, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing measurements were performed. RESULTS No significant differences in ΔSAQ angina frequency scores (P=0.53) or Duke Activity Status Index (P=0.76) were observed between ranolazine versus placebo, although patients on ranolazine had lesser improvement in SAQ physical limitation scores (P=0.02) compared with placebo at 3 months. There were no significant differences in ΔCFR or Δhyperemic myocardial resistance between ranolazine and placebo groups. Patients treated with ranolazine, compared with placebo, had no significant improvement in maximum rate of oxygen consumption measured during incremental exercise (VO2 max) and peak metabolic equivalents of task. Interestingly, in the ranolazine group, patients with baseline CFR<2.0 demonstrated greater gain in CFR compared with those with baseline CFR≥2.0 (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Ranolazine did not demonstrate improvement in SAQ angina frequency score, invasive microvascular function, or peak metabolic equivalent compared with placebo at 3 months. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02147067.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sin Koh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea (J.-S.K.).,Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
| | - Olivia Y Hung
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
| | - Parham Eshtehardi
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
| | - Arnav Kumar
- Interventional Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.K.)
| | | | - Mohamad Raad
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
| | - Sonali Kumar
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
| | | | - Sonu Gupta
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
| | | | - Michel Corban
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN (M.C.)
| | - Nabil Sabbak
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
| | - Grady Murphy Burnett
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
| | - Chang Liu
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
| | - Puja K Mehta
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
| | - Habib Samady
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (J.-S.K., O.Y.H., P.E., R.R., M.R., S.K., S.G., H.H., N.S., G.M.B., C.L., P.K.M., A.A.Q., H.S.)
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Horváth B, Hézső T, Kiss D, Kistamás K, Magyar J, Nánási PP, Bányász T. Late Sodium Current Inhibitors as Potential Antiarrhythmic Agents. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:413. [PMID: 32372952 PMCID: PMC7184885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on recent findings, an increased late sodium current (INa,late) plays an important pathophysiological role in cardiac diseases, including rhythm disorders. The article first describes what is INa,late and how it functions under physiological circumstances. Next, it shows the wide range of cellular mechanisms that can contribute to an increased INa,late in heart diseases, and also discusses how the upregulated INa,late can play a role in the generation of cardiac arrhythmias. The last part of the article is about INa,late inhibiting drugs as potential antiarrhythmic agents, based on experimental and preclinical data as well as in the light of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Hézső
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dénes Kiss
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kornél Kistamás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Magyar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Sport Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter P. Nánási
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Dental Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bányász
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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7
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Evaristo E, Stocco FG, Shah NR, Cheezum MK, Hainer J, Foster C, Nearing BD, Di Carli M, Verrier RL. Ranolazine reduces repolarization heterogeneity in symptomatic patients with diabetes and non-flow-limiting coronary artery stenosis. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2017; 23. [PMID: 28653394 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence suggests that ranolazine decreases susceptibility to ischemia-induced arrhythmias independent of effects on coronary artery blood flow. OBJECTIVE In symptomatic diabetic patients with non-flow-limiting coronary artery stenosis with diffuse atherosclerosis and/or microvascular dysfunction, we explored whether ranolazine reduces T-wave heterogeneity (TWH), an electrocardiographic (ECG) marker of arrhythmogenic repolarization abnormalities shown to predict sudden cardiac death. METHODS We studied all 16 patients with analyzable ECG recordings during rest and exercise tolerance testing before and after 4 weeks of ranolazine in the double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled RAND-CFR trial (NCT01754259). TWH was quantified without knowledge of treatment assignment by second central moment analysis, which assesses the interlead splay of T waves in precordial leads about a mean waveform. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured by positron emission tomography. RESULTS At baseline, prior to randomization, TWH during rest was 54 ± 7 μV and was not altered following placebo (47 ± 6 μV, p = .47) but was reduced by 28% (to 39 ± 5 μV, p = .002) after ranolazine. Ranolazine did not increase MBF at rest. Exercise increased TWH after placebo by 49% (to 70 ± 8 μV, p = .03). Ranolazine did not reduce TWH during exercise (to 75 ± 16 μV), and there were no differences among the groups (p = .95, ANOVA). TWH was not correlated with MBF at rest before (r2 = .07, p = .36) or after ranolazine (r2 = .23, p = .06). CONCLUSIONS In symptomatic diabetic patients with non-flow-limiting coronary artery stenosis with diffuse atherosclerosis and/or microvascular dysfunction, ranolazine reduced TWH at rest but not during exercise. Reduction in repolarization abnormalities appears to be independent of alterations in MBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederson Evaristo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando G Stocco
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nishant R Shah
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael K Cheezum
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon Hainer
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bruce D Nearing
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Di Carli
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard L Verrier
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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