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Wakabayashi Y, Uesako H, Kobayashi M, Ichikawa T, Koyama T, Abe H. P-wave terminal force is related to left pulmonary vein reconnection in patients with atrial fibrillation recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation. Heart Vessels 2024:10.1007/s00380-024-02472-9. [PMID: 39348036 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-024-02472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after pulmonary vein (PV) isolation, noninvasive markers predicting PV reconnection or PV reconnection sites have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the relationship between the P-wave terminal force in lead V1 (PTFV1) and the PV reconnection or reconnection site in patients with AF recurrence. We retrospectively studied consecutive patients who underwent second AF ablation between April 1, 2018, and June 1, 2023. PTFV1 was investigated before the first AF ablation (pre-ablation PTFV1) and before the second AF ablation (post-ablation PTFV1). In addition, we examined the ratio of the post-ablation to pre-ablation PTFV1 (PTFV1 ratio). These values were compared between patients with and without PV reconnection, with and without left PV (LPV) reconnection, and with and without right PV (RPV) reconnection. The analysis included 56 patients. PTFV1 was reduced because of the first AF ablation. In addition, the values were more decreased in patients without PV reconnection than with PV reconnection. The PTFV1 ratio was significantly smaller in the patients without LPV reconnection than with LPV reconnection; no significant difference was observed between the patients with and without RPV reconnection. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a PTFV1 ratio > 0.69 predicted LPV reconnection with 70.0% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity. In conclusion, the PTFV1 ratio may be a noninvasive marker predicting LPV reconnection in patients with AF recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Wakabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Matsumoto Kyoritsu Hospital, 9-26 Habaue, Matsumoto City, Nagano, 390-8505, Japan.
| | - Hayata Uesako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Matsumoto Kyoritsu Hospital, 9-26 Habaue, Matsumoto City, Nagano, 390-8505, Japan
| | - Masanori Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Matsumoto Kyoritsu Hospital, 9-26 Habaue, Matsumoto City, Nagano, 390-8505, Japan
| | - Tomohide Ichikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Matsumoto Kyoritsu Hospital, 9-26 Habaue, Matsumoto City, Nagano, 390-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Matsumoto Kyoritsu Hospital, 9-26 Habaue, Matsumoto City, Nagano, 390-8505, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Matsumoto Kyoritsu Hospital, 9-26 Habaue, Matsumoto City, Nagano, 390-8505, Japan
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Antoun I, Li X, Kotb AI, Vali Z, Abdelrazik A, Koya A, Mavilakandy A, Koev I, Nizam A, Eldeeb H, Somani R, Ng A. The Role of P Wave Parameters in Predicting Pulmonary Vein Isolation Outcomes for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: An Observational Cohort Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:277. [PMID: 39330335 PMCID: PMC11431974 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11090277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an effective management method for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). The P wave in the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) represents atrial depolarisation. This study aims to utilise the P wave to predict PVI outcomes for PAF. METHODS This single-centre retrospective study aimed to predict PVI outcomes using P wave parameters. It included 211 consecutive patients with first PVI for PAF between 2018 and 2019 and targeted the pulmonary veins (PVs). Procedure success was defined by freedom of ECG-documented AF at 12 months. Digital 12-lead ECGs with 1-50 hertz bandpass filters were monitored before the procedure. Corrected P wave duration (PWDc), P wave amplitude (PWV), P wave dispersion (PWDisp), intra-atrial block (IAB), P wave area (PWA), and P wave terminal force in V1 (PTFV1) were measured before ablation and correlated with the outcomes. RESULTS Successful PVI occurred in 154 patients (73%). Demographics were similar between both arms. P wave parameters correlated with PVI failure included increased PWDc in all leads except for lead III, aVR, and V3, decreased PWV in lead I (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53-0.95), lead II (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22-0.65), aVL (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.22-0.98), and aVF (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.87), decreased PWA in lead I (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.21-0.76), lead II (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34-0.87), aVL (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.96), and aVF (HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.32-0.89), and the presence of IAB (HR: 2, 95% CI: 1.4-4.2, p = 0.02). PWDisp and PTFV1 were not correlated with PVI outcome. CONCLUSIONS PWDc, PWA, PWV, and IAB are valuable predictors for PVI outcome for PAF at 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Antoun
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Ahmed I Kotb
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Zakkariya Vali
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Ahmed Abdelrazik
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Abdulmalik Koya
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Akash Mavilakandy
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Ivelin Koev
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Ali Nizam
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Hany Eldeeb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Riyaz Somani
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - André Ng
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- National Institute for Health Biomedical Centre, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
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Yanagisawa S, Inden Y, Murohara T. Editorial to "Notched P-wave on digital electrocardiogram predicts the recurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients who have undergone catheter ablation". J Arrhythm 2024; 40:790-791. [PMID: 39139892 PMCID: PMC11317692 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yanagisawa
- Department of CardiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular TherapeuticsNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yasuya Inden
- Department of CardiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of CardiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
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Okuyama T, Kabutoya T, Kario K. Notched P-wave on digital electrocardiogram predicts the recurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients who have undergone catheter ablation. J Arrhythm 2024; 40:472-478. [PMID: 38939783 PMCID: PMC11199840 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A notched P-wave is associated with the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the association between a notched P-wave and AF recurrence in patients who have undergone a catheter ablation for AF is unclear. Methods We enrolled 100 subjects who underwent catheter ablation for AF (paroxysmal AF: 60 cases; persistent AF: 40 cases). Twelve-lead electrocardiography (ECG) was conducted, and the peak-to-peak distance in the M shape was calculated automatically using a 12-lead ECG analysis system. A notched P-wave was defined as a P-wave with an M-shape and a peak-to-peak distance of ≥20 ms in lead II. We compared the recurrence of AF in the patients with notched P-wave and the others. Results The mean follow-up period was 12 ± 8 months, and a recurrence of AF was observed in 28 patients. The recurrence of AF in the notched P-wave group was significantly higher than that in the controls (log rank 5.14, p = .023). A notched P-wave was a significant predictor of the recurrence of AF after adjustment for age, gender, history of heart failure, history of catheter ablation, persistent AF, use of antiarrhythmic drugs, and the left atrial volume index (hazard ratio 2.470, 95% confidence interval 1.065-5.728, p = .035). Conclusions Automatically identified notched P-waves with peak-to-peak distance ≥20 ms were associated with AF recurrence in patients who had undergone catheter ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Okuyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineJichi Medical University School of MedicineTochigiJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Kabutoya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineJichi Medical University School of MedicineTochigiJapan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineJichi Medical University School of MedicineTochigiJapan
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Intelligent Algorithm-Based Electrocardiography to Predict Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in the Elderly. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4596552. [PMID: 35309845 PMCID: PMC8926521 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4596552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the predictive value of electrocardiogram (ECG) based on intelligent analysis algorithm for atrial fibrillation (AF) in elderly patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Specifically, 106 elderly patients with coronary heart disease who underwent CABG in the hospital were selected, including 52 patients with postoperative AF (AF group) and 54 patients without arrhythmia (control group). Within 1-3 weeks after operation, the dynamic ECG monitoring system based on Gentle AdaBoost algorithm constructed in this study was adopted. After the measurement of the 12-lead P wave duration, the maximum P wave duration (Pmax) and minimum P wave duration (Pmin) were recorded. As for simulation experiments, the same data was used as the back-propagation algorithm. The results showed that for the detection accuracy of the test samples, the Gentle AdaBoost algorithm showed 93.7% accuracy after the first iteration, and the Gentle AdaBoost algorithm was 16.1% higher than the back-propagation algorithm. Compared with the control group, the detection rate of arrhythmia in patients after CABG was significantly lower (
). Bivariate logistic regression analysis on Pmax and Pmin showed as follows: Pmax: 95% confidential interval (CI): 1.024-1.081,
; Pmin: 95% CI: 1.036-1.117,
. The sensitivity of Pmax and Pmin in predicting paroxysmal AF was 78.2% and 73.4%, respectively; the specificity of them was 80.1% and 85.6%, respectively; the positive predictive value was 81.2% and 83.4%, respectively; and the negative predictive value was 79.5% and 75.3%, respectively. In conclusion, the generalization ability of Gentle AdaBoost algorithm was better than that of back-propagation algorithm, and it can identify arrhythmia better. Pmax and Pmin were important indicators of AF after CABG.
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Li Q, Su B, Liu J. Diagnostic values of different ECG durations in paroxysmal AF diagnosis. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2021; 27:e12921. [PMID: 34913221 PMCID: PMC8916583 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the application value of different-duration electrocardiograms (ECGs) in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosis. METHODS A total of 220 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation diagnosed by 24-h dynamic electrocardiogram in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were monitored for 10 s, 5 min, and 24 hr, respectively. The results of the three different-duration ECGs were compared and analyzed in order to evaluate their paroxysmal AF diagnosis value. RESULTS Paroxysmal AF was detected in 18 patients (8.2%) with the 10-s ECG; in 89 patients (40.5%) with the 5-min ECG; and in 199 patients (90.5%) with the 24-h dynamic ECG. CONCLUSION In patients with paroxysmal AF, ECGs with longer detection times had higher detection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, China
| | - Bing Su
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, China
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Long P-wave duration immediately after pulmonary vein isolation on radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation predicts clinical recurrence: correlation with atrial remodeling in persistent atrial fibrillation. Heart Vessels 2021; 37:476-488. [PMID: 34432100 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-021-01932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
P-wave morphology reflects atrial remodeling and indicates prognosis after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation (AF). The impact of p-wave morphology after excluding the effect of pulmonary vein (PV) substrate on outcomes is unknown. We evaluated the p-wave morphology on electrocardiography immediately after PV isolation for clinical outcomes. Eighty-four consecutive patients (47 with paroxysmal AF and 37 with persistent AF) who underwent RFCA were included. P-wave duration (PWD) and amplitude in all leads were examined during sinus rhythm immediately after PV isolation. We evaluated the relationship between electrocardiogram parameters and AF recurrence, according to the type of AF and following ablation, and the correlation with left atrial (LA) volume, low voltage ratio, and fixed conduction time. During 12 months of follow-up, 20 patients experienced recurrence. The cut-off value of PWD > 120 ms in lead I showed a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 69% for predicting recurrence. PWD was significantly correlated with LA volume, low voltage, and conduction velocity. Significantly higher recurrence rates were observed in patients with PWD > 120 ms than in those with PWD ≤ 120 ms (p < 0.001), and the difference was more pronounced in patients with persistent AF. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PWD > 120 ms was independently associated with recurrence in the total population (hazard ratio 2.00; 95% confidence interval 1.27-3.22; p = 0.003) and in patients with persistent AF. In conclusion, long PWD after PV isolation predicts AF recurrence, which might be associated with the extent of the LA substrate in persistent AF.
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Palano F, Adduci C, Cosentino P, Silvetti G, Boldini F, Francia P. Assessing Atrial Fibrillation Substrates by P Wave Analysis: A Comprehensive Review. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:341-347. [PMID: 32451990 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic rhythm control strategies impact on AF-related symptoms, while leaving largely unaffected the risk of stroke. Moreover, up to 20% of AF patients are asymptomatic during paroxysmal relapses of arrhythmia, thus underlying the need for early markers to identify at-risk patients and prevent cerebrovascular accidents. Indeed, non-invasive assessment of pre-clinical substrate changes that predispose to AF could provide early identification of at-risk patients and allow for tailored care paths. ECG-derived P wave analysis is a simple-to-use and inexpensive tool that has been successfully employed to detect AF-associated structural and functional atrial changes. Beyond standard electrocardiographic techniques, high resolution signal averaged electrocardiography (SAECG), by recording microvolt amplitude atrial signals, allows more accurate analysis of the P wave and possibly AF risk stratification. This review focuses on the evidence that support P wave analysis to assess AF substrates, predict arrhythmia relapses and guide rhythm-control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmen Adduci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Cosentino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Silvetti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Boldini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Francia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
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Yanagisawa S, Inden Y, Okamoto H, Fujii A, Sakamoto Y, Mamiya K, Tomomatsu T, Shibata R, Murohara T. Electrocardiogram characteristics of P wave associated with successful pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Significance of changes in P-wave duration and notched P wave. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2019; 25:e12712. [PMID: 31566884 PMCID: PMC7358886 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms involved in changes in P wave following catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) are uncertain. This study aimed to assess the relationship between changes in P‐wave morphology and pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection following ablation by the assessment of 12‐lead surface electrocardiogram and signal‐averaged electrocardiogram. Methods This retrospective study included 115 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF that underwent repeat ablation for recurrence following initial ablation. We investigated changes in P‐wave morphology between baseline and repeat procedure in patients with and without PV reconnection. The study also included as validation group without recurrence (n = 67) following initial ablation. Results The maximum P‐wave duration (PWD) was significantly decreased from baseline to just after the procedure in all groups. However, for the PV reconnection group (n = 100), the maximum PWD was significantly increased again at the repeat procedure. In contrast, the maximum PWD was significantly reduced between baseline and repeat procedure in the non‐PV reconnection group (n = 15). The signal‐averaged PWD was significantly decreased from baseline to repeat procedure in the non‐PV reconnection group, but, conversely, was increased in the PV reconnection group. In the non‐PV reconnection group, the disappearance of notched P wave was detected in 8 of 15 patients (53%), which was significantly higher than in other groups (p = .001). A new or delayed notched P wave was identified in the PV reconnection group only. These results were confirmed in the validation group. Conclusions The reverse dynamics of PWD after initial shortening directly following ablation were significantly associated with PV reconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yanagisawa
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuya Inden
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroya Okamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Fujii
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keita Mamiya
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiro Tomomatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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