1
|
Hong Z, Gou W, Lu Y, Wu X, Sheng Y, Cui B, Bai X, Jin D, Gou Y. Efficacy of modified thoraco-laparoscopic Ivor-Lewis versus traditional thoraco-laparoscopic Ivor-Lewis for esophageal cancer: Propensity score-matched analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1076014. [PMID: 36733352 PMCID: PMC9886890 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1076014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the clinical results of the modified Ivor-Lewis procedure, which preserves the azygous vein, thoracic duct and surrounding tissues, with the traditional Ivor-Lewis procedure, which removes these tissues, for treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and evaluating whether the azygous vein, thoracic duct and surrounding tissues are required to be removed for the surgery of esophageal cancer. Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of patients suffering from esophageal cancer treated by thoracic-laparoscopic Ivor-Lewis procedure admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital from September 2017 to September 2019. According to the surgical method, they were divided into the modified thoracolaparoscopic Ivor-Lewis (modified group) and the traditional thoracolaparoscopic Ivor-Lewis (traditional group). Propensity score matching analysis (PSM) was applied to reduce the selection bias of confounding factors. Results A total of 245 patients who suffered from esophageal cancer and underwent thoracic-laparoscopic Ivor-Lewis were enrolled in the study. There were 124 cases in the modified group and 121 cases in the traditional group. The discrepancies in the age and T-stage among patients in the traditional and modified groups were statistically significant. After PSM, the above-mentioned factors became statistically insignificant. There were 86 patients in each group after PSM. Compared with the traditional group, the modified group has shorter operative time (p=0.007), less intraoperative bleeding (p=0.003) and less postoperative 3 days chest drainage(p=0.001), with a statistically significant difference. No significant difference in local recurrence (p=0.721) and distant metastasis (p=0.742) after surgery were found in the two groups, and the difference was not statistically significant. There was also no statistically significant difference in the 3-year postoperative survival rate (44.2% vs. 41.9%, p=0.605) between the modified and traditional groups. Conclusion The modified Ivor-Lewis procedure, which preserves the azygous vein, thoracic duct, and surrounding tissue, reduces surgical trauma in esophageal cancer, has not increased postoperative recurrent metastases, while achieved the same long-term outcomes as expanded surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqaing Hong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxi Gou
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yannan Sheng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baiqiang Cui
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangdou Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dacheng Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunjiu Gou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yunjiu Gou,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schlottmann F, Angeramo CA, Bras Harriott C, Casas MA, Herbella FAM, Patti MG. Transthoracic Esophagectomy: Hand-sewn Versus Side-to-side Linear-stapled Versus Circular-stapled Anastomosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2022; 32:380-392. [PMID: 35583556 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three anastomotic techniques are mostly used to create an esophagogastric anastomosis in a transthoracic esophagectomy: hand-sewn (HS), side-to-side linear-stapled (SSLS), and circular-stapled (CS). The aim of this study was to compare surgical outcomes after HS, SSLS, and CS intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review using the MEDLINE database was performed to identify original articles analyzing outcomes after HS, SSLS, and CS esophagogastric anastomosis. The main outcome was an anastomotic leakage rate. Secondary outcomes included overall morbidity, major morbidity, and mortality. A meta-analysis of proportions and linear regression models were used to assess the effect of each anastomotic technique on the different outcomes. RESULTS A total of 101 studies comprising 12,595 patients were included; 8835 (70.1%) with CS, 2532 (20.1%) with HS, and 1228 (9.8%) with SSLS anastomosis. Anastomotic leak occurred in 10% [95% confidence interval (CI), 6%-15%], 9% (95% CI, 6%-13%), and 6% (95% CI, 5%-7%) of patients after HS, SSLS, and CS anastomosis, respectively. Risk of anastomotic leakage was significantly higher with HS anastomosis (odds ratio=1.73, 95% CI: 1.47-2.03, P<0.0001) and SSLS (odds ratio=1.68, 95% CI: 1.36-2.08, P<0.0001), as compared with CS. Overall morbidity (HS: 52% vs. SLSS: 39% vs. CS: 35%) and major morbidity (HS: 33% vs. CS: 19%) rates were significantly lower with CS anastomosis. Mortality rate was 4% (95% CI, 3%-6%), 2% (95% CI, 2%-3%), and 3% (95% CI, 3%-4%) after HS, SSLS, and CS anastomosis, respectively. CONCLUSION HS and SSLS intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomoses are associated with significantly higher rates of an anastomotic leak than CS anastomosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Schlottmann
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Cristian A Angeramo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María A Casas
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Marco G Patti
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Casas MA, Angeramo CA, Bras Harriott C, Dreifuss NH, Schlottmann F. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging for prevention of anastomotic leak in totally minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Esophagus 2022; 35:6347566. [PMID: 34378016 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging is an emerging technology that might help decreasing anastomotic leakage (AL) rates. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of ICG fluorescence imaging for the prevention of AL after minimally invasive esophagectomy with intrathoracic anastomosis. METHODS A systematic literature review of the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases was performed to identify all articles on totally minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Studies were then divided into two groups based on the use or not of ICG for perfusion assessment. Primary outcome was anastomotic leak. Secondary outcomes included operative time, ICG-related adverse reactions, and mortality rate. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the overall weighted proportion and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for main outcomes. RESULTS A total of 3,171 patients were included for analysis: 381 (12%) with intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging and 2,790 (88%) without ICG. Mean patients' age and proportion of males were similar between groups. Mean operative time was also similar between both groups (ICG: 354.8 vs. No-ICG: 354.1 minutes, P = 0.52). Mean ICG dose was 12 mg (5-21 mg). No ICG-related adverse reactions were reported. AL rate was 9% (95% CI, 5-17%) and 9% (95% CI, 7-12%) in the ICG and No-ICG groups, respectively. The risk of AL was similar between groups (odds ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.53-1.28, P = 0.45). Mortality was 3% (95% CI, 1-9%) in patients with ICG and 2% (95% CI, 2-3%) in those without ICG. Median length of hospital stay was also similar between groups (ICG: 13.6 vs. No-ICG: 11.2 days, P = 0.29). CONCLUSION The use of ICG fluorescence imaging for perfusion assessment does not seem to reduce AL rates in patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy with intrathoracic anastomosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María A Casas
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Angeramo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Nicolás H Dreifuss
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Schlottmann
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Division of Esophageal and Gastric Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harriott CB, Angeramo CA, Casas MA, Schlottmann F. Open vs. Hybrid vs. Totally Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 164:e233-e254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
5
|
Casas MA, Angeramo CA, Bras Harriott C, Schlottmann F. Surgical outcomes after totally minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 48:473-481. [PMID: 34955315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A transthoracic esophagectomy is associated with high rates of morbidity. Minimally invasive esophagectomy has emerged to decrease such morbidity. The aim of this study was to accurately determine surgical outcomes after totally minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy (TMIE). METHODS A systematic literature search was performed to identify original articles analyzing patients who underwent TMIE. Main outcomes included overall morbidity, major morbidity, pneumonia, arrhythmia, anastomotic leak, chyle leak, and mortality. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the overall weighted proportion and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for each analyzed outcome. RESULTS A total of 5619 patients were included for analysis; 4781 (85.1%) underwent a laparoscopic/thoracoscopic esophagectomy and 838 (14.9%) a robotic-assisted esophagectomy. Mean age of patients was 63.5 (55-67) years and 75.8% were male. Overall morbidity and major morbidity rates were 39% (95% CI, 33%-45%) and 20% (95% CI, 13%-28%), respectively. Postoperative pneumonia and arrhythmia rates were 10% (95% CI, 8%-13%) and 12% (95% CI, 8%-17%), respectively. Anastomotic leak rate across studies was 8% (95% CI, 6%-10%). Chyle leak rate was 3% (95% CI, 2%-5%). Mortality rate was 2% (95% CI, 2%-2%). Median ICU stay and length of hospital stay were 2 (1-4) and 11.2 (7-20) days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Totally minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy is a challenging procedure with high morbidity rates. Strategies to enhance postoperative outcomes after this operation are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María A Casas
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murakami K, Yoshida M, Uesato M, Toyozumi T, Isozaki T, Urahama R, Kano M, Matsumoto Y, Matsubara H. Does thoracoscopic esophagectomy really reduce post-operative pneumonia in all cases? Esophagus 2021; 18:724-733. [PMID: 34247287 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-021-00855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been said that "thoracoscopy suppresses the occurrence of pneumonia in comparison to thoracotomy", but does it reflect real clinical practice? To resolve this clinical question, we compared the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective cohort studies from limited institutes (CLIs) in which a large number of high-volume centers were the main participants to those of retrospective cohort studies based on nationwide databases (CNDs) in which both high-volume centers and low-volume hospitals participated. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compare the short-term outcomes of thoracoscopic to open esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in the three above-mentioned research formats. In total, 43 studies with 21,057 patients, which included 1 RCT with 115 patients, 38 CLIs with 6,126 patients and 4 CNDs with 14,816 patients, were selected. Pneumonia was one of the most important complications. Although significant superiority in thoracoscopic esophagectomy was observed in RCTs (p = 0.005) and CLIs (p = 0.003), no such difference was seen in findings using nationwide databases (p = 0.69). In conclusion, unlike RCTs and CLIs, CNDs did not show the superiority of thoracoscopic surgery in terms of post-operative pneumonia. RCTs and CLIs were predominantly performed by high-volume hospitals, while CNDs were often performed by low-volume hospitals. In actual clinical practice including various types of hospitals, the superiority of thoracoscopic over open esophagectomy regarding the incidence of pneumonia may, therefore, decrease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Frontier Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, 6-1-14 Konodai, Ichikawa City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaya Uesato
- Department of Frontier Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyozumi
- Department of Frontier Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Isozaki
- Department of Frontier Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryuma Urahama
- Department of Frontier Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kano
- Department of Frontier Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunori Matsumoto
- Department of Frontier Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu X, Wu H, Liu C, Mei X. Covering the gastric tube with the mediastinal pleura during minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy can reduce the incidence of anastomotic fistulae. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2021; 16:612-619. [PMID: 34691313 PMCID: PMC8512517 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2021.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rate of anastomotic leakage from intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomoses can be reduced by covering them with the mediastinal pleura. Whether anastomotic leakage can be reduced by covering the portion of the gastric tube in the upper mediastinum with the mediastinal pleura during minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (MIE McKeown) is unknown. AIM To evaluate the consequence of covering the mediastinal pleural during minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent MIE McKeown between January 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Participants for whom the portion of the gastric tube in the upper mediastinum was not covered with the mediastinal pleura were assigned to group A; otherwise, they were assigned to group B. Chi-square analysis and univariable and multivariable logistic analyses were used to compare the differences between the two groups and explore the risk factors for anastomotic fistulae. RESULTS A total of 267 patients with middle and lower esophageal cancer were included in this study (131 in group A and 136 in group B). Anastomotic leakage occurred in 5 patients (5/136) in group B compared with 13 patients (13/131) in group A (p = 0.042). Univariable and multivariable logistic analyses identified a gastric tube not covered with the mediastinal pleura as a risk factor for significantly greater anastomotic leakage (p = 0.042), but it was not an independent prognostic factor for anastomotic leakage (odds ratio = 0.585, 95% confidence interval: lower bound: 0.069, upper bound, 1.122). CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence that covering the gastric tube with the mediastinal pleura during MIE McKeown can decrease the incidence of anastomotic leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Hefei, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hanran Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyu Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Angeramo CA, Bras Harriott C, Casas MA, Schlottmann F. Minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy: Robot-assisted versus laparoscopic-thoracoscopic technique. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgery 2021; 170:1692-1701. [PMID: 34389164 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence comparing conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy (CMIE) via laparoscopy and thoracoscopy with robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) is scarce. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare surgical outcomes after CMIE and RAMIE with an intrathoracic anastomosis. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed to identify original articles analyzing outcomes after CMIE and RAMIE. Main surgical outcomes included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, anastomotic leak rates, pneumonia, overall morbidity, length of stay (LOS), and 30-day mortality. Oncologic outcomes included lymph node yield and R0 resections rates. A meta-analysis of proportions and linear regression models were used to assess the effect of each procedure on the different outcomes. RESULTS A total of 6,249 patients were included for analysis; 5,275 (84%) underwent CMIE and 974 (16%) RAMIE. Robotic esophagectomy had longer operative time and less intraoperative blood loss. Anastomotic leakage rates were similar with both approaches. Patients undergoing RAMIE had significantly lower rates of postoperative pneumonia (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35-0.61, P < .0001) and overall morbidity (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.58-0.79, P < .0001). Median LOS was similar in both procedures (RAMIE: 12.1 versus CMIE: 11.9 days, P = .64). Similar mortality rates were found after RAMIE and CMIE (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.34-1.38, P = .29). Lymph node yield was similar in both procedures, but RAMIE was associated with higher rates of R0 resection (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.53-5.26, P < .001). CONCLUSION Patients undergoing robotic esophagectomy have less intraoperative blood loss, lower rates of postoperative pneumonia, reduced overall morbidity, and higher rates of R0 resections, as compared with those undergoing a laparoscopic-thoracoscopic esophageal resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María A Casas
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Siaw‐Acheampong K, Kamarajah SK, Gujjuri R, Bundred JR, Singh P, Griffiths EA. Minimally invasive techniques for transthoracic oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BJS Open 2020; 4:787-803. [PMID: 32894001 PMCID: PMC7528517 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophagectomy is a demanding operation that can be performed by different approaches including open surgery or a combination of minimal access techniques. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of open, minimally invasive and robotic oesophagectomy techniques for oesophageal cancer. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted for studies reporting open oesophagectomy, laparoscopically assisted oesophagectomy (LAO), thoracoscopically assisted oesophagectomy (TAO), totally minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIO) or robotic MIO (RAMIO) for oesophagectomy. A network meta-analysis of intraoperative (operating time, blood loss), postoperative (overall complications, anastomotic leaks, chyle leak, duration of hospital stay) and oncological (R0 resection, lymphadenectomy) outcomes, and survival was performed. RESULTS Ninety-eight studies involving 32 315 patients were included in the network meta-analysis (open 17 824, 55·2 per cent; LAO 1576, 4·9 per cent; TAO 2421 7·5 per cent; MIO 9558, 29·6 per cent; RAMIO 917, 2·8 per cent). Compared with open oesophagectomy, both MIO and RAMIO were associated with less blood loss, significantly lower rates of pulmonary complications, shorter duration of stay and higher lymph node yield. There were no significant differences between surgical techniques in surgical-site infections, chyle leak, and 30- and 90-day mortality. MIO and RAMIO had better 1- and 5-year survival rates respectively compared with open surgery. CONCLUSION Minimally invasive and robotic techniques for oesophagectomy are associated with reduced perioperative morbidity and duration of hospital stay, with no compromise of oncological outcomes but no improvement in perioperative mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. K. Kamarajah
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Freeman HospitalNewcastle University NHS Foundation Trust HospitalsNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Institute of Cellular MedicineUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - R. Gujjuri
- College of Medical and Dental SciencesNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - J. R. Bundred
- College of Medical and Dental SciencesNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - P. Singh
- Regional Oesophago‐Gastric UnitRoyal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation TrustGuildfordUK
| | - E. A. Griffiths
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pu S, Chen H, Zhou C, Yu S, Liao X, Zhu L, He J, Wang B. Major Postoperative Complications in Esophageal Cancer After Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy Compared With Open Esophagectomy: An Updated Meta-analysis. J Surg Res 2020; 257:554-571. [PMID: 32927322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the existing literature comparing cardiopulmonary complications after minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) with open esophagectomy (OE) and conduct a meta-analysis based on the relevant studies. METHODS A systematic search for articles was performed in Medline, Embase, Wiley Online Library, and the Cochrane Library. The relative risks or odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by using fixed or random-effects models. The I2 and X2 tests were used to test for statistical heterogeneity. We performed a metaregression for the pulmonary complications with the adenocarcinoma proportion and tumor stage. Publication bias and small-study effects were assessed using Egger's test and Begg's funnel plot. RESULTS A total of 30,850 participants were enrolled in the 63 studies evaluated in the meta-analysis. Arrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary complications, gastric tip necrosis, anastomotic leakage, and vocal cord palsy were chosen as outcomes. The occurrence rate of arrhythmia was significantly lower in patients receiving MIE than in patients receiving OE (OR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.53-0.89), with heterogeneity (I2 = 30.7%, P = 0.067). The incidence of pulmonary complications was significantly lower in patients receiving MIE (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.45-0.63) but heterogeneity remained (I2 = 72.1%, P = 0.000). The risk of gastric tip necrosis (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.07-2.05) after OE was lower than that after MIE. Anastomotic leakage, pulmonary embolism, and vocal cord palsy showed no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS MIE has advantages over OE, especially in reducing the incidence of arrhythmia and pulmonary complications. Thus, MIE can be recommended as the preferred alternative surgery method for resectable esophageal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Pu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi Province, China
| | - Heyan Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi Province, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi Province, China
| | - Shibo Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi Province, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liao
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi Province, China
| | - Lizhe Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi Province, China
| | - Jianjun He
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi Province, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cerfolio RJ, Laliberte AS, Blackmon S, Ruurda JP, Hillegersberg RV, Sarkaria I, Louie BE. Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: A Consensus Statement. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 110:1417-1426. [PMID: 32213311 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is increasingly performed in various ways. The lack of international definitions and nomenclature makes accurate comparison of outcomes difficult. METHODS An international, multispecialty consensus-writing committee constructed definitions and nomenclature for MIE. After a PubMed search, vetting, and review with all authors, a consensus was reached. RESULTS The proposed definition for MIE is an operation "that removes part or all of the esophagus, does not retract, lift, spread or remove any part of the chest or abdominal wall and the surgeon's and assistant's vision of the operative field is via a monitor, the patient's tissue is manipulated only by instruments that are controlled by the operating surgeon or team, except for during the neck portion if used." A flexible nomenclature is proposed that attempts to describe current and future operations and systems. CONCLUSIONS Definitions and nomenclature for MIE are needed to ensure that future studies accurately compare results and outcomes of similar operations. Nomenclatures allow surgeons, researchers, and patients from different cultures to use a common language to facilitate communication and compare. This process is required in order to improve patient outcomes globally to drive adoption of best of practice, yet is lacking for MIE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Cerfolio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.
| | - Anne-Sophie Laliberte
- Department of General Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec (CHA), Quebec, Canada
| | - Shanda Blackmon
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jelle P Ruurda
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Inderpal Sarkaria
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian E Louie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen L, Liu X, Wang R, Wang Y, Zhang T, Gao D, Gao L. Minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer according to the location of the tumor: Experience of 251 patients. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 17:54-60. [PMID: 28417001 PMCID: PMC5388933 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is increasingly used for the treatment of esophageal cancer. However, the ideal approach of MIE is not yet standardized. We explore the ideal approach of MIE according to the location of the tumor and compare the clinical outcomes between patients with cancer arising in the upper third of the esophagus and those with tumors involving the middle and lower third of the esophagus. METHODS We included patients with esophageal carcinoma and had clear indications for MIE. For cancer arising in the upper third of the esophagus, MIE McKeown approach was performed. For tumors involving the middle and lower third of the esophagus, MIE Ivor Lewis approach was adopted. RESULTS Of the 251 patients included in this analysis, 200 patients underwent Ivor-Lewis MIE and 51 patients underwent McKeown MIE. The incidence of anastomotic leak, anastomotic stenosis and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was significantly higher in the McKeown MIE group than that in the Ivor Lewis MIE group. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 1.2% (n = 1) in the McKeown MIE group. Lymph nodes harvested were significantly more in the MIE-McKeown group than in Ivor Lewis MIE group (P < 0.05). The median follow-up period was 15 months (1-25 months) and the overall survival rate at 1 year stratified by pathologic stage at esophagectomy was 95.9% (stage 1), 83.8% (stage II), 73.4% (stage III). CONCLUSIONS MIE for esophageal cancer according to the location and clinical stage of the tumor will decrease all postoperative complications and may yield the greatest benefit from surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuncang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital Chengban Branch Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Dewei Gao
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Linggen Gao
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|