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Estorninho J, Pimentel R, Gravito-Soares M, Gravito-Soares E, Amaro P, Figueiredo P. Successful Endoscopic Closure of Esophageal Perforation in Boerhaave Syndrome Using the Over-the-Scope Clip. GE PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 30:444-450. [PMID: 38476151 PMCID: PMC10928871 DOI: 10.1159/000527317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Boerhaave syndrome (BS) is a rare but potentially fatal condition. Although surgery is considered the standard treatment, endoscopic therapy has acquired an important role as a minimally invasive management approach. The authors describe 2 cases of middle-aged male patients, presenting with spontaneous esophageal perforation after severe straining and vomiting. In the first case, the patient presented with a bone impaction in the upper esophagus successfully removed by rigid esophagoscopy. After the procedure, a chest X-ray/cervicothoracic computerized tomography scan (CT) showed a left hydropneumothorax and pneumomediastinum with oral contrast leak at the lower esophagus. In the second case, the patient presented to the Emergency Department with severe chest pain after an episode of vomiting. The CT showed a massive pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, and an oral contrast leak compatible with BS. The patient was initially submitted to surgical suture, but contrast extravasation persisted after 12 days. After multidisciplinary team discussion of both patients, an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed, which revealed pericentimetric wall defects at the distal esophagus. These were successfully closed using an over-the-scope clip (OTSC). After at least a 9-month follow-up, patients have remained clinically well with no relapse. The authors highlight the severity of these clinical cases and the endoscopic option that proved to be decisive in addressing BS. The favorable outcomes suggest a role for the OTSC approach in closing spontaneous esophageal perforation both as first-line and as rescue therapy after a surgical failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Estorninho
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Pimentel
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Gravito-Soares
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisa Gravito-Soares
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Amaro
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Figueiredo
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Huynh N, Easwaralingam N, Khan M, Suppiah A. Atypical presentation of Boerhaave's syndrome in a remote Australian setting. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e253964. [PMID: 37813555 PMCID: PMC10565206 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huynh
- Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Broken Hill Base Hospital and Health Service, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Maroof Khan
- Broken Hill Base Hospital and Health Service, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aravind Suppiah
- Broken Hill Base Hospital and Health Service, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia
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Totsi A, Fortounis K, Michailidou S, Balasas N, Papavasiliou C. Early Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Boerhaave Syndrome: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e47596. [PMID: 38022019 PMCID: PMC10666923 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Boerhaave syndrome is a rare condition of spontaneous esophageal perforation after multiple episodes of forceful emesis. Due to its high morbidity and mortality rates, early diagnosis and treatment are key prognostic factors. Herein, we present a case of Boerhaave syndrome, which was initially misinterpreted as a coronary event due to similar confusing symptoms. However, a diagnosis was made without delay and confirmed with a chest computed tomography (CT) scan, which revealed pneumomediastinum. The patient was treated surgically by primarily repairing the rupture with an omentum patch reinforcement, draining the mediastinum and both pleural cavities, and creating a feeding jejunostomy. After a long stay in the ICU and the Surgical Department, the patient was discharged in good clinical condition with normal oral feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albion Totsi
- Surgical Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Balasas
- Surgical Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, GRC
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Zhang J, Yang X, Jiang H, Liu J, Wang J, Zhu H. Spontaneous oesophageal perforation secondary to renal colic. Oxf Med Case Reports 2023; 2023:omad112. [PMID: 37881267 PMCID: PMC10597614 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Boerhaave syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that involves a full-thickness tear of the oesophagus. It accounts for around 15% of all cases of oesophageal perforations and is associated with up to 40% of mortality. Vomiting has been found to be associated with the development of Boerhaave syndrome. However, the aetiology of vomiting varies broadly in the available literatures from alcohol indulgence to marathon running, and from panic attack to radiotherapy for cancer. We present here an unusual case of Boerhaave syndrome where the patient developed spontaneous oesophageal perforation in the setting of renal colic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Zhang
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xinglin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jihai Liu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangshan Wang
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huadong Zhu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Tarazona MAD, Chaves CER, Mateus JFI, Comba FAR, Rosso JD, Uribe MCA. Boerhaave syndrome: Successful conservative treatment. Case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 107:108289. [PMID: 37187116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Spontaneous esophageal perforation or "Boerhaave" syndrome is an uncommon pathology, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Clinical scores such as the Pittsburgh classification could guide the treatment and helps to assess mortality risk. Conservative management could be performed in selected cases. CASE PRESENTATION We present a 19-year-old male patient with a previous history of anxiety and depression, who enters the emergency room with vomiting and epigastric pain followed by swelling at the neck and dysphagia. Neck tomography and chest tomography were obtained showing subcutaneous emphysema. Conservative management was indicated and after 10 days of in-hospital stay and no complications, the patient was discharged. Any complication was observed after 30, 60, and 90 days of follow-up. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Selected patients with Boerhaave syndrome could benefit from conservative management. Risk classification could be performed using the Pittsburgh score. Nil per os, antibiotic treatment, and nutritional support are the cornerstone of nonoperative management. CONCLUSION Boerhaave syndrome it's an infrequent pathology, with mortality rates ranging between 30 and 50 %. Early identification and on-time management are required to have favorable outcomes. Pittsburgh score can be used to guide the selection of patients who benefit from conservative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Rey Chaves
- Estudiante de posgrado Cirugía General, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Medicina, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Juan Felipe Infante Mateus
- Estudiante de posgrado Cirugía General, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Medicina, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - J D Rosso
- Cirujano General, Cirugía General, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria Camila Azula Uribe
- Cirujano General, Cirugía General, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
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Yamana I, Fujikawa T, Kawamura Y, Hasegawa S. Current approach for Boerhaaves syndrome: A systematic review of case reports. World J Meta-Anal 2023; 11:112-124. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v11.i4.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus on the appropriate therapeutic strategy for Boerhaave syndrome due to its rarity and changing therapeutic approaches. We conducted a systematic review of case reports documenting Boerhaave syndrome.
AIM To assess the therapeutic methods and clinical outcomes and discuss the current trends in the management of Boerhaave syndrome.
METHODS We searched PubMed, Google scholar, MEDLINE, and The Cochrane Library for studies concerning Boerhaave syndrome published between 2017 and 2022.
RESULTS Of the included studies, 49 were case reports, including a total of 56 cases. The mean age was 55.8 ± 16 years old. Initial conservative treatment was performed in 25 cases, while operation was performed in 31 cases. The rate of conservative treatment was significantly higher than that of operation in cases of shock vital on admission (9.7% vs 44.0%; P = 0.005). Seventeen out of 25 conservative cases (68.0%) were initially treated endoscopic esophageal stenting; 2 of those 17 cases subsequently underwent operation due to poor infection control. Twelve cases developed postoperative leakage (38.7%), and 4 of those 12 cases underwent endoscopic esophageal stenting to stop the leakage. The length of the hospital stay was not significantly different between the conservative treatment and operation cases (operation vs conservation: 33.52 ± 22.69 vs 38.81 ± 35.28 days; P = 0.553).
CONCLUSION In the treatment of Boerhaave syndrome, it is most important to diagnose the issue immediately. Primary repair with reinforcement is the gold-standard procedure. The indication of endoscopic esophageal stenting or endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy should always be considered for patients in a poor general condition and who continue to have leakage after repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Yamana
- Department of Surgery, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 802-8555, Japan
| | - Takahisa Fujikawa
- Department of Surgery, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 802-8555, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kawamura
- Department of Surgery, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 802-8555, Japan
| | - Suguru Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Śnieżyński J, Wilczyński B, Skoczylas T, Wallner GT. Successful Late Endoscopic Stent-Grafting in a Patient with Boerhaave Syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e931629. [PMID: 34385411 PMCID: PMC8370138 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.931629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 53-year-old
Final Diagnosis: Spontaneous esophageal rupture
Symptoms: Chest pain • dyspena • hydropneumothorax • purulent discharge from the umbilicus • vomiting
Medication: —
Clinical Procedure: Endoscopic stent-grafting • enteral feeding • pleural drainage
Specialty: Gastroenterology and Hepatology • Surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Śnieżyński
- Second Department of General & Gastrointestinal Surgery & Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wilczyński
- Second Department of General & Gastrointestinal Surgery & Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skoczylas
- Second Department of General & Gastrointestinal Surgery & Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz T Wallner
- Second Department of General & Gastrointestinal Surgery & Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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