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Liu X, Ma Q, Tong D, Shen Y. Analysis of hospitalization costs in adult inguinal hernia: based on quantile regression model. Hernia 2024; 28:1969-1978. [PMID: 39177913 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-024-03138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inguinal hernia repair is a common surgical procedure with significant variability in hospitalization costs. Traditional cost analysis methods often overlook the distribution of costs across patient demographics and clinical factors. This study employs a quantile regression model to explore the determinants of hospitalization costs for adult inguinal hernia surgery, providing a detailed understanding of cost variations across different quantiles. METHODS We analyzed data from adult patients who underwent inguinal hernia surgery at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2015 to June 2023. The study included patient demographics, hernia-related information, surgery-related details, and cost-related data. A quantile regression model was used to assess the impact of various factors on hospitalization costs at different quantiles (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%). Data were processed using StataSE 15.0 software. RESULTS Our study included 16,602 patients, predominantly male (91.86%) and Han Chinese (96.48%), with the 51-64 years age group being the largest (26.80%). The quantile regression analysis revealed significant cost variations across different quantiles. Younger patients incurred higher costs, with age coefficients ranging from -40.541 at the 90th quantile to -3.082 at the 10th quantile. Uninsured patients faced higher costs, with coefficients from 214.747 at the 80th quantile to 501.78 at the 10th quantile. Longer hospital stays correlated with increased costs, with coefficients from 342.15 at the 80th quantile to 405.613 at the 90th quantile. Patients hospitalized multiple times (≥3) had lower costs, with coefficients from -767.353 at the 40th quantile to -311.575 at the 80th quantile. Comorbidities significantly raised costs, with coefficients for three or more comorbidities ranging from 806.122 at the 80th quantile to 1,456.02 at the 40th quantile. Laparoscopic surgery was more expensive than open surgery, with coefficients from 1,834.206 at the 80th quantile to 2,805.281 at the 10th quantile. Bilateral surgeries and the use of biological mesh also resulted in higher costs, with coefficients for bilateral surgeries ranging from 1,067.708 at the 10th quantile to 2,871.126 at the 90th quantile and for biological mesh from 3,221.216 at the 40th quantile to 6,117.598 at the 90th quantile. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalization costs for inguinal hernia surgery are influenced by multiple factors, with significant variations across different patient groups. Strategies to control costs should be tailored to address the specific needs of patients, optimize surgical methods, and improve perioperative care. Future research should extend these findings across different healthcare settings and consider the latest advancements in medical technology and policy changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Number 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Number 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Deyu Tong
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmo Shen
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Number 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100043, China.
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Wang G, Liu Z. Comment to: The impact of smoking on inguinal hernia repair outcomes: a meta-analysis of multivariable-adjusted studies. Hernia 2024; 28:1491-1492. [PMID: 38907880 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-024-03097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Zhichun Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
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Khewater T, Al Madshush AM, Altidlawi MI, Faya H, Alanazi M, Alqahtani MMM, Alghamdi IA, Almotawa MA, Mirdad MT, Alqahtani BA, Sleem Y, Mirdad R. Comparing Robot-Assisted and Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e60959. [PMID: 38910645 PMCID: PMC11193849 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inguinal hernia repair is a common surgical intervention. Advancements in minimally invasive techniques, specifically laparoscopic (LR) and robot-assisted (RR) approaches, have reshaped the landscape of surgical options. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess and compare the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic and robot-assisted inguinal hernia repair through a comprehensive review of the literature. A systematic search of databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to November 30, 2023. Fifteen studies, encompassing a total of 64,568 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Pooled estimates for key outcomes, including duration of operation, overall complications, and surgical site infection (SSI), were calculated using random-effects models. This meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the duration of surgery, favoring laparoscopic repair over robot-assisted techniques (mean difference: 26.85 minutes, 95% CI (1.16, 52.54)). Overall complications did not significantly differ between the two approaches (odds ratio: 1.54, 95% CI (0.83, 2.85)). However, a significantly greater risk of SSI was identified for robot-assisted procedures (odds ratio: 3.32, 95% CI (2.63, 4.19)). This meta-analysis provides insights into the comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic and robot-assisted inguinal hernia repair. While laparoscopy has shorter operative times and comparable overall complication rates, the increased risk of SSI during robot-assisted procedures necessitates careful consideration in clinical decision-making. Surgeons and healthcare providers should weigh these findings according to patient characteristics, emphasizing a personalized approach to surgical decision-making. The evolving landscape of inguinal hernia repair warrants ongoing research to refine techniques and optimize outcomes for the benefit of patients undergoing these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Khewater
- Bariatric and Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU
| | | | | | - Hamad Faya
- Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Maryam Alanazi
- General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasmeen Sleem
- College of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU
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Li JL, Han YB, Yang GY, Tian M, Shi CS, Tian D. Inflammation in Hernia and the epigenetic control. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:334-339. [PMID: 37080853 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is much more intrinsic to hernia then is what is generally appreciated. The occurrence of hernias is associated with swelling, stress and inflammation. Surgery remains an important intervention to treat hernias and for many years, post-surgical levels of inflammatory cytokines have been evaluated to compare the different strategies for their comparative advantages. All surgical procedures elicit some sort of inflammatory response and moreover the meshes used for hernia repair are also associated with elevated inflammatory response, although some favor predominantly a pro-inflammatory response while the other meshes favor anti-inflammatory response. An estimated more than 90% of hernia repairs involve some meshes with polypropylene considered as the gold standard. Efforts are underway to modulate polypropylene meshes associated inflammation through use of alternative materials as well as modifications to polypropylene meshes themselves. In the last one decade, miRNAs have entered hernia research and the data on a role of miRNAs in different hernias is slowly emerging, providing the first evidence of epigenetics in hernia. Some reports are connecting miRNAs with inflammation in hernia. All these aspects, such as, surgery-related to mesh-related inflammation as well as miRNA-related inflammation, are discussed in this article to present an up-to-date information on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-Bo Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Yun Yang
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang-Sai Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Peixoto N, Grobet-Jeandin E, Schoofs F, Windisch O, Iselin C, Benamran D. Long term efficacy of prosthetic inguinal herniorrhaphy concomitant with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. World J Urol 2023; 41:3169-3174. [PMID: 37755521 PMCID: PMC10632196 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients who undergo robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) may present concurrent or secondary inguinal hernia (IH). Surgical repair of IH simultaneously with RARP has been reported. We aimed to assess the long-term efficacy of concurrent prosthetic IH repair with RARP. METHODS Data for consecutive patients undergoing concurrent IH repair with RARP for localized prostate cancer at our institution between 2006 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed. Patients were matched based on age, BMI, and year of surgery, with patients undergoing RARP alone. IH repair was performed with a polyester mesh. Efficacy of IH repair was the primary outcome. Patient characteristics, perioperative data, recurrence and treatment were recorded. RESULTS A total of 136 men were included, 50% treated by RARP and concurrent IH, 50% by RARP alone. Mean age was 65 years (SD 6) and mean BMI 26.8 (SD 2.5). IH was diagnosed preoperatively in 42 patients (62%) or intraoperatively in 26 patients (38%). A total 18 patients (26%) had bilateral hernias and 50 patients had unilateral hernias (right 31%, left 43%). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding perioperative data. The herniorrhaphy added 34 min to the operative time (p < 0.001). After a mean follow-up of 106 months [SD 38], 9 patients (13%) presented recurrence of IH, with a mean time to recurrence of 43 months [SD 35]. Age was significantly associated with IH recurrence (p = 0.0007). CONCLUSION Concomitant IH repair and RARP appear to be a safe procedure with good long-term safety and efficacy, without significantly increasing morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Peixoto
- Division of Urology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Genève 14, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabian Schoofs
- Division of Urology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Genève 14, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Windisch
- Division of Urology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Genève 14, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Iselin
- Division of Urology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Genève 14, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Benamran
- Division of Urology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Genève 14, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Meshkati Yazd SM, Kiany F, Shahriarirad R, Kamran H, Karoobi M, Mehri G. Comparison of mesh fixation and non-fixation in transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair: a randomized control trial. Surg Endosc 2023:10.1007/s00464-023-10040-x. [PMID: 37067592 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesh fixation in inguinal hernia repair, has been a controversial subject for many years. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated and compared fixation and non-fixation of mesh in Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) Inguinal hernia repair. METHODS In this randomized control trial, 100 patients diagnosed with unilateral inguinal hernia were included. We divided the study population into two groups of fifty. For both groups, a 15 × 13 cm Prolene(polypropylene) mesh was used for repair. In the fixation group, mesh was fixed to the abdominal wall by endoscopic tacks, while in the non-fixation group, mesh was secured at the proper place without any fixation. Postoperative outcomes were complications, recurrence, and pain intensity after 1-, 3- and 6-months. RESULTS Postoperative pain intensity in the 1st month [Median of 2 and 0, (P < 0.001)], and 3rd month [Median of 0.5 and 0, (P < 0.001)], in the fixation group were significantly higher than the non-fixation group. However, 6 months after surgery, pain intensity was almost similar for both groups. In the 6th postoperative month, only one patient experienced recurrence who was in the fixation group. The rate of recurrence and urinary retention between the groups was not significant. CONCLUSION It was observed that until 6 months after surgery patients who received the non-fixating method of TAPP repair experienced lower levels of pain in comparison to the fixation group while other complications did not differ between the two groups. This trail was registered at www.irct.ir with Trial Registration Number of IRCT20210224050491N1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fakhroddin Kiany
- Department of Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shahriarirad
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hooman Kamran
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Karoobi
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ghasem Mehri
- Department of Surgery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arāk, Iran
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Ma Q, Jing W, Liu X, Liu J, Liu M, Chen J. The global, regional, and national burden and its trends of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernia from 1990 to 2019: findings from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study - a cross-sectional study. Int J Surg 2023; 109:333-342. [PMID: 37093073 PMCID: PMC10389329 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernia repairs are the most common surgical procedure worldwide. However, studies on hernia disease burden are notably limited, in both developed and low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We investigated temporal trends in the incidence and prevalence of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernias at global, regional, and national levels in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019). MATERIALS AND METHODS Annual incident cases, prevalent cases, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), and age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernias between 1990 and 2019 were extracted from the GBD 2019 study and stratified by sex, age, and location. Percentage changes in incident cases and prevalent cases, and the estimated annual percentage changes of ASIRs and ASPRs were calculated to quantify the trends in the incidence and prevalence of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernias. Data analysis for the present study was conducted from 15 June 2022 to 15 July 2022. RESULTS Globally, there were 32.53 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 27.71-37.79] prevalent cases and 13.02 million (10.68-15.49) incident cases of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernias in 2019, which increased by 36.00% and 63.67%, respectively, compared with 1990. Eighty-six percent of the incident cases were males, the male-to-female ratio was 6 : 1, and most patients were aged 50-69 years. India (2.45 million), China (1.95 million), and Brazil (0.71 million) accounted for more than one-third (39%) of the incident cases worldwide. From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR and ASPR showed a decreasing trend worldwide, except in Central Sub-Saharan Africa, which had an increasing trend in ASIR and ASPR. CONCLUSION The global incident cases and prevalent cases of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernias increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, with a heavier burden observed in males, older adults, and in LMICs such as India and China. In addition, the ASIR and ASPR increased substantially in Central Sub-Saharan Africa. More efforts are warranted for hernia management to reduce the burden of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernias, such as by providing safe hernia surgical treatment for males, older adults, and LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Ma
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhan Jing
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Carhuallanqui-Ciocca EI, Echevarría-Quispe JY, Hernández-Vásquez A, Díaz-Ruiz R, Azañedo D. Bibliometric analysis of the scientific production on inguinal hernia surgery in the web of science. Front Surg 2023; 10:1138805. [PMID: 37035575 PMCID: PMC10073695 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1138805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe the bibliometric characteristics of the world scientific production in inguinal hernia surgery using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) database. Materials and methods A search for original articles published in the WoS up to December 2021 was carried out. Bibliometric analysis was performed using the Bibliometrix data package in R and VOSviewer, version 1.6.17. Results A total of 3,795 articles were identified in the database, with an annual average of 81 published articles and sustained growth with the highest number of publications in 2021. The article "Wide Variation and Excessive Dosage of Opioid Prescriptions for Common General Surgical Procedures" published in 2017 was the most cited (517 citations). The United States was the country of the corresponding author with the highest number of published articles (725 articles). The author with the highest number of published articles was Rosenberg J., affiliated with the University of Copenhagen, with 52 articles and 765 citations. The journal "Hernia" had the highest number of articles published on inguinal hernias in the WoS, representing 18% of the total number of articles. Finally, the keywords most used were "herniorrhaphy" and "hernioplasty" in 2008, and more recently: "single incision" "society guidelines" and "single port". Conclusions The scientific production of original articles on inguinal hernia surgery has increased. There is currently great interest in research on minimally invasive surgical methods and standardization of procedures based on clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
- Correspondence: Akram Hernández-Vásquez
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Lv J, Zhang Q, Zeng T, Li XF, Cui Y. Regional block anesthesia for adult patients with inguinal hernia repair: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30654. [PMID: 36197234 PMCID: PMC9509084 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is a common surgical technique performed under regional block anesthesia (RBA). Although previous clinical trials have explored the effectiveness and safety of RBA for IHR, no systematic review has investigated its effectiveness and safety in adult patients with IHR. METHODS This systematic review searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wangfang, and VIP) from their inception to July 1, 2022. We included all potential randomized controlled trials that focused on the effects and safety of RBA in adult patients with IHR. Outcomes included operative time, total rescue analgesics, numerical rating scale at 24 hours, occurrence rate of nausea and vomiting, and occurrence rate of urinary retention (ORUCR). RESULTS Five randomized controlled trials, involving 347 patients with IHR, were included in this study. Meta-analysis results showed that no significant differences were identified on operative time (MD = -0.20; fixed 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.87, 3.47; P = .92; I² = 0%), total rescue analgesics (MD = -8.90; fixed 95% CI, -20.36, 2.56; P = .13; I² = 28%), and occurrence rate of nausea and vomiting (MD = 0.39; fixed 95% CI, 0.13, 1.16; P = .09; I² = 0%) between 2 types of anesthesias. However, significant differences were detected in the numerical rating scale at 24 hours (MD = -1.53; random 95% CI, -2.35, -0.71; P < .001; I² = 75%) and ORUCR (MD = 0.20; fixed 95% CI, 0.05, 0.80; P = .02; I² = 0%) between the 2 management groups. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that IHR patients with RBA benefit more from post-surgery pain relief at 24h and a decrease in the ORUCR than those with CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xue-Feng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yang Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Cui, Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, No. 15 Dongxiaoyun Street, Aimin District, Mudanjiang 157000, China (e-mail: )
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Sandblom G. Grand challenges in visceral surgery. Front Surg 2022; 9:1005046. [PMID: 36090341 PMCID: PMC9453203 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1005046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sandblom
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Solna, Sweden
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