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Banerjee A, Ivan M, Nazarenko T, Solda R, Bredaki EF, Casagrandi D, Tetteh A, Greenwold N, Zaikin A, Jurkovic D, Napolitano R, David AL. Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth in women with previous full dilatation cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2024; 6:101298. [PMID: 38278178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous term (≥37 weeks' gestation), full-dilatation cesarean delivery is associated with an increased risk for a subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. The mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that the cesarean delivery scar characteristics and scar position relative to the internal cervical os may compromise cervical function, thereby leading to shortening of the cervical length and spontaneous preterm birth. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the relationship of cesarean delivery scar characteristics and position, assessed by transvaginal ultrasound, in pregnant women with previous full-dilatation cesarean delivery with the risk of shortening cervical length and spontaneous preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN This was a single-center, prospective cohort study of singleton pregnant women (14 to 24 weeks' gestation) with a previous term full-dilatation cesarean delivery who attended a high-risk preterm birth surveillance clinic (2017-2021). Women underwent transvaginal ultrasound assessment of cervical length, cesarean delivery scar distance relative to the internal cervical os, and scar niche parameters using a reproducible transvaginal ultrasound technique. Spontaneous preterm birth prophylactic interventions (vaginal cervical cerclage or vaginal progesterone) were offered for short cervical length (≤25 mm) and to women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth or late miscarriage after full-dilatation cesarean delivery. The primary outcome was spontaneous preterm birth; secondary outcomes included short cervical length and a need for prophylactic interventions. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop multiparameter models that combined cesarean delivery scar parameters, cervical length, history of full-dilatation cesarean delivery, and maternal characteristics. The predictive performance of models was examined using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and the detection rate at various fixed false positive rates. The optimal cutoff for cesarean delivery scar distance to best predict a short cervical length and spontaneous preterm birth was analyzed. RESULTS Cesarean delivery scars were visualized in 90.5% (220/243) of the included women. The spontaneous preterm birth rate was 4.1% (10/243), and 12.8% (31/243) of women developed a short cervical length. A history- (n=4) or ultrasound-indicated (n=19) cervical cerclage was performed in 23 of 243 (9.5%) women; among those, 2 (8.7%) spontaneously delivered prematurely. A multiparameter model based on absolute scar distance from the internal os best predicted spontaneous preterm birth (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.89; detection rate of 60% for a fixed 25% false positive rate). Models based on the relative anatomic position of the cesarean delivery scar to the internal os and the cesarean delivery scar position with niche parameters (length, depth, and width) best predicted the development of a short cervical length (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.79 [95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.87]; and 0.81 [95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.89], respectively; detection rate of 73% at a fixed 25% false positive rate). Spontaneous preterm birth was significantly more likely when the cesarean delivery scar was <5.0 mm above or below the internal os (adjusted odds ratio, 6.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-58; P =.035). CONCLUSION In pregnancies following a full-dilatation cesarean delivery, cesarean delivery scar characteristics and distance from the internal os identified women who were at risk for spontaneous preterm birth and developing short cervical length. Overall, the spontaneous preterm birth rate was low, but it was significantly increased among women with a scar located <5.0 mm above or below the internal cervical os. Shortening of cervical length was strongly associated with a low scar position. Our novel findings indicate that a low cesarean delivery scar can compromise the functional integrity of the internal cervical os, leading to cervical shortening and/or spontaneous preterm birth. Assessment of the cesarean delivery scar characteristics and position seem to have use in preterm birth clinical surveillance among women with a previous, full-dilatation cesarean delivery and could better identify women who would benefit from prophylactic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Solda, Bredaki, Casagrandi Tetteh, Greenwold, Napolitano and Prof David); Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Nazarenko, Casagrandi, Napolitano and Profs Zaikin, Jurkovic, and David)
| | - Maria Ivan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Solda, Bredaki, Casagrandi Tetteh, Greenwold, Napolitano and Prof David); Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Nazarenko, Casagrandi, Napolitano and Profs Zaikin, Jurkovic, and David)
| | - Tatiana Nazarenko
- Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Nazarenko, Casagrandi, Napolitano and Profs Zaikin, Jurkovic, and David); Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Dr Nazarenko and Prof Zaikin)
| | - Roberta Solda
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Solda, Bredaki, Casagrandi Tetteh, Greenwold, Napolitano and Prof David)
| | - Emmanouella F Bredaki
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Solda, Bredaki, Casagrandi Tetteh, Greenwold, Napolitano and Prof David)
| | - Davide Casagrandi
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Solda, Bredaki, Casagrandi Tetteh, Greenwold, Napolitano and Prof David); Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Nazarenko, Casagrandi, Napolitano and Profs Zaikin, Jurkovic, and David)
| | - Amos Tetteh
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Solda, Bredaki, Casagrandi Tetteh, Greenwold, Napolitano and Prof David)
| | - Natalie Greenwold
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Solda, Bredaki, Casagrandi Tetteh, Greenwold, Napolitano and Prof David)
| | - Alexey Zaikin
- Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Nazarenko, Casagrandi, Napolitano and Profs Zaikin, Jurkovic, and David); Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Dr Nazarenko and Prof Zaikin)
| | - Davor Jurkovic
- Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Nazarenko, Casagrandi, Napolitano and Profs Zaikin, Jurkovic, and David); Department of Gynecology, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (Prof Jurkovic)
| | - Raffaele Napolitano
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Solda, Bredaki, Casagrandi Tetteh, Greenwold, Napolitano and Prof David); Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Nazarenko, Casagrandi, Napolitano and Profs Zaikin, Jurkovic, and David)
| | - Anna L David
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Solda, Bredaki, Casagrandi Tetteh, Greenwold, Napolitano and Prof David); Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Nazarenko, Casagrandi, Napolitano and Profs Zaikin, Jurkovic, and David); National Institute for Health and Care Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom (Prof David).
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Glazewska-Hallin A, Rosen O'Sullivan H, Shennan A. Emergency caesareans are associated with an increased risk of recurrent early preterm birth: a commentary. BJOG 2024; 131:1-4. [PMID: 35938502 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article includes Author Insights, a video abstract available at: https://vimeo.com/733549553.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Rosen O'Sullivan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrew Shennan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Rosen O'Sullivan H, Glazewska-Hallin A, Suff N, Seed P, Shennan A. The role of transabdominal cerclage in preventing recurrent preterm delivery in women with a history of term full dilatation cesarean section followed by a spontaneous preterm birth or late miscarriage and a subsequent pregnancy with cerclage: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101144. [PMID: 37643689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalie Suff
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Seed
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Shennan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Mullin J, O'Sullivan HR, Shennan AH, Suff N. Outcomes following elective cerclage versus ultrasound surveillance in women with one prior preterm event. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 290:1-4. [PMID: 37708656 PMCID: PMC10878982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preterm birth, defined as delivery before 37 weeks' gestation, is a major obstetric challenge and is associated with serious long-term complications in those infants that survive. Preventative management includes cervical cerclage, either as an elective procedure or performed following transvaginal ultrasound surveillance and shortening of the cervix (≤25 mm). Significant questions remain regarding the optimal management, target population and technique. Therefore, this study aimed to assess differences in risk factors and pregnancy outcomes for women who received an elective cerclage versus ultrasound surveillance, following one prior premature event (spontaneous preterm birth/second trimester loss). STUDY DESIGN Women were retrospectively identified from St Thomas's Hospital Preterm Birth Clinical Network Database. Women who had one prior premature event (between 14+0 and 36+6 weeks' gestation) were included and they were separated into those that an elective cerclage and those who underwent ultrasound surveillance to assess differences in demographics, pregnancy risk factors and preterm birth outcomes. We excluded women who received other preventative therapies. We also separately analysed those women who required an ultrasound-indicated cerclage, comparing the differences between women that delivered preterm and term. RESULTS We collected data from 1077 women who had a prior preterm event. 66 women received an elective cerclage. 11.4% of women who had ultrasound surveillance received an ultrasound indicated cerclage. Women with a prior history of mid-trimester loss, instead of preterm birth, were more likely to receive an elective cerclage. The mean gestational age of delivery was similar between those women who received an elective cerclage and those who had ultrasound surveillance with and without an ultrasound-indicated cerclage (38+1 vs 37+1), however, preterm birth rates <37 weeks' were twice as high in this ultrasound group (OR 2.3 [1.1-4.5], p = 0.02). In those women that do require an ultrasound-indicated cerclage, 50.4% deliver preterm. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study shows that in women with one prior preterm event, both history-indicated cerclage and ultrasound surveillance are appropriate management options. The majority of women undergoing ultrasound surveillance did not require a cerclage and so avoided the potential perioperative complications of cerclage insertion. However, those that did require an ultrasound-indicated cerclage were at high risk of preterm birth so should be followed up closely to enable adequate preterm birth preparation. Further prospective studies comparing history indicated cerclage and US surveillance in women with one prior preterm event are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mullin
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Rosen O'Sullivan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew H Shennan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Natalie Suff
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Carter J, Deery J, Chandiramani M, Shennan A. "I had given up on being a mother": a survey of 183 women's experience of transabdominal cerclage (TAC). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:751. [PMID: 37875796 PMCID: PMC10599032 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transabdominal cerclage (TAC) is a relatively uncommon intervention for preventing preterm birth. This study aimed to investigate the experience of women who had undergone this procedure. METHODS The survey was designed in collaboration with a preterm birth studies public and patient involvement (PPI) group and ethical approval was granted by KCL BDM Research Ethics Panel (LRS-19/20-13205). Members of closed Facebook group, UK TAC Support, were invited to complete an online questionnaire about their experience of TAC, and pregnancies before and after having it placed. The survey was open between December 2019 and May 2020. Open and closed questions provided both qualitative and quantitative data for analysis, which was carried out using NVivo Pro 2020 v.1.4.1 qualitative data management software and SPSS Statistics 27 (IBM). RESULTS One hundred eighty-three participants completed the survey, having had TAC procedures carried out in 36 hospitals. Altogether, participants had experienced 287 preterm births (PTB) and late miscarriages (LM), equating to an average of 1.6 each (range 0-5), including 18 stillbirths. TAC was indicated in 123 (67%) for previous PTB and/or LM, 29 (16%) for cervical surgery and 31 (17%) for both. 151 (83%) TAC procedures were open, 32 (17%) laparoscopic. 86% (n = 157) were placed outside pregnancy. Of those placed in pregnancy, gestation at TAC ranged from 7 to 16 weeks. When comparing earliest pre- and post-TAC pregnancy gestation (excluding first trimester losses), median gestational weeks gained following TAC was 15.5 weeks (SD 6.89). Qualitative themes included: the struggle to get treatment; lack of TAC knowledge amongst clinicians; gratitude, hope and feeling protected; possible detrimental effects of TAC. CONCLUSIONS This very high-risk group found having a TAC gave great reassurance and hope, and were very grateful to have found the care they needed. However, they often struggled to get this support, frequently due to lack of clinician awareness. This may improve following roll-out of NHS England's Saving Babies Live Care Bundle and NHS commissioning guidelines for care of women at risk of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Carter
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | | | | | - Andrew Shennan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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6
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Ridout AE, Carter J, Seed PT, Chandiramani M, David AL, Tribe RM, Shennan AH. Longitudinal change in cervical length following vaginal or abdominal cervical cerclage: a randomized comparison. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:100987. [PMID: 37146686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cerclage has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth in a high-risk patient population; however, the mechanism is not well understood. Transabdominal cerclage is superior to low and high vaginal cerclage in reducing early spontaneous preterm birth and fetal loss in women with previous failed vaginal cerclage. Cervical length measurements are commonly used to monitor high-risk women and may explain the mechanism of success. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the rate of change in longitudinal cervical length after randomized placement of low transvaginal, high transvaginal, or transabdominal cerclage in women with a previous failed vaginal cerclage. STUDY DESIGN This was a planned analysis of longitudinal transvaginal ultrasound cervical length measurements from patients enrolled in the Vaginal Randomised Intervention of Cerclage trial, a randomized controlled trial comparing transabdominal cerclage or high transvaginal cerclage with low transvaginal cerclage. Cervical length measurements at specific gestational ages were compared over time and between groups, using generalized estimating equations fitted using the maximum-likelihood random-effects estimator. In addition, cervical length measurements were compared in women with transabdominal cerclage placed before and during pregnancy. The diagnostic accuracy of cervical length as a predictor of spontaneous preterm birth at <32 weeks of gestation was explored. RESULTS This study included 78 women who underwent longitudinal cervical length assessment (70% of the analyzed cohort) with a history of failed cerclage, of whom 25 (32%) were randomized to low transvaginal cerclage, 26 (33%) to high transvaginal cerclage, and 27 (35%) to transabdominal cerclage. Abdominal cerclage was superior to low (P=.008) and high (P=.001) vaginal cerclage at maintaining cervical length over the surveillance period (14 to 26 weeks of gestation) (+0.08 mm/week, 95% confidence interval, -0.40 to 0.22; P=.580). On average, the cervical length was 1.8 mm longer by the end of the 12-week surveillance period in women with transabdominal cerclage (+1.8 mm; 95% confidence interval, -7.89 to 4.30; P=.564). High vaginal cerclage was no better than low cervical cerclage in the prevention of cervical shortening; the cervix shortened by 13.2 mm over 12 weeks in those with low vaginal cerclage (95% confidence interval, -21.7 to -4.7; P=.002) and by 20 mm over 12 weeks in those with high vaginal cerclage (95% confidence interval, -33.1 to -7.4; P=.002). Preconception transabdominal cerclage resulted in a longer cervix than those performed during pregnancy; this difference was significant after 22 weeks of gestation (48.5 mm vs 39.6 mm; P=.039). Overall, cervical length was an excellent predictor of spontaneous preterm birth at <32 weeks of gestation (receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.00). CONCLUSION In women with a previous failed cervical cerclage, in the next pregnancy, the cervical length in women treated with vaginal cerclage funneled and shortened over time, whereas there was preservation of cervical length in women who receive transabdominal cerclage. Cervical length remained longer in transabdominal procedures performed before pregnancy than in transabdominal procedures performed during pregnancy. Overall, cervical length was an excellent predictor of spontaneous preterm birth in our cohort. Our findings may explain the mechanism of benefit for transabdominal cerclage, with its high placement better maintaining the structural integrity of the cervix at the level of the internal os.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Ridout
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences and Population Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Ridout and Carter, Mr Seed, and Drs Chandiramani, Tribe, and Shennan).
| | - Jenny Carter
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences and Population Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Ridout and Carter, Mr Seed, and Drs Chandiramani, Tribe, and Shennan)
| | - Paul T Seed
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences and Population Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Ridout and Carter, Mr Seed, and Drs Chandiramani, Tribe, and Shennan)
| | - Manju Chandiramani
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences and Population Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Ridout and Carter, Mr Seed, and Drs Chandiramani, Tribe, and Shennan)
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Dr David)
| | - Rachel M Tribe
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences and Population Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Ridout and Carter, Mr Seed, and Drs Chandiramani, Tribe, and Shennan)
| | - Andrew H Shennan
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences and Population Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Ridout and Carter, Mr Seed, and Drs Chandiramani, Tribe, and Shennan)
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Zhou H, Lai KF, Xiang Q, Zhang LL, Xu Y, Cheng C, Huan W. Second-stage cesarean delivery and preterm birth in subsequent pregnancy: A large multi-institutional cohort study. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2022; 51:102447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2022.102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Coutinho CM, Sotiriadis A, Odibo A, Khalil A, D'Antonio F, Feltovich H, Salomon LJ, Sheehan P, Napolitano R, Berghella V, da Silva Costa F. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: role of ultrasound in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2022; 60:435-456. [PMID: 35904371 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Coutinho
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Sotiriadis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Odibo
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - F D'Antonio
- Center for Fetal Care and High Risk Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - H Feltovich
- Fetal Ultrasound, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - L J Salomon
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - P Sheehan
- Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R Napolitano
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - V Berghella
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - F da Silva Costa
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Gold Coast University Hospital and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Offringa Y, Paret L, Vayssiere C, Parant O, Loussert L, Guerby P. Second stage cesarean section and the risk of preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022; 159:783-789. [PMID: 35307823 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of spontaneous preterm birth on subsequent pregnancies after second stage cesarean section. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. Women were included if they had their two consecutive births in Toulouse University Hospital in the study period. The first birth was a singleton livebirth at term (≥37 weeks of gestation), divided in three categories according to the mode of delivery: vaginal delivery (group A), cesarean section before the second stage of labor (group B), cesarean section during the second stage of labor (group C). The subsequent pregnancy was the first subsequent pregnancy, conducted after 16 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was spontaneous preterm birth in the subsequent pregnancy, defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. Secondary endpoints included preterm rupture of membranes in the subsequent pregnancy. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2018, 7776 women (84.7%) in group A, 1263 (13.8%) in group B and 143 (1.5%) in group C were included. The adjusted odds ratio of spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation after second stage cesarean section was 2.4 (group C vs group A + B, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-4.8), P = 0.01). The rate of preterm rupture of membranes was also significantly higher in group C (6% vs 2% in group A, P = 0.009, 6% vs 3% in group B, P= 0.05) with OR = 3.0 (group C vs group A + B, 95% CI: 1.55-6.16, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION History of term second stage of labor cesarean section is an independent risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth and for preterm rupture of membrane in the subsequent pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Offringa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Louise Paret
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Vayssiere
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Inserm UMR1295 CERPOP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and POPulation Health), Team SPHERE, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Parant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lola Loussert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Guerby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Infinity CNRS Inserm UMR 1291, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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Suff N, Xu VX, Dalla Valle G, Carter J, Brennecke S, Shennan A. Prior term delivery increases risk of subsequent recurrent preterm birth: An unexpected finding. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 62:500-505. [PMID: 35220589 PMCID: PMC9543374 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Women with a prior pregnancy at term are generally considered to be at reduced risk for subsequent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), whereas a previous sPTB is a major predictor for a future sPTB. Aims The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of recurrent sPTB in women with a prior term birth and a subsequent sPTB. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at St Thomas’ Hospital in London, UK. There were 430 women included: 230 with a term birth (caesarean section or vaginal delivery) preceding a sPTB (term + sPTB group) and 200 with a prior sPTB only (sPTB only group). The primary outcome was sPTB, <37 weeks gestation. Results Of the term + sPTB group, 38.7% (89/230) had a recurrent sPTB compared to 20% (40/200) in the sPTB only group (P < 0.0001), with a relative risk (RR) of 1.9. Of women who had a term caesarean section and a subsequent PTB, 50% (30/60) had a further sPTB (RR 2.5 compared to the sPTB only group), while 34.7% (59/170) of women who had a term vaginal birth and subsequent sPTB, had a further sPTB (RR 1.7 compared to the sPTB only group). Conclusion In women who have had a previous sPTB, the risk of a recurrence is much higher than in women with a prior term birth. The aetiology of PTB may be different in this subgroup of women and needs to be further elucidated to determine how best to identify and treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Suff
- Department of Women and Children's Health School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London UK
| | - Vicky X. Xu
- Medicine Department, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Giorgia Dalla Valle
- Department of Women and Children's Health School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London UK
| | - Jenny Carter
- Department of Women and Children's Health School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London UK
| | - Shaun Brennecke
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Royal Women’s Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Pregnancy Research Centre Department of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Royal Women's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew Shennan
- Department of Women and Children's Health School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London UK
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Suff N, Xu VX, Glazewska-Hallin A, Carter J, Brennecke S, Shennan A. Previous term emergency caesarean section is a risk factor for recurrent spontaneous preterm birth; a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 271:108-111. [PMID: 35182999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emergency caesarean sections (EmCS), particularly those performed in the second stage of labour, have been associated with a risk of subsequent preterm birth. More worrying is that the risk of sPTB recurrence appears to be high in women who have had a second stage EmCS and a subsequent sPTB. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the risk of recurrence in women who have had a prior term EmCS at any stage of labour followed by a sPTB. This study aims to investigate the relationship between all term in labour EmCS and the risk of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). STUDY DESIGN This is an observational, retrospective cohort study conducted at St Thomas' Hospital, a tertiary-level maternity hospital in London, United Kingdom. 259 women were included; 59 women with a term in labour EmCS preceding a sPTB (EmCS group) and 200 women with a prior sPTB only (control group). The initial EmCS was further categorised into first stage (FS)-EmCS or second stage (SS)-EmCS. Primary outcome was sPTB in Pregnancy C < 37 weeks' gestation. Secondary outcomes included sPTB < 34 weeks' and < 24 weeks' gestation. RESULTS 54% (32/59) of the EmCS group had a recurrent sPTB < 37 weeks compared to 20% (40/200) of the control women (p < 0.0001) with a relative risk of 2.71 [95%CI 1.87-3.87]). Of women who had a SS-EmCS and a subsequent PTB, 61.9% (13/21) had a further sPTB (RR 3.0 [95%CI, 1.8-4.5] compared to control women). In addition, there is nearly a 6-fold increased risk of a recurrent sPTB or midtrimester loss < 24 weeks' gestation in these women (RR 5.65 [95%CI2.6-12.0]). CONCLUSIONS In women who have had a previous sPTB in which a term in labour EmCS is a risk factor, the risk of a further sPTB is much higher than in those women where a prior sPTB is the sole risk factor. Furthermore, EmCS at both the first and second stage of labour are associated with a increased risk of recurrent sPTB. Further work should ascertain which women who have had a prior term EmCS are at risk of sPTB and recurrence, and how best to identify and treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Suff
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Vicky X Xu
- Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Glazewska-Hallin
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Carter
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shaun Brennecke
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Shennan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Kleinstern G, Zigron R, Porat S, Rosenbloom JI, Rottenstreich M, Sompolinsky Y, Rottenstreich A. Duration of the second stage of labour and risk of subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. BJOG 2022; 129:1743-1749. [PMID: 35025145 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) associated with the length of second stage of labour in the first term delivery. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING University hospital. POPULATION Women with first two consecutive singleton births and the first birth at term. Those who did not reach the second stage of labour in the first delivery were excluded. METHODS Charts from 2007 to 2019 were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rate of sPTB (<37 weeks of gestation) in the second delivery. RESULTS Of 13 958 women who met study inclusion criteria, 1464 (10.5%) parturients had a prolonged second stage (≥180 min) in their first term delivery. The rate of sPTB in the second delivery was similar in those with and without a prolonged second stage in first delivery (2.8% versus 2.8%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.35, 95% CI 0.96-1.90). After adjustment for mode of delivery, prolonged second stage was also not associated with subsequent sPTB in those who delivered by spontaneous and operative vaginal delivery. Those delivered by second-stage caesarean section in the first delivery had a higher risk of sPTB in the second delivery (25/526, 4.8%; aOR 2.66, 95% CI 1.71-4.12; p < 0.001), with a more pronounced risk in those with second-stage caesarean following a prolonged second stage of labour (15/259, 5.8%; aOR 3.40, 95% CI 1.94-5.94; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Second-stage duration in a first term vaginal delivery is not associated with subsequent sPTB. The risk of sPTB is increased following second-stage caesarean section, particularly if performed after a prolonged second stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy Zigron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shay Porat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joshua I Rosenbloom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Misgav Rottenstreich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yishay Sompolinsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amihai Rottenstreich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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