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de Sa RCL, de Andrade AJP, Antunes VR, Salvadori C, de Sa Teixeira F, Corat EJ, Moro JR, Bock EGP, Trava-Airoldi VJ. Biofunctionalization of surfaces to minimize undesirable effects in cardiovascular assistance devices. Artif Organs 2024; 48:141-149. [PMID: 38018258 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reactivity of blood with non-endothelial surface is a challenge for long-term Ventricular Assist Devices development, usually made with pure titanium, which despite of being inert, low density and high mechanical resistance it does not avoid the thrombogenic responses. Here we tested a modification on the titanium surface with Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures followed by Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) coating in different thicknesses to customize the wettability profile by changing the surface energy of the titanium. METHODS Four different surfaces were proposed: (1) Pure Titanium as Reference Material (RM), (2) Textured as Test Sample (TS), (3) Textured with DLC 0.3μm as (TSA) and (4) Textured with 2.4μm DLC as (TSB). A single implant was positioned in the abdominal aorta of Wistar rats and the effects of hemodynamic interaction were evaluated without anticoagulant drugs. RESULTS After twelve weeks, the implants were extracted and subjected to qualitative analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy under low vacuum and X-ray Energy Dispersion. The regions that remained in contact with the wall of the aorta showed encapsulation of the endothelial tissue. TSB implants, although superhydrophilic, have proven that the DLC coating inhibits the adhesion of biological material, prevents abrasive wear and delamination, as observed in the TS and TSA implants. Pseudo- neointimal layers were heterogeneously identified in higher concentration on Test Surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Correa Leoncio de Sa
- Laboratory Associated of Materials and Sensors, National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Engineering in Circulatory Assistance, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology - IDPC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aron Jose Pazin de Andrade
- Center of Engineering in Circulatory Assistance, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology - IDPC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vagner Roberto Antunes
- Laboratory of Neural Control of Circulation, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of Sao Paulo - ICBUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Salvadori
- Laboratory of Fine Films, Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo - IFUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Sa Teixeira
- Laboratory of Fine Films, Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo - IFUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Jose Corat
- Laboratory Associated of Materials and Sensors, National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao Roberto Moro
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Sao Paulo - IFSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Bock E, Pfleging W, Tada D, Macedo E, Premazzi N, Sá R, Solheid J, Besser H, Andrade A. Laser-Treated Surfaces for VADs: From Inert Titanium to Potential Biofunctional Materials. BME FRONTIERS 2022; 2022:9782562. [PMID: 37850160 PMCID: PMC10521651 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9782562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Laser-treated surfaces for ventricular assist devices. Impact Statement. This work has scientific impact since it proposes a biofunctional surface created with laser processing in bioinert titanium. Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases are the world's leading cause of death. An especially debilitating heart disease is congestive heart failure. Among the possible therapies, heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory assistance are the main treatments for its severe form at a more advanced stage. The development of biomaterials for ventricular assist devices is still being carried out. Although polished titanium is currently employed in several devices, its performance could be improved by enhancing the bioactivity of its surface. Methods. Aiming to improve the titanium without using coatings that can be detached, this work presents the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures with a topology suitable for cell adhesion and neointimal tissue formation. The surface was modified by femtosecond laser ablation and cell adhesion was evaluated in vitro by using fibroblast cells. Results. The results indicate the formation of the desired topology, since the cells showed the appropriate adhesion compared to the control group. Scanning electron microscopy showed several positive characteristics in the cells shape and their surface distribution. The in vitro results obtained with different topologies point that the proposed LIPSS would provide enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. Conclusion. The laser processes studied can create new interactions in biomaterials already known and improve the performance of biomaterials for use in ventricular assist devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Bock
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomaterials, Federal Institute of Technology in Sao Paulo (IFSP), Sao PauloBrazil
- Center of Engineering in Circulatory Assistance, Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology (IDPC), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilhelm Pfleging
- Institute for Applied Materials-Applied Materials Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dayane Tada
- Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Erenilda Macedo
- Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Premazzi
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomaterials, Federal Institute of Technology in Sao Paulo (IFSP), Sao PauloBrazil
| | - Rosa Sá
- Center of Engineering in Circulatory Assistance, Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology (IDPC), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Solheid
- Institute for Applied Materials-Applied Materials Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Heino Besser
- Institute for Applied Materials-Applied Materials Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aron Andrade
- Center of Engineering in Circulatory Assistance, Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology (IDPC), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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de Souza RL, Chabu IE, Drigo da Silva E, de Andrade AJP, Leao TF, Bock EGP. A strategy for designing of customized electromechanical actuators of blood pumps. Artif Organs 2019; 44:797-802. [PMID: 31437303 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Congestive heart failure is a pathology of global incidence that affects millions of people worldwide. When the heart weakens and fails to pump blood at physiological rates commensurate with the requirements of tissues, two main alternatives are cardiac transplant and ventricular assist devices (VADs). This article presents the design strategy for development of a customized VAD electromagnetic actuator. Electromagnetic actuator is a brushless direct current motor customized to drive the pump impeller by permanent magnets located in rotor-stator coupling. In this case, ceramic pivot bearings support the VAD impeller. Electronic circuitry controls rotation switching current in stator coils. The proposed methodology consisted of analytical numerical design, tridimensional computational modeling, numerical simulations using Maxwell software, actuator prototyping, and validation in the dynamometer. The axial flow actuator was chosen by its size and high power density compared to the radial flow type. First step consisted of estimating the required torque to drive the pump. Torque was estimated at 2100 rpm and mean current of 0.5 A. Numerical analysis using finite element method mapped vectors and fields to build stator coils and actuator assemblage. After tests in the dynamometer, experimental results were compared with numerical simulation and validated the proposed model. In conclusion, the proposed methodology for designing of VAD electromechanical actuator was considered satisfactory in terms of data consistency, feasibility, and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogerio Lima de Souza
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomaterials BIOENG, Department of Mechanics, Federal Institute of Technology in Sao Paulo IFSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Eduardo Chabu
- Laboratory of Applied Electromagnetism LMAG, Department of Electrical Engineering, Escola Politecnica EPUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro Drigo da Silva
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomaterials BIOENG, Department of Mechanics, Federal Institute of Technology in Sao Paulo IFSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Engineering in Cardiac Assistance CEAC, Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology IDPC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aron Jose Pazin de Andrade
- Center for Engineering in Cardiac Assistance CEAC, Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology IDPC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarcisio Fernandes Leao
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomaterials BIOENG, Department of Mechanics, Federal Institute of Technology in Sao Paulo IFSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Engineering in Cardiac Assistance CEAC, Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology IDPC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Guy Perpetuo Bock
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomaterials BIOENG, Department of Mechanics, Federal Institute of Technology in Sao Paulo IFSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Engineering in Cardiac Assistance CEAC, Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology IDPC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Zhu S, Luo L, Yang B, Li X, Ni K, Zhou Q, Wang X. In vitro testing of an intra-ventricular assist device. Comput Assist Surg (Abingdon) 2019; 24:89-95. [PMID: 30741034 DOI: 10.1080/24699322.2018.1560099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel pulsatile assist device, intra-ventricular assist device, was proposed to address various disadvantages existing in conventional pulsatile assist device, such as the large size, accessories and reduced pulsatility. The assist device was designed, fabricated and implanted into the sac from left ventricular apex in a home-designed mock circulatory system. In vitro test was carried out and results demonstrated that the response time did not vary with the heart rate, and co-pulsatiled synchronously with native heart by electrocardiograph. The key parameter, stroke volume of proposed device was precisely measured under different afterloads (60, 80, 100, and 120 mmHg), drive pressure (from 90 to 300 mmHg at 30 mmHg intervals), and heart rate (45-150 beats per minute). The measurement results revealed that the output characteristics of device, stroke volume increased with increasing drive pressure but decreased with increasing peripheral resistance, were consistent with the native heart. The proposed pump was then coupled with mock system that was set to a heart failure mode and the circulatory responses were tested. Results showed that the device improved left ventricular pressure from 106 to 158 mmHg, and stroke volume from 25.5 to 44 ml at 90 bpm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Zhu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Lin Luo
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Bibo Yang
- Cardiac surgery Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Kai Ni
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , China
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Abstract
In this Editor's Review, articles published in 2013 are organized by category and briefly summarized. We aim to provide a brief reflection of the currently available worldwide knowledge that is intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of technologies and methods of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration. As the official journal of The International Federation for Artificial Organs, The International Faculty for Artificial Organs, the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, the International Society for Pediatric Mechanical Cardiopulmonary Support, and the Vienna International Workshop on Functional Electrical Stimulation, Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders "to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level". Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration from all over the world. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for offering their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide so meaningful suggestions to the author's work whether eventually accepted or rejected and especially to those whose native tongue is not English. Without these excellent and dedicated reviewers the quality expected from such a journal could not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our Publisher, Wiley Periodicals, for their expert attention and support in the production and marketing of Artificial Organs. We look forward to recording further advances in the coming years.
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