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Janicijevic D, Redondo B, Jiménez R, Garcia-Ramos A, Vera J. The intraocular pressure lowering-effect of low-intensity aerobic exercise is greater in fitter individuals: a cluster analysis. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:86-97. [PMID: 35608210 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2079987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the influence of physical fitness level and sex on intraocular pressure (IOP) during the low-intensity aerobic exercise. Forty-four participants (twenty-two men) cycled 30 minutes at low intensity (10% of the maximal power). Maximal power was determined by asking participants to perform maximal sprints of 6 seconds against 3-4 different resistances separated by 3 minutes of rest. The IOP was measured on 9 occasions (1) prior to the warm-up, (2) after the warm-up, (3-7) every 6 minutes during the low-intensity cycling task, and (8-9) 5 and 10 minutes after the cycling task. Low-intensity aerobic exercise had a lowering effect on IOP, being the beneficial effect more accentuated and prolonged in the High-fit group (IOP reduction compared to baseline lasted 30 minutes) than in the Low-fit group (IOP was only reduced at 6 minutes of exercise compared to baseline). Participants´ sex had no effect on the IOP behaviour at any time point (p = 0.453). These findings indicate that individuals who need to reduce IOP levels (i.e., glaucoma patients or those at risk) should increase or maintain a high fitness level to benefit more from the IOP lowering effect during low-intensity aerobic exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Janicijevic
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Research Academy of Human Biomechanics, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Beatriz Redondo
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raimundo Jiménez
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador Garcia-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jesus Vera
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Gillmann K, Weinreb RN, Mansouri K. The effect of daily life activities on intraocular pressure related variations in open-angle glaucoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6598. [PMID: 33758276 PMCID: PMC7988182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent advent of continuous intraocular pressure (IOP) telemetry has led to an increased awareness of the importance of IOP fluctuations, and theories have emerged that IOP variations could play as much a role in glaucoma progression as the mean level of IOP. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the direct effect of common daily activities on IOP-related profiles. Primary open-angle glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients were prospectively enrolled from specialist clinics at the University of California San Diego (UCSD), USA. Patients were fitted with a SENSIMED Triggerfish (TF) contact lens sensor (CLS) and were instructed to return to their usual daily activities for 24 h. They were asked to record each specific activity or event in a diary. The protocol was repeated twice. The following events were recorded: "walking/cycling", "resistance training", "yoga/meditation", and "emotional stress". CLS measurements recorded 60-to-30 min prior to each event were used as a baseline reference, and all IOP-related fluctuations for 120 min after the start of each event were reported in relation to this reference. Forty relevant events from 22 CLS recordings in 14 patients were retrieved from the diaries. Walking/cycling (n = 10) caused a small but statistically significant elevation of the IOP-related profile during the activity (p = 0.018). Resistance training (n = 11) caused a persistent elevation of the IOP-related profile from the onset of the activity (p = 0.005) through 120 min after the activity was stopped (p = 0.007). Yoga/meditation (n = 4) caused a sustained drop in the IOP-related profiles through to 120 min, although this was not statistically significant (p > 0.380). Emotional stress (n = 13) was associated with a gradual elevation of the IOP-related profile from the start of the stressful stimulus. Both early and late variations were statistically significant (p = 0.038 and p = 0.021, respectively). The present study suggests that emotional stress and resistance training may be associated with persistent IOP-related profile elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gillmann
- Glaucoma Research Center, Montchoisi Clinic, Swiss Visio, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaweh Mansouri
- Glaucoma Research Center, Montchoisi Clinic, Swiss Visio, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA.
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Mansouri K, Rao HL, Weinreb RN. Short-Term and Long-Term Variability of Intraocular Pressure Measured with an Intraocular Telemetry Sensor in Patients with Glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2020; 128:227-233. [PMID: 32663530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the short-term and long-term variability of intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma. DESIGN Prospective study. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-two patients previously implanted with a sulcus-based IOP sensor (EyeMate, Implandata GmbH, Germany). METHODS Twenty-two patients previously implanted with the EyeMate were requested to obtain at least 4 IOP measurements daily. Data were grouped according to the eye and the medication so that an eye treated with a particular medication was considered as one group, and the same eye treated with a different medication during the observation period was considered as a different group. A day was divided into 7 periods: night, midnight to 5:59 am; early, 6 am to 7:59 am; morning, 8 am to 10:59 am; noon, 11 am to 1:59 pm; afternoon, 2 pm to 5:59 pm; evening, 6 pm to 8:59 pm; and late, 9 pm to 11:59 pm. Short-term variability during a particular period was defined as the variability in IOP measurements obtained during that period on different days within 3 months of each other. Long-term variability was defined as the variability in IOP measurements obtained during a particular period on different days over a period of 1 year or more. Variability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS The mean age of study participants was 67.8 ± 6.8 years and 36.4% were women. The mean follow-up duration of patients was 19.2 ± 21.3 months (median, 9 months; range, 1-58 months). Overall, 92 860 IOP measurements over 15 811 measurement days were obtained and analyzed during the study period. The number of measurements obtained from each eye ranged from 1 daily to 277 daily. Intraclass correlation coefficients for short-term variability among the 7 periods during the day ranged from 0.52 (morning) to 0.66 (early). Long-term ICCs ranged from 0.29 (night) to 0.51 (late). CONCLUSIONS Continual IOP monitoring showed that IOP has moderate short-term and high long-term variability in glaucoma patients. These findings demonstrate that single IOP measurements do not characterize day-to-day variations in IOP. Moreover, they show the importance of continual IOP monitoring in glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaweh Mansouri
- Glaucoma Research Center, Montchoisi Clinic, Swiss Visio Network, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Gillmann K, Bravetti GE, Niegowski LJ, Mansouri K. Using sensors to estimate intraocular pressure: a review of intraocular pressure telemetry in clinical practice. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2019.1681264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gillmann
- Glaucoma Research Center, Montchoisi Clinic, Swiss Visio, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Kaweh Mansouri
- Glaucoma Research Center, Montchoisi Clinic, Swiss Visio, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
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Sanchez I, Martin R. Advances in diagnostic applications for monitoring intraocular pressure in Glaucoma: A review. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2019; 12:211-221. [PMID: 31405810 PMCID: PMC6978552 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Continuous intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring for improving glaucoma diagnosis and treatment has remained a challenge for the past 60 years because glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Several devices with different measurement principles and recently developed biosensors with semiconductor materials offer exciting properties. However, none of these devices for continuous IOP monitoring have been fully integrated into clinical practice, primarily due to technical problems. This review summarizes state-of-the-art biosensors developed for IOP monitoring by explaining their basic functions and applications, the main technology (pressure transductors, piezoresistive sensors, capacitive sensors, and resonant sensors), measurement approach (noninvasive, minimally invasive or invasive (surgically implantable)), and telemetry characteristics. To provide updated information for clinicians and researchers, we also describe the advantages and limitations of the application of these new sensors to eye care management. Despite significant improvements in IOP biosensor technology, the accuracy of their measurements must be improved to obtain a clear equivalence with actual IOP (measured in units of mmHg) to facilitate their clinical application. In addition, telemetry systems may be simplified to prevent adverse outcomes for patients and to guarantee the safety of stored data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sanchez
- Universidad de Valladolid, Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Paseo de Belén, 7, Campus Miguel Delibes, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Universidad de Valladolid, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Paseo de Belén, 17, Campus Miguel Delibes, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain.
| | - Raul Martin
- Universidad de Valladolid, Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Paseo de Belén, 7, Campus Miguel Delibes, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Universidad de Valladolid, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Paseo de Belén, 17, Campus Miguel Delibes, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain; School of Health Professions, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL68BH, UK
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Kim YW, Park KH. Exogenous influences on intraocular pressure. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 103:1209-1216. [PMID: 30910873 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP), the pressure within the eyeball, is a function mainly of the production and elimination of aqueous humour. Balanced IOP helps to maintain the eyeball contour, allowing proper refraction of light in the anterior segment of the eye. Increases in IOP can cause injury to the ocular structure, typically the optic nerve head and retinal ganglion cells. IOP increase, additionally, is a risk factor for glaucoma progression. However, it is not unusual that glaucoma worsens despite well-managed IOP; indeed, glaucoma can develop and progress even within the normal IOP range. IOP measured once during daytime office hours might not provide sufficient information for effective glaucoma management. In fact, IOP is not a fixed value but rather changes over time: it fluctuates with the intrinsic circadian rhythm and can also change in various lifestyle-related situations (eg, with body posture, during exercise, while holding breath and according to dietary habits). It is therefore worth exploring the various factors that can affect IOP and glaucoma risk. In this review, the various exogenous influences on IOP in the literature are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woo Kim
- Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gillmann K, Hoskens K, Mansouri K. Acute emotional stress as a trigger for intraocular pressure elevation in Glaucoma. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:69. [PMID: 30849950 PMCID: PMC6408777 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to a cascade of metabolic reactions. Emotional stress is a more specific form of stress in which the stressor is a psychological response to a situation subjectively perceived as traumatic. Stress hormones can have a wide range of effects on the body, however, it is still unclear if and how it can affect ophthalmic physiology. This report presents a case of severe ocular hypertension in which emotional stress was the only cause elicited, and explores potential aggravating factors. Case presentation A 78-year-old, personality type A, lady with a history of pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma presented with an acute asymmetrical raise in intraocular pressure (IOP) immediately following a family breakdown. Her IOP had previously remained stable following a deep sclerectomy in the right eye and an Ex-PRESS shunt in the left eye. Her examination was entirely normal otherwise, with a patent filtration and diffuse bleb as confirmed with anterior segment OCT imaging. Near-normalisation of her IOP was observed within 24 h, concomitantly with the reduction of her stress levels. No other cause for the transient acute hypertensive episode were found. Conclusions This case report suggests that acute emotional stress could severely affect IOP in patients suffering from glaucoma. This could be important when looking after glaucoma patients. It would also suggest that the personnality types, and the emotional and social context are more factors to take into account in glaucoma studies. These observations are based on a single case report and would need to be verified on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gillmann
- Glaucoma Research Center, Montchoisi Clinic, Swiss Visio Network, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Hoskens
- Glaucoma Research Center, Montchoisi Clinic, Swiss Visio Network, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kaweh Mansouri
- Glaucoma Research Center, Montchoisi Clinic, Swiss Visio Network, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA.
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Effects of Sex Hormones on Ocular Blood Flow and Intraocular Pressure in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The Effect of Orgasm and Sexual Activity. J Glaucoma 2019; 28:e66. [PMID: 30601224 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Muscular Strength Is Associated with Higher Intraocular Pressure in Physically Active Males. Optom Vis Sci 2018; 95:143-149. [PMID: 29370027 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The positive association between intraocular pressure (IOP) and relative maximum force may have relevance for exercise recommendations when IOP is a concern. PURPOSE The relationship between exercise and IOP has been approached in several studies. However, the influence of muscle function on IOP remains underexplored. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the maximal mechanical capabilities of muscles to generate force, velocity, and power with IOP. METHODS Sixty-five physically active males participated in this cross-sectional study. Baseline IOP measures were obtained by rebound tonometry, and participants performed an incremental loading test in the ballistic bench press. RESULTS Baseline IOP showed a strong positive correlation with relative maximum force (r65 = 0.85, P < .001) relative maximum power (r65 = 0.85, P < .001), and relative one-repetition maximum (r65 = 0.91, P < .001). Also, a moderate positive association was obtained between baseline IOP and maximum force (r65 = 0.74, P < .001), maximum power (r65 = 0.72, P < .001), and maximum dynamic strength (r65 = 0.80, P < .001). No significant correlations between IOP and maximal velocity were obtained (all P > .05). CONCLUSIONS There is a positive association between greater upper-body power and strength with higher baseline IOP, which might have important implications in the management of ocular health and especially in individuals constantly involved in resistance training programs (e.g., military personnel, weightlifters). The possible protective effect of high fitness level on the acute IOP response to strength exercise needs to be addressed in future studies.
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Intraocular Pressure Responses to Maximal Cycling Sprints Against Different Resistances: The Influence of Fitness Level. J Glaucoma 2017; 26:881-887. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vera J, Jiménez R, García JA, Cárdenas D. Intraocular pressure is sensitive to cumulative and instantaneous mental workload. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 60:313-319. [PMID: 28166891 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We used a repeated-measures design to assess the impact of mental-task complexity on intraocular pressure (IOP). Fourteen participants performed three continuous 11-min blocks of a mental-workload task (3-back) and an oddball version of this task. Also, heart-rate variability (HRV), cognitive-performance scores, and subjective measure of mental load (NASA-TLX) were determined. IOP was taken before each block and afterwards as well as after recovery from mental tasks. We found that IOP increased during heavy mental workloads (p < 0.01). Consistent with this finding, the autonomic control (HRV) and the cognitive performance were significantly lower (p < 0.045, and p < 0.01, respectively), and the NASA-TLX scores were higher during the 3-back task (p < 0.01). We conclude that IOP is sensitive to mental workload, and it could provide a novel neuroergonomic tool to assess mental workload. Our study highlights a potential association between IOP and the nervous system's state of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Vera
- Department of Optics, University of Granada, Spain; Sport and Health University Mixed Institute, University of Granada, Spain.
| | | | | | - David Cárdenas
- Sport and Health University Mixed Institute, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Spain
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Aptel F, Weinreb RN, Chiquet C, Mansouri K. 24-h monitoring devices and nyctohemeral rhythms of intraocular pressure. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 55:108-148. [PMID: 27477112 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is not a fixed value and varies over both the short term and periods lasting several months or years. In particular, IOP is known to vary throughout the 24-h period of a day, defined as a nyctohemeral rhythm in humans. In clinical practice, it is crucial to evaluate the changes in IOP over 24 h in several situations, including the diagnosis of ocular hypertension and glaucoma (IOP is often higher at night) and to optimize the therapeutic management of glaucoma. Until recently, all evaluations of 24-h IOP rhythm were performed using repeated IOP measurements, requiring individuals to be awakened for nocturnal measurements. This method may be imperfect, because it is not physiologic and disturbs the sleep architecture, and also because it provides a limited number of time point measurements not sufficient to finely asses IOP changes. These limitations may have biased previous descriptions of physiological IOP rhythm. Recently, extraocular and intraocular devices integrating a pressure sensor for continuous IOP monitoring have been developed and are available for use in humans. The objective of this article is to present the contributions of these new 24-h monitoring devices for the study of the nyctohemeral rhythms. In healthy subjects and untreated glaucoma subjects, a nyctohemeral rhythm is consistently found and frequently characterized by a mean diurnal IOP lower than the mean nocturnal IOP, with a diurnal bathyphase - usually in the middle or at the end of the afternoon - and a nocturnal acrophase, usually in the middle or at the end of the night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Aptel
- Inserm U1042, Hypoxia and Physiopathology Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christophe Chiquet
- Inserm U1042, Hypoxia and Physiopathology Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Kaweh Mansouri
- Glaucoma Center, Montchoisi Clinic, Swiss Vision Network, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA.
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Resende AF, Yung ES, Waisbourd M, Katz LJ. Monitoring intra ocular pressure in glaucoma: current recommendations and emerging cutting-edge technologies. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2015.1100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review current status and future of ambulatory 24-h intraocular pressure monitoring. Despite important advances in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma during the last decade, the fundamental understanding of intraocular pressure, its only modifiable risk factor, remains elusive. The current practice of single intraocular pressure measurements during a clinic visit does not adequately reflect the variability of intraocular pressure throughout the 24-h day. RECENT FINDINGS There has been considerable progress recently with the prototype and commercial introduction of continuous 24-h intraocular pressure monitoring devices. Implantable intraocular pressure sensors have the advantage to directly measure intraocular pressure over many months and years, whereas temporary (contact lens based) approaches provide a noninvasive alternative for repeated 24-h periods. This review provides an overview of implantable devices as well as a critical assessment of a 24-h contact lens sensor. SUMMARY Recent advances in microelectromechanical systems and nanoelectromechanical systems have enabled the development of 24-h intraocular pressure monitoring devices. Once these technologies have shown their safety and efficacy, larger questions as to the data interpretation and handling will arise. It is likely that the use of 24-h intraocular pressure monitoring will herald fundamental changes in our understanding and management of glaucoma.
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Panos GD, Gatzioufas Z. Effect of hyperprolactinaemia on intra-ocular pressure. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92:e326. [PMID: 24028445 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Panos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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