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Nergiz D, Süren E, Süren D. The role of HPV in the etiopathogenesis of pterygium and the relationship with recurrence. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:3793-3801. [PMID: 37422852 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV in pterygium with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and to investigate the relationship with clinicopathological factors. A secondary aim was to evaluate the relationship between HPV and the recurrence of pterygium. METHODS The study included 60 patients. PCR analysis was used to determine the presence of HPV. All the patients were followed up in respect of the development of recurrence. Analyses were performed of patient age, pterygium site, specimen and pterygium size, histopathological findings, HPV status, operation technique and postoperative follow-up findings. In the HPV-positive patients, the relationship between HPV subtypes and other factors was evaluated. To determine the risk factors affecting recurrence rates, multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied subsequent to univariate analysis. In the Cox regression model, HPV status, age, sex, specimen size, size and site of pterygium were included among factors that may affect recurrences rates. RESULTS Of the total 60 patients, the HPV-PCR test result could not be analysed in 14 because of an insufficient sample. Of the 46 patients with sufficient material for HPV-PCR analysis, the HPV-PCR result was positive in 15 (32.6%). The HPV subtype most often determined was type 16. No statistically significant relationship was determined between HPV positivity and HPV subtype and age or sex. Recurrence was determined in 10% of all the patients. Of the cases determined with recurrence, 66.7% were HPV positive. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the recurrence rates in HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients were 26.7% and 6.5%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between two groups in terms of recurrence rates (p: 0.046). According to the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, though not statistically significant, the risk of recurrence was increased 6.18 times in HPV-positive patients with pterygium compared to HPV-negative ones. CONCLUSION HPV infection may have a role in the development of pterygium and recurrence, but may not be sufficient alone. HPV probably has a role in the development of pterygium by acting together with several co-factors in the multi-stage process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Döndü Nergiz
- Department of Pathology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Kazım Karabekir Street, 07050, Muratpaşa, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Elçin Süren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Dinç Süren
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences University, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Sámano-Hernández L, Y G, González-Márquez H, Corazón-Martínez L, Lucio VM BD. Human papilloma virus presence and its physical status in primary pterygium. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16189. [PMID: 37234612 PMCID: PMC10208819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterygium is one of the most frequent pathologies in ophthalmology, and is a benign, overgrowth of fibrovascular tissue, often with a wing-like appearance, from the conjunctiva over the cornea. It is composed of an epithelium and highly vascular, sub-epithelial, loose connective tissue. There is much debate surround the pathogenesis of pterygium and a number of theories have been put forward including genetic instability, cellular proliferation, inflammatory influence, and degeneration of connective tissue, angiogenesis, aberrant apoptosis and viral infection. At present, the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the genesis of pterygium is controversial, as have reported that HPV is present in 58% of cases, while others have failed to detect HPV in pterygium. In this study, we evaluated the presence and viral genotype of HPV DNA in pterygia and healthy conjunctiva sample, and virus integration into the cellular genome. Forty primary pterygia samples and 12 healthy conjunctiva samples were analyzed to HPV DNA presence by polymerase chain reaction, using MY09/MY11 primers of HPV-L1 gene. Viral genotype was identified by DNA sequence analysis of this amplicon. HPV integration into the cellular genome was analyzed by western blot detecting HPV-L1 capsid protein. Presence of HPV was observed in 19 of the 40 pterygia samples. In contrast, healthy conjunctiva samples were negative. To determine virus type, sequence analyses were performed. Interestingly, 11 out of the 19-pterygium samples were identified as HPV-11 type, meanwhile, the remaining 8 pterygium samples were identified as HPV-18. HPV-L1 capsid protein were found only in 3 out of the 10 samples studied. In conclusion, our study identified the presence of HPV DNA exclusively in pterygium samples and described HPV-11 and -18 genotypes. Our results suggest that HPV may be involved in the pathogenesis of pterygium. On the other hand, the expression of the L1-HPV protein suggests viral integration into the cellular genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslye Sámano-Hernández
- Microbiology and Ocular Proteomics, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca, 14 Colonia Obrera, 06800, México City, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Garfias Y
- Cellular Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca, 14 Colonia Obrera, 06800, México City, Mexico
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Insurgentes Sur 3000, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto González-Márquez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L.A. Corazón-Martínez
- Microbiology and Ocular Proteomics, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca, 14 Colonia Obrera, 06800, México City, Mexico
| | - Bautista-de Lucio VM
- Microbiology and Ocular Proteomics, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca, 14 Colonia Obrera, 06800, México City, Mexico
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Mastronikolis S, Adamopoulou M, Tsiambas E, Makri OΕ, Pagkalou M, Thomopoulou VK, Georgakopoulos CD. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor expression patterns in non- Human Papillomavirus - related pterygia: an experimental study on cell spot arrays digital analysis. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1003-1008. [PMID: 35322737 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2058018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of angiogenic factors -such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - in development and progression of pterygia lesions remains under investigation. In the current study, we analyzed VEGF protein expression in a series of pterygia and normal conjunctiva epithelia. METHODS Using a liquid based cytology assay, thirty (n = 30) cell specimens were obtained by applying a smooth scraping on conjunctiva epithelia and fixed accordingly. None of them had a history of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Similarly, the same process was applied also in normal conjunctiva epithelia (n = 10; control group). We constructed five (n = 5) slides each containing eight (n = 8) cell spots. An immunocytochemistry (ICC) assay was implemented. Digital image analysis was also performed for evaluating objectively the corresponding immunostaining intensity levels. RESULTS All the examined pterygia cell samples over expressed the marker. High staining intensity levels were detected in 15/30 (50%), whereas the rest 15/30 (50%) demonstrated moderate expression. Overall VEGF expression was statistically significantly higher in pterygia compared to normal conjunctiva epithelia (p=.0001). Concerning the other parameters, VEGF protein expression did not associate with the gender of the patients (p = 0.518), the presence of recurrent lesion (p = 0.311), the anatomical location (p = 0.191) or with their morphology (p = 0.316). Interestingly, the recurrent lesions demonstrated the highest levels of VEGF expression. CONCLUSIONS VEGF over expression is a frequent event in pterygia playing a potentially central molecular role in the progression of the lesion. Cell spot array analysis -based on liquid cytology- seems to be an innovative, easy to use technique for analyzing a broad variety of molecules in multiple specimens on the same slide by applying different ICC assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Adamopoulou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Olga Ε Makri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rion - Achaia, Greece
| | - Marina Pagkalou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes - Heraklion, Greece
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Chalkia AK, Tseliou M, Bontzos G, Tsakalis NG, Liakopoulos DA, Blazaki S, Sourvinos G, Detorakis ET. Association between HPV detection in swab samples and tissue specimens and ophthalmic pterygium recurrence. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:3077-3082. [PMID: 34155561 PMCID: PMC8216874 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the presence of HPV on the ocular surface after surgical excision of HPV infected pterygia and the possible correlation of HPV with pterygium postoperative recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both exfoliative pterygium swab samples and respective tissue specimens were received and analyzed with real-time PCR for the detection of HPV-infected pterygia. In addition, swab samples from patients that had HPV-infected pterygia with no recurrence after 1 year of follow-up, as well as swab samples from patients with healthy conjunctiva, were analyzed. RESULTS Forty eyes with pterygium of 40 patients and 40 eyes with normal conjunctiva were included in the study. HPV virus was detected in the tissue specimens of 11 patients (27.5%) and in the swabs of 9 patients (22.5%). The HPV subtypes detected were 33, 39, 45, 56, 59, 66, and 68. The swab test had sensitivity of 81.82% and 100% specificity. In 15 (43%) patients, a bare sclera technique was used for pterygium removal and eleven of these patients showed recurrence of the disease. Surgical excision with use of autologous conjunctival graft was performed in twenty patients and five of them had recurrence. Patients with recurrent disease were 12.41 times more likely to have an HPV-infected pterygium (p = 0.031). Furthermore, from the 11 HPV positive patients, six had no recurrence, 1 year after surgery. In five of them, a swab sample was taken from the site of the surgical excision 1 year after surgery and real-time PCR was negative for HPV presence. CONCLUSION Persistence of HPV infection seems to be correlated with postoperative pterygium recurrence. Further investigation with the use of the minimally invasive proposed swab technique may contribute in the understanding of pterygium pathogenesis and in the development of a more efficient treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini K Chalkia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Tseliou
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos G Tsakalis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Liakopoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Styliani Blazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios Sourvinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Virology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Efstathios T Detorakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Shahraki T, Arabi A, Feizi S. Pterygium: an update on pathophysiology, clinical features, and management. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2021; 13:25158414211020152. [PMID: 34104871 PMCID: PMC8170279 DOI: 10.1177/25158414211020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterygium is a relatively common ocular surface disease. The clinical aspects and
the treatment options have been studied since many years ago, but many
uncertainties still exist. The core pathologic pathway and the role of heredity
in the development of pterygium are still attractive fields for the researchers.
The role of pterygium in corneal irregularities, in addition to the refractive
properties of pterygium removal, has been increasingly recognized through
numerous studies. The association between pterygium and ocular surface neoplasia
is challenging the traditional beliefs regarding the safe profile of the
disease. The need for a comprehensive clinical classification system has
encouraged homogenization of trials and prediction of the recurrence rate of the
pterygium following surgical removal. Evolving surgical methods have been
associated with some complications, whose diagnosis and management are necessary
for ophthalmic surgeons. According to the review, the main risk factor of
pterygium progression remains to be the ultraviolet exposure. A major part of
the clinical evaluation should consist of differentiating between typical and
atypical pterygia, where the latter may be associated with the risk of ocular
surface neoplasia. The effect of pterygium on astigmatism and the aberrations of
the cornea may evoke the need for an early removal with a purpose of reducing
secondary refractive error. Among the surgical methods, conjunctival or
conjunctival-limbal autografting seems to be the first choice for ophthalmic
surgeons because the recurrence rate following the procedure has been reported
to be lower, compared with other procedures. The use of adjuvant options is
supported in the literature, where intraoperative and postoperative mitomycin C
has been the adjuvant treatment of choice. The efficacy and safety of
anti–vascular endothelial growth factor agents and cyclosporine have been
postulated; however, their exact role in the treatment of the pterygium requires
further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Shahraki
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Arabi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 16666, Iran
| | - Sepehr Feizi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kasetsuwan N, Bhattarakosol P, Reinprayoon U, Chantaren P, Thammachotiruj L, Maneerat N. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Pterygia from Thai Individuals. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 29:85-90. [PMID: 33736562 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1900278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Pterygium, a common ocular growth, has an unknown pathogenesis and aetiology. Environmental factors such as ultraviolet light, genetic factors and viral infections may be implicated in the development of pterygia. Human papillomavirus (HPV), an oncogenic virus, has previous been detected in individuals with pterygia. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HPV genotypes in pterygia from Thai individuals.Methods: DNA was extracted from 389 pterygia. HPV was detected by nested PCR and HPV genotyping was conducted using reverse hybridization. The DNA sequences of HPV-L1 genes were analyzed.Results: HPV was detected in only 6.8% (25/389) of pterygia from Thai individuals. The majority (16/25, 64%) of strains were genotyped as HPV-16 and the remainder (9/25, 36%) could not be typed. Four pterygia showed evidence of coinfection by HPV-16 and either HPV-18 (2/25, 8%) or HPV-58 (2/25, 8%). Nine of 11 samples showed the same HPV-16 L1 gene sequence that was identical to a HPV-16 reference sequence in GenBank. The remaining two samples each bore silent single nucleotide mutations (T1078G and T1081A) that did not result in amino acid changes.Conclusion: HPV, especially HPV-16, may be one of the pathogens causing pterygia in Thai individuals. Genotyping data suggested that HPV-16 from pterygia may be similar in sequence to HPV-16 causing cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngamjit Kasetsuwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Cornea and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parvapan Bhattarakosol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Applied Medical Virology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usanee Reinprayoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchima Chantaren
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Luckana Thammachotiruj
- Department of Microbiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nipaporn Maneerat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chaophaya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Prachinburi, Thailand
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Lack of HPV in pterygium with no evidence of autoinoculation and the role of cytokines in pterygium with dry eye. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2842. [PMID: 33531557 PMCID: PMC7854664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated human papillomavirus's (HPV) role in pterygium pathogenesis, its autoinoculation from genitalia to ocular surface, potential cytokines involved, and crosstalk cytokines between pterygium and dry eye (DE). This cross-sectional study enrolled 25 healthy controls (HCs) and 116 pterygium patients. Four subgroups of pterygium and DE were used in cytokine evaluations. Conjunctival and pterygium swabs and first-void urine samples (i.e., genitalia samples) were collected for HPV DNA detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tear cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tears were evaluated. No HPV DNA was detected in conjunctival or pterygium swabs. No association was found between HPV DNA in urine samples and that from conjunctival or pterygium swabs. Tear VEGF levels were significantly higher in pterygium patients than in HCs, with no markedly different levels between primary and recurrent pterygia. Tear IL-6, IL-18, and tear VEGF were significantly higher in participants with DE, regardless of pterygium status. In conclusion, HPV infection was not a pathogenic factor of pterygia. The hypothesis of HPV transmitting from the genitals to ocular surfaces was nullified. Tear VEGF was involved in both pterygia and DE, whereas tear IL-6 and IL-18 played roles only in DE.
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Abstract
CONTEXT - Human papillomavirus (HPV) has a well-known role in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions of the cervix, anogenital region, and head and neck, but its role in the development of squamous neoplasms of the eye, particularly the conjunctiva, remains unclear. OBJECTIVE - To review recent evidence implicating HPV in the pathophysiology of ocular lesions. DATA SOURCES - Published articles obtained from a PubMed search of the English literature were the primary sources for this review. CONCLUSIONS - The low-risk HPV types 6 and 11 appear to play a role in the development of at least a subset of conjunctival squamous papillomas. The role of HPV in the pathogenesis of pterygium and ocular surface squamous neoplasia is less well defined. There is evidence to suggest that HPV may be a cofactor in the development of these lesions, acting in concert with ultraviolet radiation and/or human immunodeficiency virus infection in a subgroup of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kymberly A Gyure
- From the Department of Pathology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown
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Chalkia AK, Bontzos G, Spandidos DA, Detorakis ET. Human papillomavirus infection and ocular surface disease (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1503-1510. [PMID: 30896784 PMCID: PMC6438422 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated as a primary cause of lesions in the anogenital region, skin, oropharynx and respiratory tract. Additionally, the role of HPV in the pathogenesis of ocular surface disease has also been extensively studied. Conjunctival papilloma development has been strongly associated with the HPV infection of certain subtypes. On the other hand, the role of HPV in conjunctival pterygium, conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) remains controversial. Genetic predisposition and environmental factor is important in HPV hosts as regards the pathogenesis of ocular surface disease. Several studies have indicate a synergic role of HPV with ultraviolet radiation in pterygium establishment. A higher recurrence risk rate and more aggressive disease of ophthalmic pterygium is observed in cases of HPV infection. The purpose of this review was to provide a systematic review of the literature and to assist in a better understanding of the role of HPV in ocular surface disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini K Chalkia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios Bontzos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Red Cross Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Department of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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Non-invasive detection of HPV DNA in exfoliative samples from ophthalmic pterygium: a feasibility study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 256:193-198. [PMID: 29124395 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The evaluation of a non-invasive detection method for human papilloma virus (HPV) in ophthalmic pterygia. METHODS Cotton swab samples and corresponding tissue specimens were collected from 21 ophthalmic pterygia of 21 patients. HPV detection and typing were performed by real-time PCR. Discrepancies in HPV detection between swab and tissue samples as well as clinical correlations of findings were examined. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 9 (42.86%) tissue specimens and 8 (38.09%) respective swab specimens. HPV genotypes 33, 39, 45, 56, 59 and 66 were identified in the examined specimens, while more than one strain's HPV type was detected in 2 specimens. HPV presence was significantly correlated with the female gender whereas other clinical associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings imply that PCR-mediated HPV detection and typing in exfoliative swab specimens may be employed as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in the management of ophthalmic pterygia.
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Baloch Z, Yuan T, Yindi S, Feng Y, Tai W, Liu Y, Liu L, Zhang A, Wang B, Wu X, Xia X. Prevalence of genital human papillomavirus among rural and urban populations in southern Yunnan province, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5254. [PMID: 27254662 PMCID: PMC4932820 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate and compare the HPV prevalence, genotypes distribution and associated risk factors in rural and urban women living in Xishuang Banna district, in the province of Yunnan. A total of 177 and 190 women from rural and urban areas were engaged, respectively. HPV DNA was amplified using the L1 consensus primers system (MY09/11 and GP5/6) and HPV GenoArray test was conducted for genotyping. Proportions were compared by chi-square test, and logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors. A total of 54 women were positive for HPV DNA. Among rural women, 23 women were positive for HPV infection, of which 21 showed a single infection and 2 had a multiple infection. HPV-16 (10/23) was the most prevalent genotype followed by HPV-52 (5/23), and HPV-58 (5/23). Urban women had a higher infection rate for overall HPV (31/54) and for multiple genotype infection (8/31). HPV-52 (9/31) was the most prevalent genotype followed by HPV-39 (7/31) and HPV-68 (5/31). The age-specific HPV prevalence was also different between rural and urban women. In urban area, women with age <35 years had the highest HPV prevalence, which declined thereafter as age advanced. However, in rural women the highest HPV prevalence was observed in an older age group (>56 years). Ethnicity, smoking and parity were significantly associated with HPV infection among urban women. Our study demonstrates that HPV prevalence and genotype distribution varies among women from rural and urban areas in the south of Yunnan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - T Yuan
- Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - S Yindi
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Y Feng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - W Tai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Y Liu
- Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - L Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - A Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - B Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - X Wu
- Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - X Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Hamed-Azzam S, Edison N, Briscoe D, Mukari A, Elmalah I. Identification of human papillomavirus in pterygium. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:e195-7. [PMID: 25864511 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the involvement of human papillomavirus in the pathogenesis of primary and recurrent pterygium in northern Israel. METHODS A retrospective study examined 100 randomly chosen pterygium specimens with solar elastosis, from 100 patients who underwent pterygium surgery during 2012-2013 at the Emek Medical Center. All the specimens were analysed for evidence of human papillomavirus infection by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Human papillomavirus was not detected in any of the 100 pterygia samples by immunohistochemistry. These used samples were taken from 100 patients with mean age of 51.5 years and a primary: recurrent ratio of 8.09:1. CONCLUSION We conclude from our study that human papillomavirus infection does not appear to be an important pathogenic factor of pterygium in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Edison
- The Tissue Diagnostics and Cancer Research Institute; Emek Medical Center; Afula Israel
| | - Daniel Briscoe
- Department of Ophthalmology; Emek Medical Center; Afula Israel
| | - Abed Mukari
- Department of Ophthalmology; Emek Medical Center; Afula Israel
| | - Irit Elmalah
- The Tissue Diagnostics and Cancer Research Institute; Emek Medical Center; Afula Israel
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Cardenas-Cantu E, Valenzuela J, Zavala J, Valdez-Garcýa JE. Basis of Pterygium Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5005/highlights-44-6-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Pterygium pathogenesis is mainly related to UV light exposure. However, the exact mechanisms by which it is formed have not been elucidated. Clinical advances in surgical treatment use conjunctival autografts and amniotic membranes in combination with adjuvant therapies, including mitomycin C, β-radiation, and 5-fluoroacil, to reduce recurrence. Several studies aim to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying pterygium growth and proliferation. They demonstrate the role of different factors, such as viruses, oxidative stress, DNA methylation, apoptotic and oncogenic proteins, loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, inflammatory mediators, extracellular matrix modulators, lymphangiogenesis, cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and alterations in cholesterol metabolism in pterygium development. Understanding the molecular basis of pterygium provides new potential therapeutic targets for its prevention and elimination. This review focuses on providing a broad overview of what is currently known regarding molecular mechanisms of pterygium pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cárdenas-Cantú
- a Ophthalmology Research Chair, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Monterrey , Mexico and
| | - Judith Zavala
- a Ophthalmology Research Chair, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Monterrey , Mexico and
| | - Jorge Valenzuela
- a Ophthalmology Research Chair, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Monterrey , Mexico and
| | - Jorge E Valdez-García
- a Ophthalmology Research Chair, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Monterrey , Mexico and.,b Ophthalmology Institute, Tec Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Monterrey , Mexico
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