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Chen W, Zhu Y, Liu R, Kong B, Xia N, Zhao Y, Sun L. Screening Therapeutic Effects of MSC-EVs to Acute Lung Injury Model on A Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303123. [PMID: 38084928 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a lethal disease with high mortality rate, and its physiologically relevant models that could mimic human disease processes are urgently needed to study pathophysiology and predict drug efficacy. Here, this work presents a novel lipopolysaccharide (LPS) based ALI model on a microfluidic chip that reconstitutes an air-liquid interface lined by human alveolar epithelium and microvascular endothelium for screening the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) to the biomimetic ALI. The air-liquid interface is established by coculture of alveolar epithelium and microvascular endothelium on the opposite sides of the porous membrane. The functionalized architecture is characterized by integrate cell layers and suitable permeability. Using this biomimetic microsystem, LPS based ALI model is established, which exhibits the disrupted alveolar-capillary barrier, reduced transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and impaired expression of junction proteins. As a reliable disease model, this work examines the effects of MSC-EVs, and the data indicate the therapeutic potential of EVs for severe ALI. MSC-EVs can alleviate barrier disruption by restoring both the epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity. They hope this study can become a unique approach to study human pathophysiology of ALI and advance drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yujuan Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Nan Xia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China
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Hammer M, Herth J, Muuss M, Schickhardt S, Scheuerle A, Khoramnia R, Łabuz G, Uhl P, Auffarth GU. Forward Light Scattering of First to Third Generation Vitreous Body Replacement Hydrogels after Surgical Application Compared to Conventional Silicone Oils and Vitreous Body. Gels 2023; 9:837. [PMID: 37888410 PMCID: PMC10606486 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To treat certain vitreoretinal diseases, the vitreous body, a hydrogel composed of mostly collagen and hyaluronic acid, must be removed. After vitrectomy surgery, the vitreous cavity is filled with an endotamponade. Previously, pre-clinical hydrogel-based vitreous body substitutes either made from uncrosslinked monomers (1st generation), preformed crosslinked polymers (2nd generation), or in situ gelating polymers (3rd generation) have been developed. Forward light scattering is a measure of Stray light induced by optical media, when increased, causing visual disturbance and glare. During pinhole surgery, the hydrogels are injected into the vitreous cavity through a small 23G-cannula. The aim of this study was to assess if and to what extent forward light scattering is induced by vitreous body replacement hydrogels and if Stray light differs between different generations of vitreous body hydrogel replacements due to the different gelation mechanisms and fragmentation during injection. A modified C-Quant setup was used to objectively determine forward light scattering. In this study, we found that the 1st and 3rd generation vitreous body replacements show very low stray light levels even after injection (2.8 +/- 0.4 deg2/sr and 0.2 +/- 0.2 deg2/sr, respectively) as gel fragmentation and generation of interfaces is circumvented. The 2nd generation preformed hydrogels showed a permanent increase in stray light after injection that will most likely lead to symptoms such as glare when used in patients (11.9 +/- 0.9 deg2/sr). Stray light of the 2nd generation hydrogels was 3- and 2-fold increased compared to juvenile and aged vitreous bodies, respectively. In conclusion, this significant downside in the forward light scattering of the 2nd generation hydrogels should be kept in mind when developing vitreous body replacement strategies, as any source of stray light should be minimized in patients with retinal comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hammer
- David J Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Herth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Muuss
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Schickhardt
- David J Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.H.)
| | - Alexander Scheuerle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ramin Khoramnia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Łabuz
- David J Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Uhl
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Uwe Auffarth
- David J Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Gao AY, Haak AJ, Bakri SJ. In vitro laboratory models of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:861-874. [PMID: 37209723 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), the most common cause of recurrent retinal detachment, is characterized by the formation and contraction of fibrotic membranes on the surface of the retina. There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs to prevent or treat PVR. Therefore, it is necessary to develop accurate in vitro models of the disease that will enable researchers to screen drug candidates and prioritize the most promising candidates for clinical studies. We provide a summary of recent in vitro PVR models, as well as avenues for model improvement. Several in vitro PVR models were identified, including various types of cell cultures. Additionally, novel techniques that have not been used to model PVR were identified, including organoids, hydrogels, and organ-on-a-chip models. Novel ideas for improving in vitro PVR models are highlighted. Researchers may consult this review to help design in vitro models of PVR, which will aid in the development of therapies to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Y Gao
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sophie J Bakri
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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Intravitreal Application: Physicochemical Properties of Drugs Dissolved in Silicone Oils of Different Density in Comparison to the Porcine Vitreous Body. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071364. [PMID: 35890260 PMCID: PMC9319045 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicone oil endotamponades provide a reservoir for drugs in the eye. Following vitrectomy surgery to treat retinal detachments, extensive diabetic retinopathy or endophthalmitis, they can be used as long-term lipophilic depots. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of intravitreally applied drugs of different lipophilicity, namely vancomycin, ceftazidime and voriconazole. For this purpose, an in vitro model of the silicone-oil-filled eye compared to porcine vitreous bodies (PVBs) was used. In a glass container, either light or heavy silicone oil or PVB was set into equilibrium with an aqueous fluid. Vancomycin, voriconazole and ceftazidime were added in concentrations commonly applied in clinical practice. The time course of the concentration of the drugs was determined in the hydrophilic phase for up to 24 h. With silicone oil present, the concentrations of vancomycin, voriconazole and ceftazidime were elevated in the aqueous humor when compared to the vitreous body (p < 0.001 for all drugs). With increasing lipophilicity, higher concentrations of the drug dissolved in silicone oil after 24 h (52.7%, 49.1% and 34.3% for vancomycin, ceftazidime and voriconazole, respectively). While no difference between lighter- and heavier-than-water silicone oil was apparent for vancomycin and ceftazidime (p = 0.17 and p = 0.72), voriconazole dissolved significantly better in the heavier-than-water silicone oil (p = 0.002). A higher-than-expected percentage of the glycopeptide vancomycin dissolved in the porcine vitreous body, possibly due to protein binding. In conclusion, silicone oils influence the drug concentration and distribution of intravitreally applied drugs depending on their lipophilicity. The addition of F6H8 used to create heavy silicone oils attenuates these effects for lipophilic drugs. Knowledge of the distribution of these intravitreally applied drugs is crucial to ensure the desired anti-infectious effect.
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Wang ZQ, Zhang ZD, Hu XT, Zhang ZL, Pan QT. Removal of sticky silicone oil adhered to the retinal surface: comparison of methodological safety and effectiveness. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3903-3910. [PMID: 34291401 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare safety and effectiveness among methods to remove sticky silicone oil bubbles adhered to the retinal surface. METHODS This retrospective nonrandomised case series included 14 eyes of 14 patients who had sticky silicone oil residue during silicone oil removal surgery. For small sticky silicone oil bubbles (< 2-disc diameter), aspiration was performed with a 23-gauge vitreous cutter. Residual tiny oil bubbles were then removed with a silicone-tipped flute needle or internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. For large sticky silicone oil bubbles (≥ 2-disc diameter) that could not be removed with a 23-gauge vitreous cutter, we devised a more efficient active removal method involving a modified 22-gauge venous indwelling cannula device. RESULTS The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) significantly improved from 1.28 ± 0.63 logMAR to 0.77 ± 0.58 logMAR (p = 0.014). The postoperative BCVA and improvement in BCVA were significantly better in the ILM peeling group than in the non-ILM peeling group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.045, respectively). Postoperative complications included residual sticky silicone oil bubbles in seven eyes without ILM peeling (50.0%), retinal neuroepithelial layer damage in two eyes (14.3%), and temporary hypotony in five eyes (35.7%). CONCLUSION Various methods can safely and efficiently remove sticky silicone oil bubbles adhered to the retinal surface. A 22-gauge venous indwelling cannula enabled simple and safe removal of large sticky silicone oil bubbles, while small residual sticky silicone oil bubbles could be completely removed by ILM peeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Wang
- Hefei Aier Eye Hospital, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Zong-Duan Zhang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu-Ting Hu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao-Liang Zhang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin-Tuo Pan
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen Y, Kearns VR, Zhou L, Sandinha T, Lam WC, Steel DH, Chan YK. Silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery: indications, complications, new developments and alternative long-term tamponade agents. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:240-250. [PMID: 32930501 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Silicone oil (SO) has been used as a long-term tamponade agent in the treatment of complicated vitreoretinal diseases for about half a century, during which time many advances in surgical techniques and technologies have been made. This review summarizes the chemical and physical properties of SO, its indications and complications, including particularly emulsification. The mechanisms and risk factors for emulsification are discussed, as well as novel strategies for its effective removal. Finally, the review focuses on new improved formulations of SO, including research into slow-release pharmacological agents within SO and provides an overview of alternatives to SO for the purpose of long-term tamponade that are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Ruian Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Ruian China
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Victoria R Kearns
- Department of Eye and Vision Science University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Liangyu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Teresa Sandinha
- Department of Eye and Vision Science University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- St. Paul's Eye Unit The Royal Liverpool University Hospital Liverpool UK
| | - Wai Ching Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - David H Steel
- Department of Eye and Vision Science University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary Sunderland UK
| | - Yau Kei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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Andrés-Iglesias C, Pastor JC. Silicone oil safety is not only a purity question. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 259:269-270. [PMID: 33034752 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Andrés-Iglesias
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. .,ISO Committee CTN 91, UNE, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Carlos Pastor
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,ISO Committee CTN 91, UNE, Madrid, Spain.,Expert Panels in the field of Medical Devices, European Commission, Valladolid, Spain.,Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
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Peng Z, Zhou L, Wong JKW, Chan YK. Eye-on-a-chip (EOC) models and their role in the future of ophthalmic drug discovery. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2020.1788388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Peng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, P.R.China
| | - Liangyu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jasper Ka Wai Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yau Kei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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