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Zhang L, Yu X, Hong N, Xia Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Xie C, Dong F, Tong J, Shen Y. CircRNA expression profiles and regulatory networks in the vitreous humor of people with high myopia. Exp Eye Res 2024; 241:109827. [PMID: 38354945 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Myopia is a global health and economic issue. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of many ocular diseases. We first evaluated the circRNA profiles and possible roles in vitreous humor samples of individuals with high myopia by a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) array. Vitreous humor samples were collected from 15 high myopic (5 for ceRNA array, and 10 for qPCR) and 15 control eyes (5 for ceRNA array, and 10 for qPCR) with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) and macular hole (MH). 486 circRNAs (339 upregulated and 147 downregulated) and 264 mRNAs (202 upregulated and 62 downregulated) were differentially expressed between the high myopia and control groups. The expression of hsa_circ_0033079 (hsa-circDicer1), hsa_circ_0029989 (hsa-circNbea), hsa_circ_0019072 (hsa-circPank1) and hsa_circ_0089716 (hsa-circEhmt1) were validated by qPCR. Pearson analysis and multivariate regression analysis showed positive and significant correlations for axial length with hsa-circNbea and hsa-circPank1. KEGG analysis showed that the target genes of circRNAs were enriched in the mTOR, insulin, cAMP, and VEGF signaling pathways. GO analysis indicated that circRNAs mainly targeted transcription, cytoplasm, and protein binding. CircRNA-associated ceRNA network analysis and PPI network analysis identified several critical genes for myopia. The expression of circNbea, circPank1, miR-145-5p, miR-204-5p, Nras, Itpr1 were validated by qPCR in the sclera of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) mice model. CircPank1/miR-145-5p/NRAS and circNbea/miR-204-5p/ITPR1 were identified and may be important in the progression of myopia. Our findings suggest that circRNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of myopia and may serve as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyue Zhang
- The Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- The Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hong
- The Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Xia
- The Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- The Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyin Wang
- The Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xie
- The Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Dong
- The Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Tong
- The Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Shen
- The Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Gurnani B, Kaur K. Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms governing ocular surface squamous neoplasia: opportunities for diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38131180 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2298681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common ocular malignancy; the pathophysiology is influenced by molecular, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms. The incidence of OSSN is associated with the anatomy and physiology of the ocular surface, limbal stem cell configuration, limbal vulnerability, cancer stem cells, dysplasia, neoplasia, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The key etiological factors involved are human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), immunosuppression, p53 tumor suppressor gene, hypovitaminosis A, and failure of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair mechanisms. AREAS COVERED This special report is a focussed attempt to understand the molecular mechanism, genetic and epigenetic mechanism, and diagnostic modalities for OSSN. EXPERT OPINION While these mechanisms contribute to genome instability, promoter-specific hypermethylation might facilitate and promote tumor formation by silencing tumor suppressor genes. OSSN understanding has improved with increased literature available on various genetic, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms, although the exact genetic and epigenetic mechanisms still need to be elucidated. It is important to note that the molecular mechanisms of OSSN can vary among individuals, and further research is required to elucidate the underlying processes fully. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for the development of targeted therapies and improved management of OSSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Gurnani
- Cataract, Cornea, Refractive Services, Trauma, External Diseases, Contact Lens and Ocular Surface, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya, Shri Sadguru Seva Sangh Trust, Chitrakoot, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Children Eye Care Centre, Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya, Shri Sadguru Seva Sangh Trust, Janaki Kund, Chitrakoot, India
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Shahraki K, Shahraki K, Ghasemi Boroumand P, Sheervalilou R. Promotor methylation in ocular surface squamous neoplasia development: epigenetics implications in molecular diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:753-769. [PMID: 37493058 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2240238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is heavily influenced by epigenetic mechanisms that include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA. A considerable proportion of human malignancies are believed to be associated with global DNA hypomethylation, with localized hypermethylation at promoters of certain genes. AREA COVERED The present review aims to emphasize on recent investigations on the epigenetic landscape of ocular surface squamous neoplasia, that could be targeted/explored using novel approaches such as personalized medicine. EXPERT OPINION While the former is thought to contribute to genomic instability, promoter-specific hypermethylation might facilitate tumorigenesis by silencing tumor suppressor genes. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia, the most prevalent type of ocular surface malignancy, is suggested to be affected by epigenetic mechanisms, as well. Although the exact role of epigenetics in ocular surface squamous neoplasia has mostly been unexplored, recent findings have greatly contributed to our understanding regarding this pathology of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Shahraki
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Kianoush Shahraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Cornea Department, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Ghasemi Boroumand
- ENT, Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Roshandel D, Semnani F, Rayati Damavandi A, Masoudi A, Baradaran-Rafii A, Watson SL, Morgan WH, McLenachan S. Genetic predisposition to ocular surface disorders and opportunities for gene-based therapies. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:150-165. [PMID: 37192706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The ocular surface, comprised of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium, innervation system, immune components, and tear-film apparatus, plays a key role in ocular integrity as well as comfort and vision. Gene defects may result in congenital ocular or systemic disorders with prominent ocular surface involvement. Examples include epithelial corneal dystrophies, aniridia, ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting (EEC) syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy. In addition, genetic factors may interact with environmental risk factors in the development of several multifactorial ocular surface disorders (OSDs) such as autoimmune disorders, allergies, neoplasms, and dry eye disease. Advanced gene-based technologies have already been introduced in disease modelling and proof-of-concept gene therapies for monogenic OSDs. For instance, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells have been used for modelling aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK), XP, and EEC syndrome. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been used for disease modelling and/or gene therapy for AAK and Meesmann's epithelial corneal dystrophy. A better understanding of the role of genetic factors in OSDs may be helpful in designing personalized disease models and treatment approaches. Gene-based approaches in monogenic OSDs and genetic predisposition to multifactorial OSDs such as immune-mediated disorders and neoplasms with known or possible genetic risk factors has been seldom reviewed. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of genetic factors in monogenic and multifactorial OSDs and potential opportunities for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Roshandel
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Farbod Semnani
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alireza Baradaran-Rafii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stephanie L Watson
- The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William H Morgan
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Zhao X, Wang E, Xu H, Zhang L. Stratifin promotes the growth and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102080. [PMID: 36996719 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cancer cause of death worldwide. SFN plays a vital role in some malignancies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of SFN in the development of HCC. METHODS The bioinformatics database was used to detect the expression of SFN and its prognosis in HCC patients. And the protein-protein interaction network was established. IHC and Elisa were used to analyze the expression level and clinical characteristics of SFN in HCC patients. Subsequently, siRNA knockdown of SFN expression in HCC cell lines was used to explore whether SFN could promote the development of HCC. RESULTS SFN was highly expressed in the tissues and serum of hepatocellular carcinoma, and its expression level was correlated with the tumor which was single or not in patients. Bioanalysis and histochemistry results showed that CDC25B was co-expressed with SFN in HCC, which may be the upstream and downstream signaling molecule of SFN. Knockdown of SFN can inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promote apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SFN may play an important role in HCC progression and may interact with CDC25B to promote malignant progression of HCC, providing a molecular target for future HCC therapy.
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Epigenetic Abnormalities in Chondrosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054539. [PMID: 36901967 PMCID: PMC10003547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in tumor pathology has improved greatly. DNA and histone modifications, such as methylation, demethylation, acetylation, and deacetylation, can lead to the up-regulation of oncogenic genes, as well as the suppression of tumor suppressor genes. Gene expression can also be modified on a post-transcriptional level by microRNAs that contribute to carcinogenesis. The role of these modifications has been already described in many tumors, e.g., colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. These mechanisms have also begun to be investigated in less common tumors, such as sarcomas. Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a rare type of tumor that belongs to sarcomas and is the second most common malignant bone tumor after osteosarcoma. Due to unknown pathogenesis and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapies of these tumors, there is a need to develop new potential therapies against CS. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the influence of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of CS by discussing potential candidates for future therapies. We also emphasize ongoing clinical trials that use drugs targeting epigenetic modifications in CS treatment.
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Role of Candida albicans in Oral Carcinogenesis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:650-662. [PMID: 36548207 PMCID: PMC9786125 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral carcinogenesis is also dependent on the balance of the oral microbiota. Candida albicans is a member oral microbiota that acts as an opportunistic pathogen along with changes in the epithelium that can predispose to premalignancy and/or malignancy. This systematic review uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines to analyze the role of Candida albicans in the process of oral carcinogenesis. Eleven articles qualified inclusion criteria, matched keywords, and provided adequate information about the carcinogenesis parameters of Candida albicans in oral cancer. Candida albicans in oral carcinogenesis can be seen as significant virulent factors for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) with normal adjacent mucosa. Candida albicans have a role in the process of oral carcinogenesis concerning morphological phenotype changes in cell structure and genotype and contribute to the formation of carcinogenic substances that can affect cell development towards malignancy.
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