Structure-function correlation of retinal photoreceptors in PRPH2-associated central areolar choroidal dystrophy patients assessed by high-resolution scanning laser imaging and microperimetry

In vivo assessment of cone loss and macular perfusion in children with myopia

This study evaluated cone density (CD) in the macular region and assess macular perfusion in children with varying degrees of myopia. This was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Children underwent confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging. A built-in software was used to measure mean CD (cells/mm2), retinal vessel density, choriocapillaris perfusion area, and choroidal thickness (CT). The study included 140 eyes from children categorized into four groups: emmetropia (31 eyes), low myopia (44 eyes), moderate myopia (31 eyes), and high myopia (34 eyes). The high myopia group exhibited significantly lower macular CD than the emmetropia group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the high myopia group showed thinner CT and higher choriocapillaris perfusion area in the macular region than the emmetropia group (all P < 0.01). Macular CD was significantly correlated with age, spherical equivalent, axial length, and CT (all P < 0.05). Generalized linear models revealed CT as the independent factor associated with macular CD (Wald χ2 = 9.265, P = 0.002). Children with high myopia demonstrate reduced CD in the macular region, accompanied by reduced CT. These findings may have important implications for future myopia prevention and management strategies.

Posterior Polar Annular Choroidal Dystrophy: Genetic Insights and Differential Diagnosis in Inherited Retinal Diseases

Posterior polar annular choroidal dystrophy (PPACD) is a rare ocular disorder and presents as symmetric degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the underlying choriocapillaris, encircling the retinal vascular arcades and optic disc. This condition distinctively preserves the foveal region, optic disc, and the outermost regions of the retina. Despite its distinct clinical presentation, due to the infrequency of its occurrence and the limited number of reported cases, the pathophysiology, and the genetic foundations of PPACD are still largely uncharted. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating potential genetic contributors to PPACD, assessing current findings, and identifying genes that warrant further study. Emphasis is also placed on the crucial role of multimodal imaging in diagnosing PPACD, highlighting its importance in understanding disease pathophysiology. By analyzing existing case reports and drawing comparisons with similar retinal disorders, this paper endeavors to delineate the possible genetic correlations in PPACD, providing a foundation for future genetic research and the development of targeted diagnostic strategies.