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Cardwell K, Awadia Z, McKenna O, Venasse M, Hume T, Ludgate J, Freedman M, Finlayson M, Latimer-Cheung A, Pilutti LA, Fakolade A. Physical activity together for MS (PAT-MS): Secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled feasibility trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 82:105399. [PMID: 38184911 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Care partners provide essential care to those with multiple sclerosis (MS). Dyadic interventions promoting health behaviours have wide-reaching benefits for individuals with MS and their care partners. However, behavioural interventions to promote physical activity in patient-caregiver dyads have yet to be explored in an MS-specific context. This study examined the secondary outcomes of the "Physical Activity Together for Multiple Sclerosis (PAT-MS)" intervention, including dyadic adjustment, caregiving tasks, caregiver quality of life, coping, and MS impact in MS dyads. METHODS A randomized controlled feasibility trial of the 12-week behavioural PAT-MS intervention. The Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Caregiving Tasks in MS Scale, Caregiver Quality of Life in MS Scale, Coping with MS Caregiving Inventory, and MS Impact Scale measured secondary outcomes of interest. Mixed-model ANOVAs were used to test changes in variables between groups (PAT-MS vs wait-list control) over time. RESULTS 20 participants, including 10 people with MS (51.4 ± 10.1 years old; median patient-determined disease steps (PDDS) score= 4, IQR= 1.25) and 10 care partners (48.5 ± 12.1 years old) were recruited and randomized. There was no statistically significant effect of the intervention on any of the secondary outcomes (p= 0.67-1.00). However, large effect sizes and condition-by-time interaction effects indicated improvement in dyadic adjustment (d= 1.03, ηp2= 0.45), the criticism-coercion coping subscale (d= -0.93, ηp2= 0.49), and caregiving tasks (d= 1.05, ηp2= 0.52), specifically within psycho-emotional (d= 1.47, ηp2= 0.38) and socio-practical (d= 1.10, ηp2 =0.37) sub-domains of caregiving tasks after the PAT-MS intervention compared to the wait-list condition. CONCLUSION While this pilot feasibility study was not powered based on the secondary outcomes herein, our findings indicate improvement in dyadic adjustment and emotional and social caregiving tasks, with reduced reliance on criticism-coercion coping in the PAT-MS group compared to controls following the intervention. Findings indicate that PAT-MS may improve dyadic psychosocial well-being of people with moderate-to-severe MS and their care partners, and this should be examined next in a fully-powered study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Cardwell
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Zain Awadia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Odessa McKenna
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Myriam Venasse
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Taylor Hume
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julia Ludgate
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark Freedman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marcia Finlayson
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Louise D. Acton Building, 31 George Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Amy Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Lara A Pilutti
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Afolasade Fakolade
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Louise D. Acton Building, 31 George Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Russin SE, Stein CH. The Aftermath of Trauma and Abuse and the Impact on Family: A Narrative Literature Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:1288-1301. [PMID: 33653179 DOI: 10.1177/1524838021995990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present narrative review examined quantitative and qualitative research on family members who support survivors of trauma or abuse. Studies included in the present review were found in peer-reviewed journal articles, available in English, published between 1980 and 2019, and focused specifically on the experiences of adult familial supporters of adult trauma and abuse survivors. A search of PsychInfo and Google Scholar identified 136 relevant articles, and analysis of their content generated the following categories: individual-level impacts (i.e., quality of psychological health, burden, secondary traumatic stress, quality of physical health, and positive impacts), interpersonal and environmental level impacts (i.e., quality of relationships with survivors, navigating environment, maltreatment and safety, and social impacts), and other experiences (i.e., social roles, needs, coping strategies, and sociocultural context). Findings indicate that the majority of existing studies examined the experiences of family members of adult survivors of military trauma. Results of the review suggest that family supporters of adult trauma and abuse survivors generally experience physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, safety, and relational impacts. Implications of review findings and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Russin
- Department of Psychology, 1888Bowling Green State University, OH, USA
| | - Catherine H Stein
- Department of Psychology, 1888Bowling Green State University, OH, USA
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Original Research: Exploring the Effects of a Nurse-Initiated Diary Intervention on Post-Critical Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Am J Nurs 2020; 120:24-33. [PMID: 32332363 DOI: 10.1097/01.naj.0000662804.81454.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical illness survivors may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following critical illness and hospitalization. Left untreated, PTSD may result in poor health outcomes. PURPOSE This study sought to examine the effects of a nurse-initiated diary intervention on PTSD development and symptom severity in critical illness survivors with varying levels of mentation. METHODS The study used a pretest-posttest control group design. Patients who were hospitalized in a critical care unit for more than 24 hours were recruited at a single medical center with two such units. All participants completed a pretest on day 2 of critical care hospitalization; the intervention group participants also received a diary. All participants received a posttest one month after critical care discharge. The variables examined were PTSD severity and symptoms of avoidance, intrusion, and hyperarousal. Variables were measured using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Diaries were written by the patient, visitors, and interdisciplinary team members, and kept by the patient. RESULTS A total of 134 participants completed the study. The intervention group participants experienced significantly fewer PTSD symptoms than the control group participants. PTSD was found to be of concern in 35 (26%) of all participants: five in the intervention group and 30 in the control group. CONCLUSIONS For critical illness survivors, a collaborative diary-writing intervention during hospitalization and after discharge can mitigate post-critical care PTSD. Participants who received diaries had a lower incidence of PTSD symptoms than controls; and at follow-up, they indicated that the diary intervention was worthwhile. We recommend the use of collaborative diary writing to help critical illness survivors in working through their experiences.
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Keatley E, Hanks R, Sander AM, Kratz AL, Tulsky DS, Ianni P, Miner J, Carlozzi NE. Group Differences Among Caregivers of Civilians and Service Members or Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 100:S52-S57. [PMID: 30537488 PMCID: PMC6528672 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine group differences among caregivers of service members or veterans (SMVs) and civilians with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN An observational research study examining the group differences between caregivers of SMVs and civilians with TBI. The data presented was collected as part of a larger study that calibrated and validated the Traumatic Brain Injury-Care Quality of Life (TBI-CareQOL) item banks. SETTING Participants in this multicenter study completed an online survey via a study-specific website. Surveys were completed at the study site, at home, or via phone interview. Civilian caregivers were recruited from 4 rehabilitation hospitals and caregivers of SMVs were recruited through community outreach and collaboration with the Hearts of Valor. PARTICIPANTS Participants (N=473) consisted of 344 caregivers of civilians with TBI and 129 caregivers of SMVs with TBI. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Zarit Burden Interview Scale, TBI-CareQOL, and Mayo Portland Adaptability Inventory, 4th revision (MPAI-4). RESULTS Of the independent variables included in the logistic regression model that classified military-affiliated vs civilian caregivers, 5 were statistically significant: age, spousal status, time since injury, MPAI-4 Adjustment, and TBI-CareQOL Feeling Trapped. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that caregivers of SMVs were more likely to report worse emotional and social adjustment among the individuals with TBI and caregivers of SMVs were more likely to report greater levels of feeling trapped by their caregiving duties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Keatley
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON; Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology, Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Detroit, MI.
| | - Robin Hanks
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology, Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Detroit, MI; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Angelle M Sander
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine and Harris Health System, Houston, TX; Brain Injury Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX
| | - Anna L Kratz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David S Tulsky
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Phillip Ianni
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jennifer Miner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Noelle E Carlozzi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Steenkamp MM, Corry NH, Qian M, Li M, McMaster HS, Fairbank JA, Stander VA, Hollahan L, Marmar CR. Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in United States military spouses: The Millennium Cohort Family Study. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:815-829. [PMID: 29745445 DOI: 10.1002/da.22768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately half of US service members are married, equating to 1.1 million military spouses, yet the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among military spouses remains understudied. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of eight mental health conditions in spouses of service members with 2-5 years of service. METHOD We employed baseline data from the Millennium Cohort Family Study, a 21-year longitudinal survey following 9,872 military-affiliated married couples representing all US service branches and active duty, Reserve, and National Guard components. Couples were surveyed between 2011 and 2013, a period of high military operational activity associated with Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. Primary outcomes included depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic, alcohol misuse, insomnia, somatization, and binge eating, all assessed with validated self-report questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 35.90% of military spouses met criteria for at least one psychiatric condition. The most commonly endorsed conditions were moderate-to-severe somatization symptoms (17.63%) and moderate-to-severe insomnia (15.65%). PTSD, anxiety, depression, panic, alcohol misuse, and binge eating were endorsed by 9.20%, 6.65%, 6.05%, 7.07%, 8.16%, and 5.23% of spouses, respectively. Having a partner who deployed with combat resulted in higher prevalence of anxiety, insomnia, and somatization. Spouses had lower prevalence of PTSD, alcohol misuse, and insomnia but higher rates of panic and binge eating than service members. Both members of a couple rarely endorsed having the same psychiatric problem. CONCLUSIONS One third of junior military spouses screened positive for one or more psychiatric conditions, underscoring the need for high-quality prevention and treatment services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Steenkamp
- New York University School of Medicine,, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, USA, NY
| | | | - Meng Qian
- New York University School of Medicine,, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, USA, NY
| | - Meng Li
- New York University School of Medicine,, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, USA, NY
| | - Hope Seib McMaster
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A Fairbank
- Mid-Atlantic (VISN 6) Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham VA Medical Center, and UCLA-Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress (NCCTS), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Laura Hollahan
- New York University School of Medicine,, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, USA, NY
| | - Charles R Marmar
- New York University School of Medicine,, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, USA, NY
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Thandi G, Harden L, Cole L, Greenberg N, Fear NT. Systematic review of caregiver burden in spouses and partners providing informal care to wounded, injured or sick (WIS) military personnel. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2018; 164:365-369. [PMID: 29440468 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2017-000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For the purposes of this review, caregivers are individuals who provide care that is typically unpaid and usually takes place at home. This systematic review aims to identify burden among spouses/partners caring for wounded, injured or sick military personnel and the factors associated with caregiver burden. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines. Five electronic databases and relevant websites were searched. Two reviewers appraised the quality of the studies and carried out data extraction. RESULTS Ten original papers were identified, of which eight were quantitative studies and two were qualitative. These papers highlighted the potential negative impact caregiving can have on spouses/partners and also some of the positive aspects of caring that can strengthen intimate relationships. CONCLUSIONS Caring for an injured or ill military spouse or partner is a difficult task, compounded by the complexity of dealing with potentially both their physical and mental health problems. However, research has also identified some positive aspects of caring that can strengthen intimate relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursimran Thandi
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Harden
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Cole
- Social Science and Public Policy, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Greenberg
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N T Fear
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
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Carlozzi NE, Ianni PA, Lange RT, Brickell TA, Kallen MA, Hahn EA, French LM, Cella D, Miner JA, Tulsky DS. Understanding Health-Related Quality of Life of Caregivers of Civilians and Service Members/Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury: Establishing the Reliability and Validity of PROMIS Social Health Measures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018; 100:S110-S118. [PMID: 30075148 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the reliability and validity of the short form (SF) and computer adaptive test (CAT) versions of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures of social health of caregivers of civilians and service members/veterans (SMVs) with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN Self-report questionnaires administered through an online data collection platform. SETTING Hospital and community-based outreach at 3 TBI Model Systems rehabilitation hospitals, an academic medical center, and a military medical treatment facility. PARTICIPANTS Caregivers (N=560) (344 civilians and 216 military) of individuals with a documented TBI. INTERVENTION Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A total of 5 PROMIS social health measures. RESULTS All 5 PROMIS social health measures exceeded the a priori criterion for internal consistency reliability (≥0.70); most PROMIS measures met the criterion for test-retest reliability (≥0.70) in the civilian sample; in the SMV sample, test-retest reliability was generally below this criterion, except for social isolation. For both samples, convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations between the 5 PROMIS social health measures and related measures, and discriminant validity was supported by low correlations between PROMIS social health measures and measures of dissimilar constructs. Most PROMIS scores indicated significantly worse social health in both samples of those caring for individuals who were low functioning. Finally, impairment rates in social health were elevated for those caring for low-functioning individuals, especially in the SMV sample. CONCLUSIONS The PROMIS CAT and SF social health measures have potential clinical utility for use in caregivers of civilians and SMVs with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle E Carlozzi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Phillip A Ianni
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rael T Lange
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tracey A Brickell
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael A Kallen
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Elizabeth A Hahn
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Louis M French
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jennifer A Miner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David S Tulsky
- Center for Assessment Research and Translation, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
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Murphy D, Busuttil W. Focusing on the mental health of treatment-seeking veterans. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2017; 164:3-4. [PMID: 28993485 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2017-000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Murphy
- Research Department, Combat Stress, Leatherhead, UK.,Department of Psychological Medicine, King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - W Busuttil
- Research Department, Combat Stress, Leatherhead, UK
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MacDonell GV, Bhullar N, Thorsteinsson EB. Depression, anxiety, and stress in partners of Australian combat veterans and military personnel: a comparison with Australian population norms. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2373. [PMID: 27635339 PMCID: PMC5012292 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Partners of Australian combat veterans are at an increased risk of experiencing mental health problems. The present study provides a comparative analysis of the mental health of partners of veterans with that of the Australian normative data. To compare different types of groups of partners, the study samples comprised: (a) partners of Australian combat veterans (Sample 1:n= 282, ageM= 60.79,SD= 5.05), (b) a sub-sample of partners of Australian combat veterans from the previous sample (Sample 2:n= 50;M= 60.06,SD= 4.80), (c) partners of Special Air Services Regiment (SASR) personnel (Sample 3:n= 40, ageM= 34.39SD= 7.01), and (d) partners of current serving military (non-SASR) personnel (Sample 4:n= 38, ageM= 32.37,SD= 6.20). Respondents completed measures assessing their reported levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Samples 1 and 2 comprised partners of Australian military veterans who reported significantly greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress than the comparative population norms. The sample of SASR personnel partners (Sample 3) reported significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety, whereas the sample with non-SASR personnel partners (Sample 4) reported a significantly greater stress symptomatology than the comparative norms. Number of deployments was found to be associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in partners of non-SASR veterans (Sample 4). Lessons and protective factors can be learnt from groups within the current military as to what may assist partners and families to maintain a better level of psychosocial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail V. MacDonell
- Psychology-School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Navjot Bhullar
- Psychology-School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Einar B. Thorsteinsson
- Psychology-School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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