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Lozano S, Sund G, Guimera A, Deukmedjian G, Miller PS. A Comparison of Local Anesthetics for Intravenous Catheter Insertion in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Clinical Pilot Trial. JOURNAL OF INFUSION NURSING 2021; 44:346-356. [PMID: 34753154 DOI: 10.1097/nan.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion is one of the most painful procedures pediatric patients undergo during hospitalization. To date, local anesthetics delivered via cream, patch, and needle-free injection have not been rigorously evaluated together. This study aimed to investigate feasibility and potential efficacy of local anesthetics on pain intensity during PIVC insertion in an unblinded, single-center, randomized clinical pilot trial. Between March 2017 and February 2020, 88 hospitalized children aged 12 months to 18 years in an acute pediatric unit at an academic medical center were randomized to 1 of 3 local anesthetics: 1) lidocaine/prilocaine cream, 2) lidocaine/tetracaine patch, and 3) unbuffered lidocaine needle-free injection. Feasibility outcomes were recruitment and protocol adherence. Pain intensity was measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (age <8 years) and Verbal Numeric Rating (VNRS) scales (age ≥8 years) before, during, and after procedure. Secondary outcomes included catheterization attempts, procedure time, and parent satisfaction. Recruitment rate was acceptable (2.7 patients per month). Protocol adherence was high (92%). Preliminary clinical findings showed no significant difference in pain intensity across treatments. Procedure time to successful insertion differed in the VNRS group, favoring unbuffered lidocaine needle-free injection. Conduct of a definitive, full-scale randomized clinical trial in the hospitalized pediatric population is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Lozano
- University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Santa Monica, California (Ms Lozano); University of California Los Angeles Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California (Ms Sund); University of California Los Angeles Health, Los Angeles, California (Drs Guimera, Deukmedjian, and Miller)
- Sally Lozano, BSN, RN, CPN , has worked as a pediatric nurse for 15 years at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center. She was recently promoted to clinical nurse manager in the general pediatric unit. Ms Lozano has extensive experience placing and teaching techniques for successful peripheral intravenous catheter insertions
- Grace Sund, MSN, RN, CPNP, CPHON, is a clinical nurse specialist in pediatrics at UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital and has worked as a pediatric nurse for 19 years. She helped create the nurse-driven protocol for topical anesthetics prior to intravenous insertion for the pediatric population across the health system
- Allison Guimera, MD, FAAP, worked as a pediatric hospitalist at UCLA Health and currently practices outpatient pediatrics with UCLA Health. She is a board-certified pediatrician and a fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics
- Grace Deukmedjian, MD, is a pediatric hospitalist at UCLA Health. Her expertise is in global health, social justice and equity, medical education, and humanities in medicine
- Pamela S. Miller, PhD, RN, ACNP, CNS, PHN, EBP(CH), is a senior nurse scientist in the Center for Nursing Excellence at UCLA Health, where she directs the research, evidence-based practice, and innovation programs. Her research focuses on symptom science
| | - Grace Sund
- University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Santa Monica, California (Ms Lozano); University of California Los Angeles Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California (Ms Sund); University of California Los Angeles Health, Los Angeles, California (Drs Guimera, Deukmedjian, and Miller)
- Sally Lozano, BSN, RN, CPN , has worked as a pediatric nurse for 15 years at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center. She was recently promoted to clinical nurse manager in the general pediatric unit. Ms Lozano has extensive experience placing and teaching techniques for successful peripheral intravenous catheter insertions
- Grace Sund, MSN, RN, CPNP, CPHON, is a clinical nurse specialist in pediatrics at UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital and has worked as a pediatric nurse for 19 years. She helped create the nurse-driven protocol for topical anesthetics prior to intravenous insertion for the pediatric population across the health system
- Allison Guimera, MD, FAAP, worked as a pediatric hospitalist at UCLA Health and currently practices outpatient pediatrics with UCLA Health. She is a board-certified pediatrician and a fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics
- Grace Deukmedjian, MD, is a pediatric hospitalist at UCLA Health. Her expertise is in global health, social justice and equity, medical education, and humanities in medicine
- Pamela S. Miller, PhD, RN, ACNP, CNS, PHN, EBP(CH), is a senior nurse scientist in the Center for Nursing Excellence at UCLA Health, where she directs the research, evidence-based practice, and innovation programs. Her research focuses on symptom science
| | - Allison Guimera
- University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Santa Monica, California (Ms Lozano); University of California Los Angeles Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California (Ms Sund); University of California Los Angeles Health, Los Angeles, California (Drs Guimera, Deukmedjian, and Miller)
- Sally Lozano, BSN, RN, CPN , has worked as a pediatric nurse for 15 years at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center. She was recently promoted to clinical nurse manager in the general pediatric unit. Ms Lozano has extensive experience placing and teaching techniques for successful peripheral intravenous catheter insertions
- Grace Sund, MSN, RN, CPNP, CPHON, is a clinical nurse specialist in pediatrics at UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital and has worked as a pediatric nurse for 19 years. She helped create the nurse-driven protocol for topical anesthetics prior to intravenous insertion for the pediatric population across the health system
- Allison Guimera, MD, FAAP, worked as a pediatric hospitalist at UCLA Health and currently practices outpatient pediatrics with UCLA Health. She is a board-certified pediatrician and a fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics
- Grace Deukmedjian, MD, is a pediatric hospitalist at UCLA Health. Her expertise is in global health, social justice and equity, medical education, and humanities in medicine
- Pamela S. Miller, PhD, RN, ACNP, CNS, PHN, EBP(CH), is a senior nurse scientist in the Center for Nursing Excellence at UCLA Health, where she directs the research, evidence-based practice, and innovation programs. Her research focuses on symptom science
| | - Grace Deukmedjian
- University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Santa Monica, California (Ms Lozano); University of California Los Angeles Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California (Ms Sund); University of California Los Angeles Health, Los Angeles, California (Drs Guimera, Deukmedjian, and Miller)
- Sally Lozano, BSN, RN, CPN , has worked as a pediatric nurse for 15 years at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center. She was recently promoted to clinical nurse manager in the general pediatric unit. Ms Lozano has extensive experience placing and teaching techniques for successful peripheral intravenous catheter insertions
- Grace Sund, MSN, RN, CPNP, CPHON, is a clinical nurse specialist in pediatrics at UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital and has worked as a pediatric nurse for 19 years. She helped create the nurse-driven protocol for topical anesthetics prior to intravenous insertion for the pediatric population across the health system
- Allison Guimera, MD, FAAP, worked as a pediatric hospitalist at UCLA Health and currently practices outpatient pediatrics with UCLA Health. She is a board-certified pediatrician and a fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics
- Grace Deukmedjian, MD, is a pediatric hospitalist at UCLA Health. Her expertise is in global health, social justice and equity, medical education, and humanities in medicine
- Pamela S. Miller, PhD, RN, ACNP, CNS, PHN, EBP(CH), is a senior nurse scientist in the Center for Nursing Excellence at UCLA Health, where she directs the research, evidence-based practice, and innovation programs. Her research focuses on symptom science
| | - Pamela S Miller
- University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Santa Monica, California (Ms Lozano); University of California Los Angeles Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California (Ms Sund); University of California Los Angeles Health, Los Angeles, California (Drs Guimera, Deukmedjian, and Miller)
- Sally Lozano, BSN, RN, CPN , has worked as a pediatric nurse for 15 years at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center. She was recently promoted to clinical nurse manager in the general pediatric unit. Ms Lozano has extensive experience placing and teaching techniques for successful peripheral intravenous catheter insertions
- Grace Sund, MSN, RN, CPNP, CPHON, is a clinical nurse specialist in pediatrics at UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital and has worked as a pediatric nurse for 19 years. She helped create the nurse-driven protocol for topical anesthetics prior to intravenous insertion for the pediatric population across the health system
- Allison Guimera, MD, FAAP, worked as a pediatric hospitalist at UCLA Health and currently practices outpatient pediatrics with UCLA Health. She is a board-certified pediatrician and a fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics
- Grace Deukmedjian, MD, is a pediatric hospitalist at UCLA Health. Her expertise is in global health, social justice and equity, medical education, and humanities in medicine
- Pamela S. Miller, PhD, RN, ACNP, CNS, PHN, EBP(CH), is a senior nurse scientist in the Center for Nursing Excellence at UCLA Health, where she directs the research, evidence-based practice, and innovation programs. Her research focuses on symptom science
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Halili H, Azizkhani R, Tavakoli Garmaseh S, Jafarpisheh MS, Heydari F, Masoumi B, Maghami Mehr A. Comparing the Effect of Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream and Infiltrative Lidocaine on Overall Pain Perception During Thoracentesis and Abdominocentesis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesth Pain Med 2020; 11:e106275. [PMID: 34249663 PMCID: PMC8256634 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pain management is a core ethical commitment to medical practice. However, there is evidence to suggest that sometimes infiltrative lidocaine (IL) is not used prior to thoracentesis and abdominocentesis due to the belief that two needles cause greater pain than one. However, topical anesthetics like lidocaine-prilocaine cream (LPC) are painless, easy to use, and have less systemic side effects. Therefore, LPC can be a suitable substitute for medical procedures. Objectives This study was designed to compare the analgesic effects of LPC with IL in thoracentesis and abdominocentesis. Methods Patients were divided into two study groups, including individuals seeing a physician for a thoracentesis (N = 36) and those seeing a physician for an abdominocentesis (N = 33). Patients were randomly assigned to the IL (N = 35) or LPC (N = 34) groups for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. The IL group received 100 mg of 2% lidocaine 5 minutes prior to their procedure, whereas the LPC group received 2.5 g of lidocaine-prilocaine cream. The cream was spread over a 20 - 25 cm2 area and occluded with dressing plaster for 30 minutes prior to the procedure. In both study groups, the thoracentesis and abdominocentesis were ultrasound-guided. Results The findings suggest a non-significant difference between overall pain perception in LPC and IL groups generally, as well as specifically in abdominocentesis and thoracentesis groups. Furthermore, the result remained the same after controlling for confounding variables. The number of attempts to perform successful abdominocentesis was significantly higher in the LPC than IL (P-value = 0.003) group but was not significant in the thoracentesis group (P-value = 0.131). The level of patient satisfaction in the LPC and IL groups were not significantly different (P-value > 0.05). Conclusions Overall, LPC appears to be an appropriate alternative to IL in reducing pain during thoracentesis and abdominocentesis, but it seemed to increase unsuccessful medical procedure attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Halili
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Azizkhani
- Emergency Medicine Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Al Zahra Hospital, Soffeh Blvd, Postal Code: 8174675731, Isfahan, Iran. Tel: +98-31362020202,
| | | | | | - Farhad Heydari
- Emergency Medicine Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Masoumi
- Emergency Medicine Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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