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Jayalekshmi VS, Jaikumar VS, Mehra P, Thulaseedharan T, Vinod VM, Ramachandran S. Differential expression of lipid metabolic genes in hypercholesterolemic rabbit placenta predisposes the offspring to develop atherosclerosis in early adulthood. Life Sci 2023:121823. [PMID: 37263488 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Maternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC) is a pathological condition that may cause atherosclerosis in the adulthood of the offspring. The study aims to identify the role of in-utero programming by the placenta in atherogenesis and associated liver pathology in offspring. MAIN METHODS Female New Zealand white rabbits with normal lipid profiles were fed a 0.3 % HFD after mating. Lipid levels were monitored, and pregnant rabbits were sacrificed at the end of trimester 1, trimester 2, and trimester 3. Placental histology and expression of lipid metabolism genes were studied. Lipid levels, aortic lesions, and mRNA expression of cholesterol synthesis genes were investigated in fetuses at the end of gestation. A group of fetuses was allowed to attain early adulthood to investigate the liver lipid metabolism and atherogenesis with and without an HFD. KEY FINDINGS Elevated maternal lipid levels and placental gene expression were differentially modulated in HFD-fed mothers. HFD-fed rabbits demonstrated differential expression of the placental genes involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of cholesterol, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in all three trimesters. It resulted in significant lipid depositions in the placenta, hyperlipidemia, and a decrease in hepatic cholesterol synthesis in fetuses at the end of gestation. There was no atherogenesis in the aorta of offspring at trimester 3, but such offspring of HFD-fed mothers developed atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) with profound steatosis in their early adulthood with and without HFD. SIGNIFICANCE Diet-induced MHC differentially expressed placental lipid genes that may program the offspring to develop atherosclerosis and associated NAFL in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Jayalekshmi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishnu Sunil Jaikumar
- Animal Research Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Priyanka Mehra
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; MSc Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Thushara Thulaseedharan
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - V M Vinod
- Animal Research Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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2
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Rastogi S, Rastogi D. The Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Lifetime Cardiopulmonary Morbidities Associated With Pre-Pregnancy Obesity and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:844905. [PMID: 35391836 PMCID: PMC8980933 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.844905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached pandemic proportions in the last few decades. The global increase in obesity has contributed to an increase in the number of pregnant women with pre-pregnancy obesity or with excessive gestational weight gain. Obesity during pregnancy is associated with higher incidence of maternal co-morbidities such as gestational diabetes and hypertension. Both obesity during pregnancy and its associated complications are not only associated with immediate adverse outcomes for the mother and their newborns during the perinatal period but, more importantly, are linked with long-term morbidities in the offsprings. Neonates born to women with obesity are at higher risk for cardiac complications including cardiac malformations, and non-structural cardiac issues such as changes in the microvasculature, e.g., elevated systolic blood pressure, and overt systemic hypertension. Pulmonary diseases associated with maternal obesity include respiratory distress syndrome, asthma during childhood and adolescence, and adulthood diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sequelae of short-term complications compound long-term outcomes such as long-term obesity, hypertension later in life, and metabolic complications including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain these adverse outcomes and are related to the emerging knowledge of pathophysiology of obesity in adults. The best investigated ones include the role of obesity-mediated metabolic alterations and systemic inflammation. There is emerging evidence linking metabolic and immune derangements to altered biome, and alteration in epigenetics as one of the intermediary mechanisms underlying the adverse outcomes. These are initiated as part of fetal adaptation to obesity during pregnancy which are compounded by rapid weight gain during infancy and early childhood, a known complication of obesity during pregnancy. This newer evidence points toward the role of specific nutrients and changes in biome that may potentially modify the adverse outcomes observed in the offsprings of women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Rastogi
- Division of Neonatology, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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3
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Payen C, Guillot A, Paillat L, Fothi A, Dib A, Bourreau J, Schmitt F, Loufrani L, Aranyi T, Henrion D, Munier M, Fassot C. Pathophysiological adaptations of resistance arteries in rat offspring exposed in utero to maternal obesity is associated with sex-specific epigenetic alterations. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1074-1085. [PMID: 33637953 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Maternal obesity impacts vascular functions linked to metabolic disorders in offspring, leading to cardiovascular diseases during adulthood. Even if the relation between prenatal conditioning of cardiovascular diseases by maternal obesity and vascular function begins to be documented, little is known about resistance arteries. They are of particular interest because of their specific role in the regulation of local blood flow. Then our study aims to determine if maternal obesity can directly program fetal vascular dysfunction of resistance arteries, independently of metabolic disorders. METHODS With a model of rats exposed in utero to mild maternal diet-induced obesity (OMO), we investigated third-order mesenteric arteries of 4-month old rats in absence of metabolic disorders. The methylation profile of these vessels was determined by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). Vascular structure and reactivity were investigated using histomorphometry analysis and wire-myography. The metabolic function was evaluated by insulin and glucose tolerance tests, plasma lipid profile, and adipose tissue analysis. RESULTS At 4 months of age, small mesenteric arteries of OMO presented specific epigenetic modulations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), collagens, and potassium channels genes in association with an outward remodeling and perturbations in the endothelium-dependent vasodilation pathways (greater contribution of EDHFs pathway in OMO males compared to control rats, and greater implication of PGI2 in OMO females compared to control rats). These vascular modifications were detected in absence of metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports a specific methylation profile of resistance arteries associated with vascular remodeling and vasodilation balance perturbations in offspring exposed in utero to maternal obesity, in absence of metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Payen
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Abigaëlle Guillot
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Lily Paillat
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Abel Fothi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Abdallah Dib
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jennifer Bourreau
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Françoise Schmitt
- UPRES EA 3859, HIFIH laboratory, Angers, France.,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Laurent Loufrani
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Tamas Aranyi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Henrion
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France.,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,CARFI (Cardiovascular Function In Vitro) Facility, Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Munier
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France.,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,Reference Center for Rare Disease of Thyroid and Hormone Receptors, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Céline Fassot
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France.
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4
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Liu M, Lycett K, Wong TY, Grobler A, Juonala M, He M, Dwyer T, Burgner D, Wake M. Associations of retinal microvascular caliber with large arterial function and structure: A population-based study of 11 to 12 year-olds and midlife adults. Microcirculation 2020; 27:e12642. [PMID: 32490591 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined associations between retinal microvascular and large arterial phenotypes to explore relationships between the micro- and macro-vasculature in childhood and midlife. METHODS Participants were 1288 children (11-12 years, 50.9% female) and 1264 adults (mean age 44 years, 87.6% female) in a cross-sectional population-based study. Exposures were retinal arteriolar and venular caliber quantified from retinal images. Outcomes included arterial function (pulse wave velocity; carotid arterial elasticity) and structure (carotid intima-media thickness). Multivariable regression models were performed adjusting for age, sex, and family socioeconomic position. RESULTS In children, one standard deviation wider arteriolar caliber was associated with slower pulse wave velocity (-0.15 SD, 95% CI -0.21, -0.09) and higher elasticity (0.13 SD, 95% CI 0.06, 0.20); per SD wider venular caliber was associated with faster pulse wave velocity (0.09 SD, 95% CI 0.03, 0.15) and lower elasticity (-0.07 SD, 95% CI -0.13, -0.01). The size of adult associations was approximately double. Wider arteriolar caliber was associated with smaller carotid intima-media thickness (-0.09 SD, 95% CI -0.16, -0.03) in adults but not children. Venular caliber and carotid intima-media thickness showed little evidence of association. CONCLUSIONS Narrower retinal arterioles and wider venules are associated with large arterial function as early as mid-childhood. Associations strengthen by midlife and also extend to arterial structure, although effect sizes remain small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Liu
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Kate Lycett
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Social & Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anneke Grobler
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mingguang He
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Terry Dwyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Burgner
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics & The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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5
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Aykar SS, Reynolds DE, McNamara MC, Hashemi NN. Manufacturing of poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate)-based hollow microvessels using microfluidics. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4095-4102. [PMID: 35492659 PMCID: PMC9049053 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10264g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible and self-standing poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate)-based hollow microvessels were fabricated from a microfluidic device using microfluidic principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S. Aykar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | | | | | - Nicole N. Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
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6
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Balistreri CR, Garagnani P, Madonna R, Vaiserman A, Melino G. Developmental programming of adult haematopoiesis system. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 54:100918. [PMID: 31226498 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Barker hypothesis of 'foetal origin of adult diseases' has led to emphasize the concept of 'developmental programming', based on the crucial role of epigenetic factors. Accordingly, it has been demonstrated that parental adversity (before conception and during pregnancy) and foetal factors (i.e., hypoxia, malnutrition and placental insufficiency) permanently modify the physiological systems of the progeny, predisposing them to premature ageing and chronic disease during adulthood. Thus, an altered functionality of the endocrine, immune, nervous and cardiovascular systems is observed in the progeny. However, it remains to be understood whether the haematopoietic system itself also represents a portrait of foetal programming. Here, we provide evidence, reporting and discussing related theories, and results of studies described in the literature. In addition, we have outlined our opinions and suggest how it is possible to intervene to correct foetal mal-programming. Some pro-health interventions and recommendations are proposed, with the hope of guarantee the health of future generations and trying to combat the continuous increase in age-related diseases in human populations.
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7
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Van De Maele K, Devlieger R, Gies I. In utero programming and early detection of cardiovascular disease in the offspring of mothers with obesity. Atherosclerosis 2018; 275:182-195. [PMID: 29929107 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The offspring of women with obesity during their pregnancy are exposed to an altered intra-uterine environment. A subsequent influence on the cardiovascular development during fetal life is assumed. In the present thematic review, we report on the current knowledge about this early development of cardiovascular disease from fetal life until adolescence. Based on animal studies, different contributing mechanisms have been hypothesized that still need confirmation in human subjects. Insulin resistance, increased levels of leptin, chronic inflammatory state, perturbation of sympathetic tone and epigenetic modifications contribute to a suboptimal nutrient environment and changed hemodynamics. The ensuing aberrant cardiomyocyte development, impaired endothelial cell relaxation and atherogenic lipid profile put these children at risk for the development of endothelial cell dysfunction. Increasing possibilities for early detection of this preliminary stage of atherosclerotic disease offer new insights into future prevention and treatment strategies. Future research should focus on further unraveling the effect of moderate intense, aerobic exercise. Since it is used to treat the condition in children and adolescents with good results, it might be a contributor to tackling endothelial cell dysfunction at its cradle when applied in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolien Van De Maele
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium; Research unit Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research unit GRON, Free University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium.
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Research unit Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Gies
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium; Research unit GRON, Free University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Tuvia
- Laboratory of Chronobiology; Institute for Medical Immunology; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - P. B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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The Impact of Macronutrients on Retinal Microvasculature among Singapore Pregnant Women during the Mid-Late Gestation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160704. [PMID: 27508392 PMCID: PMC4979959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Imbalanced macronutrient intakes can induce impairment of endothelial and vascular function, and further lead to metabolic and cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the influence of such diets on endothelial and vascular dysfunction in pregnant women, even though high-fat diet is a known risk for pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. Objective We aimed to assess the association between maternal macronutrient intakes (protein, fat and carbohydrates), dietary quality and retinal microvascular changes in a multi-ethnic Asian mother-offspring cohort. Methods Pregnant women (n = 614) with singleton pregnancies were recruited during their first trimester from June 2009 to Sep 2010. Maternal diet quality and macronutrient intakes, expressed as a percentage of total energy during pregnancy, were ascertained using 24 hr recalls and 3 d food diaries at 26–28 weeks gestation. Retinal examination was completed at the same clinic visit. Dietary quality was assessed and scored using the Health Eating Index in Asian Pregnant women (HEI-AP), while macronutrients intakes ware expressed as percentages of total energy and further log transformed for analysis. Associations were examined cross-sectionally by substitution models with the use of multiple linear regression. Results In adjusted model, each 20 points decrease in HEI-AP score was associated with a significant increase of 1.70 μm (p<0.05) in retinal venular calibre. Each 0.1 log increase in percentage of total fat intake was associated with a significant increment of 1.84 μm (p<0.05) in retinal venular caliber. Additionally, each 0.1 log increase in percentage of mono-unsaturated fat intake was associated with an increment of 1.84 μm (p<0.01) in retinal venular caliber. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study, we found that women with higher fat and lower protein intakes, and lower diet quality tended to have wider retinal venular caliber, which is suggestive of suboptimal microvasculature.
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11
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The 'Developmental Origins' Hypothesis: relevance to the obstetrician and gynecologist. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 6:415-24. [PMID: 26347389 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174415001324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of 'fetal origins of adult disease' has placed new responsibilities on the obstetrician, as antenatal care is no longer simply about ensuring good perinatal outcomes, but also needs to plan for optimal long-term health for mother and baby. Recently, it has become clear that the intrauterine environment has a broad and long-lasting impact, influencing fetal and childhood growth and development as well as future cardiovascular health, non-communicable disease risk and fertility. This article looks specifically at the importance of the developmental origins of ovarian reserve and ageing, the role of the placenta and maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy. It also reviews recent insights in developmental medicine of relevance to the obstetrician, and outlines emerging evidence supporting a proactive clinical approach to optimizing periconceptional as well as antenatal care aimed to protect newborns against long-term disease susceptibility.
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12
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Glucocorticoid-induced fetal origins of adult hypertension: Association with epigenetic events. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 82:41-50. [PMID: 26903240 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a predominant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and a major health care burden. Accumulating epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest that adult-onset hypertension may have its origins during early development. Upon exposure to glucocorticoids, the fetus develops hypertension, and the offspring may be programmed to continue the hypertensive trajectory into adulthood. Elevated oxidative stress and deranged nitric oxide system are not only hallmarks of adult hypertension but are also observed earlier in life. Endothelial dysfunction and remodeling of the vasculature, which are robustly associated with increased incidence of hypertension, are likely to have been pre-programmed during fetal life. Apparently, genomic, non-genomic, and epigenomic factors play a significant role in the development of hypertension, including glucocorticoid-driven effects on blood pressure. In this review, we discuss the involvement of the aforementioned participants in the pathophysiology of hypertension and suggest therapeutic opportunities for targeting epigenome modifiers, potentially for personalized medicine.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ludwig
- Institut fuer Vegetative Physiologie; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Högner
- Institut fuer Vegetative Physiologie; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Reuter
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III; AG Experimentelle Nephrologie; Universitätsklinikum Jena; Jena Germany
| | - R. Mrowka
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III; AG Experimentelle Nephrologie; Universitätsklinikum Jena; Jena Germany
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15
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Tang LL, Zhang LY, Lao LJ, Hu QY, Gu WZ, Fu LC, Du LZ. Epigenetics of Notch1 regulation in pulmonary microvascular rarefaction following extrauterine growth restriction. Respir Res 2015; 16:66. [PMID: 26040933 PMCID: PMC4486133 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) plays an important role in the developmental origin of adult cardiovascular diseases. In an EUGR rat model, we reported an elevated pulmonary arterial pressure in adults and genome-wide epigenetic modifications in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs). However, the underlying mechanism of the early nutritional insult that results in pulmonary vascular consequences later in life remains unclear. METHODS A rat model was used to investigate the physiological and structural effect of EUGR on early pulmonary vasculature by evaluating right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular density in male rats. Epigenetic modifications of the Notch1 gene in PVECs were evaluated. RESULTS EUGR decreased pulmonary vascular density with no significant impact on right ventricular systolic pressure at 3 weeks. Decreased transcription of Notch1 was observed both at 3 and 9 weeks, in association with decreased downstream target gene, Hes-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and bisulfite sequencing were performed to analyze the epigenetic modifications of the Notch1 gene promoter in PVECs. EUGR caused a significantly increased H3K27me3 in the proximal Notch1 gene promoter, and increased methylation of single CpG sites in the distal Notch1 gene promoter, both at 3 and 9 weeks. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that EUGR results in decreased pulmonary vascular growth in association with decreased Notch1 in PVECs. This may be mediated by increased CpG methylation and H3K27me3 in the Notch1 gene promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Tang
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Yan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin-Jiang Lao
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiong-Yao Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Zhong Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin-Chen Fu
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Zhong Du
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, People's Republic of China.
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16
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17
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Frisbee JC, Goodwill AG, Frisbee SJ, Butcher JT, Wu F, Chantler PD. Microvascular perfusion heterogeneity contributes to peripheral vascular disease in metabolic syndrome. J Physiol 2014; 594:2233-43. [PMID: 25384789 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.285247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge facing public health is the increased incidence and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, a clinical condition characterized by excess adiposity, impaired glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia and moderate hypertension. The greatest concern for this syndrome is the profound increase in risk for development of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in afflicted persons. However, ongoing studies suggest that reductions in bulk blood flow to skeletal muscle may not be the primary contributor to the premature muscle fatigue that is a hallmark of PVD. Compelling evidence has been provided suggesting that an increasingly spatially heterogeneous and temporally stable distribution of blood flow at successive arteriolar bifurcations in metabolic syndrome creates an environment where a large number of the pre-capillary arterioles have low perfusion, low haematocrit, and are increasingly confined to this state, with limited ability to adapt perfusion in response to a challenged environment. Single pharmacological interventions are unable to significantly restore function owing to a divergence in their spatial effectiveness, although combined therapeutic approaches to correct adrenergic dysfunction, elevated oxidant stress and increased thromboxane A2 improve perfusion-based outcomes. Integrated, multi-target therapeutic interventions designed to restore healthy network function and flexibility may provide for superior outcomes in subjects with metabolic syndrome-associated PVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Adam G Goodwill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephanie J Frisbee
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Department of Health Policy, Management and Leadership, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Fan Wu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
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18
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Grooten IJ, Painter RC, Pontesilli M, van der Post JAM, Mol BWJ, van Eijsden M, Vrijkotte TGM, Roseboom TJ. Weight loss in pregnancy and cardiometabolic profile in childhood: findings from a longitudinal birth cohort. BJOG 2014; 122:1664-73. [PMID: 25145598 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the consequences of weight loss in pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes and cardiometabolic profile in childhood. DESIGN Prospective birth cohort (ABCD study). SETTING Between 2003 and 2004, all pregnant women in Amsterdam were approached for study participation. POPULATION 7818 pregnant women were included, of which 3165 consented to having their children examined at 5-6 years of age. In 1956 children fasting capillary blood samples were also taken. METHODS At antenatal booking, women answered questions about their pregnancy and whether they suffered from severe weight loss (SWL; >5 kg). Pregnancy details and outcomes were available through the obstetric caregiver. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES At birth main outcome measures were prematurity (<37 weeks) and birthweight. At follow-up, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose and lipids were assessed. RESULTS SWL occurred in 6.8% of cases. Women with SWL had similar preterm birth rates compared with women without these complaints (adjusted OR 1.1, 95%CI 0.7, 1.7). Birthweight (adjusted difference - 31 g, 95%CI -76, 15) and BMI at 5-6 years of age (adjusted difference 0.2 kg/m(2) , 95%CI 0.0, 0.5) were similar in children born to mothers with SWL and without SWL, but blood pressure was increased. For diastolic blood pressure this association was independent of confounders (adjusted difference 1.4 mmHg, 95%CI 0.4, 2.4). Lipid and glucose levels were not significantly different between these groups. CONCLUSION Early pregnancy weight loss, usually occurring as a manifestation of hyperemesis gravidarum, could have long-term consequences for offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Grooten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R C Painter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Pontesilli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - J A M van der Post
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B W J Mol
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M van Eijsden
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T J Roseboom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Novielli NM, Jackson DN. Contraction-evoked vasodilation and functional hyperaemia are compromised in branching skeletal muscle arterioles of young pre-diabetic mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:371-84. [PMID: 24703586 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of pre-diabetes on microvascular network function in contracting skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that pre-diabetes compromises contraction-evoked vasodilation of branching second-order (2A), third-order (3A) and fourth-order (4A) arterioles, where distal arterioles would be affected the greatest. METHODS Intravital video microscopy was used to measure arteriolar diameter (in 2A, 3A and 4A) and blood flow (in 2A and 3A) changes to electrical field stimulation of the gluteus maximus muscle in pre-diabetic (The Pound Mouse, PD) and control (c57bl6, CTRL) mice. RESULTS Baseline diameter and blood flow were similar between groups (2A: ~20 μm, 3A: ~14 μm and 4A: ~8 μm; 2A: ~1 nL s(-1) and 3A: ~0.5 nL s(-1) ). Single tetanic contraction (100 Hz; 200, 400, 800 ms duration) evoked rapid-onset vasodilation (ROV) and blood flow responses that were blunted by ~50% and up to 81%, respectively, in PD vs. CTRL (P < 0.05). The magnitude of ROV was up to 2-fold greater at distal arterioles (3A and 4A) vs. proximal arterioles (2A) in CTRL; however, in PD, ROV of only 4A was greater than 2A (P < 0.05). Rhythmic contraction (2 and 8 Hz, 30 s) evoked vasodilatory and blood flow responses that were also attenuated by ~50% and up to 71%, respectively, in PD vs. CTRL (P < 0.05). The magnitude of vasodilatory responses to rhythmic contraction was also up to 2.5-fold greater at 4A vs. 2A in CTRL; however spatial differences in vasodilation across arteriolar branch orders was disrupted in PD. CONCLUSIONS Arteriolar dysregulation in pre-diabetes causes deficits in contraction-evoked dilation and blood flow, where greatest deficits occur at distal arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Novielli
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - D. N. Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Western University; London ON Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program; Western University; London ON Canada
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