1
|
Progesterone Sporadically Induces Reactivation from Latency in Female Calves but Proficiently Stimulates Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Productive Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0213021. [PMID: 35019726 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02130-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute infection of the ocular, oral, or nasal cavity by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) culminates in lifelong latency in sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia. The BoHV-1 latency reactivation cycle, including calves latently infected with commercially available modified live vaccines, can lead to reproductive complications, including abortions. Recent studies demonstrated progesterone stimulated BoHV-1 productive infection and sporadically induced reactivation from latency in male rabbits. The progesterone receptor (PR) and progesterone transactivate the immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1) promoter and the infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) early promoter. These viral promoters drive expression of two viral transcriptional regulatory proteins (bICP0 and bICP4) that are crucial for productive infection. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that progesterone induces reactivation in a subset of calves latently infected with BoHV-1. These studies demonstrated progesterone was less efficient than dexamethasone at initiating reactivation from latency in female calves. Notably, heat stress correlated with enhancing the ability of progesterone to induce reactivation from latency. Previous studies demonstrated that heat stress activates the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which suggested GR activation augments progesterone-mediated reactivation from latency. Additional studies revealed GR and PR cooperatively stimulated productive infection and synergistically transactivated the IEtu1 promoter when cultures were treated with dexamethasone. Mutating one or both GR binding sites in the IEtu1 promoter blocked transactivation. Collectively, these studies indicated that progesterone intermittently triggered reactivation from latency, and heat stress augmented reactivation from reactivation. Finally, these studies suggest progesterone enhances virus spread in tissues and cells where PR is abundantly expressed. IMPORTANCE Steroid hormone fluctuations are predicted to enhance or initiate bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) replication and virus spread in cattle. For example, stress increases the incidence of BoHV-1 reactivation from latency in cattle, and the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone consistently induces reactivation from latency. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and dexamethasone stimulate key viral regulatory promoters and productive infection, in part because the viral genome contains numerous consensus GR-responsive elements (GREs). The progesterone receptor (PR) and GR belong to the type I nuclear hormone receptor family. PR and progesterone specifically bind to and transactivate viral promoters that contain GREs and stimulate BoHV-1 productive infection. Although progesterone did not induce reactivation from latency in female calves as efficiently as dexamethasone, heat stress enhanced progesterone-mediated reactivation from latency. Consequently, we predict that low levels of stressful stimuli can cooperate with progesterone to induce reactivation from latency or promote virus spread.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mitochondrial Glucocorticoid Receptors and Their Actions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116054. [PMID: 34205227 PMCID: PMC8200016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are membrane organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells. In addition to their well-known role in energy production, mitochondria regulate central cellular processes, including calcium homeostasis, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, cell death, thermogenesis, and biosynthesis of lipids, nucleic acids, and steroid hormones. Glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate the mitochondrially encoded oxidative phosphorylation gene expression and mitochondrial energy metabolism. The identification of Glucocorticoid Response Elements (GREs) in mitochondrial sequences and the detection of Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) in mitochondria of different cell types gave support to hypothesis that mitochondrial GR directly regulates mitochondrial gene expression. Numerous studies have revealed changes in mitochondrial gene expression alongside with GR import/export in mitochondria, confirming the direct effects of GCs on mitochondrial genome. Further evidence has made clear that mitochondrial GR is involved in mitochondrial function and apoptosis-mediated processes, through interacting or altering the distribution of Bcl2 family members. Even though its exact translocation mechanisms remain unknown, data have shown that GR chaperones (Hsp70/90, Bag-1, FKBP51), the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, the HDAC6- mediated deacetylation and the outer mitochondrial translocation complexes (Tom complexes) co-ordinate GR mitochondrial trafficking. A role of mitochondrial GR in stress and depression as well as in lung and hepatic inflammation has also been demonstrated.
Collapse
|
3
|
Madkour M, Aboelenin MM, Shakweer WME, Alfarraj S, Alharbi SA, Abdel-Fattah SA, Alagawany M. Early life thermal stress modulates hepatic expression of thermotolerance related genes and physiological responses in two rabbit breeds. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1914207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | | | | | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed A. Abdel-Fattah
- Faculty of Agriculture, Poultry Production Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Faculty of Agriculture, Poultry Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Yu T. Mouse liver is more resistant than skeletal muscle to heat-induced apoptosis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:275-281. [PMID: 32880059 PMCID: PMC7736438 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During passive heat stress, shifting of blood flow from the hepato-splanchnic to peripheral regions produces less favorable physiological conditions in the liver than in the skeletal muscle. We were wondering if the two organs differ in susceptibility to heat injury and thus examined the effects of heat shock exposure on apoptotic and heat stress-related markers in the gastrocnemius muscle and liver of mice. During heat exposure, mice had a peak core body temperature of 41.1 ± 0.7 °C. Heat-exposed mice showed higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cleaved caspases, fragmented DNA, and Drp1 protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscles than control mice. These changes were not observed in the livers of heat-exposed mice. Furthermore, the levels of glucocorticoid receptor, HSP70, and HSF1 proteins were significantly elevated in the gastrocnemius muscles of heat-exposed mice compared with that of control mice. The livers of heat-exposed mice also revealed increased expression of HSP70 but no changes in the other proteins. These results demonstrate that heat exposure induces significantly lower levels of the stress response and apoptosis in the liver than in the skeletal muscle of mice. The liver tissue resistance against heat stress is associated with low levels of heat-induced ROS production and mitochondrial fission protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Tianzheng Yu
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Yu T. Involvement of p53 in the Responses of Cardiac Muscle Cells to Heat Shock Exposure and Heat Acclimation. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 13:928-937. [PMID: 32314164 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intense heat stress induces damage to the heart, whereas mild to moderate heat stress protects the heart against subsequent ischemic injury. The mechanisms underlying the detrimental and beneficial effects of heat stress remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of p53 in the responses of cardiac muscle cells to acute heat exposure and heat acclimation (HA). Heat exposure increased the levels of caspase and annexin, and levels of cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial p53 protein in H9c2 cells. Pifithrin-α or pifithrin-μ reduced heat-induced apoptotic response in these cells. HA reduced localization of p53 in the mitochondria and improved cell viability during heat exposure. The effects of heat exposure and HA on p53 were further verified in vivo in mouse heart tissue. These results suggest that p53 plays a role in heat-induced apoptosis in cardiac muscle cells. The protective effect of HA against heat injury likely involves a p53-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Tianzheng Yu
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu T, Dohl J, Wang L, Chen Y, Gasier HG, Deuster PA. Curcumin Ameliorates Heat-Induced Injury through NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Redox Signaling and Mitochondrial Preservation in C2C12 Myoblasts and Mouse Skeletal Muscle. J Nutr 2020; 150:2257-2267. [PMID: 32692359 PMCID: PMC7919340 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and the mitochondrial electron transport chain are the primary sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies have shown that severe heat exposure damages mitochondria and causes excessive mitochondrial ROS production that contributes to the pathogenesis of heat-related illnesses. OBJECTIVES We tested whether the antioxidant curcumin could protect against heat-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and skeletal muscle injury, and characterized the possible mechanism. METHODS Mouse C2C12 myoblasts and rat flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) myofibers were treated with 5 μM curcumin; adult male C57BL/6J mice received daily curcumin (15, 50, or 100 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for 10 consecutive days. We compared ROS levels and mitochondrial morphology and function between treatment and nontreatment groups under unheated or heat conditions, and investigated the upstream mechanism and the downstream effect of curcumin-regulated ROS production. RESULTS In C2C12 myoblasts, curcumin prevented heat-induced mitochondrial fragmentation, ROS overproduction, and apoptosis (all P < 0.05). Curcumin treatment for 2 and 4 h at 37°C induced increases in ROS levels by 42% and 59% (dihydroethidium-derived fluorescence), accompanied by increases in NADPH oxidase protein expression by 24% and 32%, respectively (all P < 0.01). In curcumin-treated cells, chemical inhibition and genetic knockdown of NADPH oxidase restored ROS to levels similar to those of controls, indicating NADPH oxidase mediates curcumin-stimulated ROS production. Moreover, curcumin induced ROS-dependent shifting of the mitochondrial fission-fusion balance toward fusion, and increases in mitochondrial mass by 143% and membrane potential by 30% (both P < 0.01). In rat FDB myofibers and mouse gastrocnemius muscles, curcumin preserved mitochondrial morphology and function during heat stress, and prevented heat-induced mitochondrial ROS overproduction and tissue injury (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Curcumin regulates ROS hormesis favoring mitochondrial fusion/elongation, biogenesis, and improved function in rodent skeletal muscle. Curcumin may be an effective therapeutic target for heat-related illness and other mitochondrial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Dohl
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA,Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yifan Chen
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heath G Gasier
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Hyperbaric Medicine & Environmental Physiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schosserer M, Banks G, Dogan S, Dungel P, Fernandes A, Marolt Presen D, Matheu A, Osuchowski M, Potter P, Sanfeliu C, Tuna BG, Varela-Nieto I, Bellantuono I. Modelling physical resilience in ageing mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 177:91-102. [PMID: 30290161 PMCID: PMC6445352 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Geroprotectors, a class of drugs targeting multiple deficits occurring with age, necessitate the development of new animal models to test their efficacy. The COST Action MouseAGE is a European network whose aim is to reach consensus on the translational path required for geroprotectors, interventions targeting the biology of ageing. In our previous work we identified frailty and loss of resilience as a potential target for geroprotectors. Frailty is the result of an accumulation of deficits, which occurs with age and reduces the ability to respond to adverse events (physical resilience). Modelling frailty and physical resilience in mice is challenging for many reasons. There is no consensus on the precise definition of frailty and resilience in patients or on how best to measure it. This makes it difficult to evaluate available mouse models. In addition, the characterization of those models is poor. Here we review potential models of physical resilience, focusing on those where there is some evidence that the administration of acute stressors requires integrative responses involving multiple tissues and where aged mice showed a delayed recovery or a worse outcome then young mice in response to the stressor. These models include sepsis, trauma, drug- and radiation exposure, kidney and brain ischemia, exposure to noise, heat and cold shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schosserer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gareth Banks
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Soner Dogan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Peter Dungel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Neuron-Glia Biology in Health and Disease, iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Darja Marolt Presen
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ander Matheu
- Oncology Department, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marcin Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Potter
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB) CSIC, IDIBAPS, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bilge Guvenc Tuna
- Department of Medical Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ilaria Bellantuono
- MRC/Arthritis Research-UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|