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Haddad M, Khazali H, Janahmadi M, Ghanbarian H. The differential effects of blocking retinal orexin receptors on the expression of retinal c-fos and hypothalamic Vip, PACAP, Bmal1, and c-fos in Male Wistar Rats. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109943. [PMID: 38797259 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Orexin A and B (OXA and OXB) and their receptors are expressed in the majority of retinal neurons in humans, rats, and mice. Orexins modulate signal transmission between the different layers of the retina. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the retina are central and peripheral components of the body's biological clocks; respectively. The SCN receives photic information from the retina through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) to synchronize bodily functions with environmental changes. In present study, we aimed to investigate the impact of inhibiting retinal orexin receptors on the expression of retinal Bmal1 and c-fos, as well as hypothalamic c-fos, Bmal1, Vip, and PACAP at four different time-points (Zeitgeber time; ZT 3, 6, 11, and ZT-0). The intravitreal injection (IVI) of OX1R antagonist (SB-334867) and OX2R antagonist (JNJ-10397049) significantly up-regulated c-fos expression in the retina. Additionally, compared to the control group, the combined injection of SB-334867 and JNJ-10397049 showed a greater increase in retinal expression of this gene. Moreover, the expression of hypothalamic Vip and PACAP was significantly up-regulated in both the SB-334867 and JNJ-10397049 groups. In contrast, the expression of Bmal1 was down-regulated. Furthermore, the expression of hypothalamic c-fos was down-regulated in all groups treated with SB-334867 and JNJ-10397049. Additionally, the study demonstrated that blocking these receptors in the retina resulted in alterations in circadian rhythm parameters such as mesor, amplitude, and acrophase. Finally, it affected the phase of gene expression rhythms in both the retina and hypothalamus, as identified through cosinor analysis and the zero-amplitude test. This study represents the initial exploration of how retinal orexin receptors influence expression of rhythmic genes in the retina and hypothalamus. These findings could provide new insights into how the retina regulates the circadian rhythm in both regions and illuminate the role of the orexinergic system expression within the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haddad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria; Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Homayoun Khazali
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahyar Janahmadi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Walker CD, Delorme TC, Kiessling S, Long H, Cermakian N. Peripheral clock gene oscillations are perturbed in neonatal and adult rat offspring raised under adverse limited bedding conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22886. [PMID: 38129480 PMCID: PMC10739797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian (24-h) rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) are established in utero in rodents, but rhythmicity of peripheral circadian clocks appears later in postnatal development. Since peripheral oscillators can be influenced by maternal feeding and behavior, we investigated whether exposure to the adverse environmental conditions of limited bedding (LB) during postnatal life would alter rhythmicity in the SCN, adrenal gland and liver in neonatal (postnatal day PND10), juvenile (PND28) and adult rats. We also examined locomotor activity in adults. Limited bedding increased nursing time and slightly increased fragmentation of maternal behavior. Exposure to LB reduced the amplitude of Per2 in the SCN on PND10. Adrenal clock gene expression (Bmal1, Per2, Cry1, Rev-erbα, Dbp) and corticosterone secretion were rhythmic at all ages in NB offspring, whereas rhythmicity of Bmal1, Cry1 and corticosterone was abolished in neonatal LB pups. Circadian gene expression in the adrenal and liver was well established by PND28. In adults, liver expression of several circadian genes was increased at specific daytimes by LB and the microstructure of locomotor behavior was altered. Thus, changes in maternal care and behavior might provide important signals to the maturing peripheral oscillators and modify, in particular their output functions in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Dominique Walker
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Lasalle Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
- Dept of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Tara C Delorme
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Lasalle Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Silke Kiessling
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill Campus, Guildford, GU27XH, UK
| | - Hong Long
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Lasalle Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Lasalle Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Dept of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Méndez N, Corvalan F, Halabi D, Ehrenfeld P, Maldonado R, Vergara K, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. From gestational chronodisruption to noncommunicable diseases: Pathophysiological mechanisms of programming of adult diseases, and the potential therapeutic role of melatonin. J Pineal Res 2023; 75:e12908. [PMID: 37650128 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
During gestation, the developing fetus relies on precise maternal circadian signals for optimal growth and preparation for extrauterine life. These signals regulate the daily delivery of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other biophysical factors while synchronizing fetal rhythms with the external photoperiod. However, modern lifestyle factors such as light pollution and shift work can induce gestational chronodisruption, leading to the desynchronization of maternal and fetal circadian rhythms. Such disruptions have been associated with adverse effects on cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental, metabolic, and endocrine functions in the fetus, increasing the susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in adult life. This aligns with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory, suggesting that early-life exposures can significantly influence health outcomes later in life. The consequences of gestational chronodisruption also extend into adulthood. Environmental factors like diet and stress can exacerbate the adverse effects of these disruptions, underscoring the importance of maintaining a healthy circadian rhythm across the lifespan to prevent NCDs and mitigate the impact of gestational chronodisruption on aging. Research efforts are currently aimed at identifying potential interventions to prevent or mitigate the effects of gestational chronodisruption. Melatonin supplementation during pregnancy emerges as a promising intervention, although further investigation is required to fully understand the precise mechanisms involved and to develop effective strategies for promoting health and preventing NCDs in individuals affected by gestational chronodisruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Méndez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Corvalan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria Seron-Ferre
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Lehmann M, Haury K, Oster H, Astiz M. Circadian glucocorticoids throughout development. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1165230. [PMID: 37179561 PMCID: PMC10166844 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1165230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential drivers of mammalian tissue growth and maturation during one of the most critical developmental windows, the perinatal period. The developing circadian clock is shaped by maternal GCs. GC deficits, excess, or exposure at the wrong time of day leads to persisting effects later in life. During adulthood, GCs are one of the main hormonal outputs of the circadian system, peaking at the beginning of the active phase (i.e., the morning in humans and the evening in nocturnal rodents) and contributing to the coordination of complex functions such as energy metabolism and behavior, across the day. Our article discusses the current knowledge on the development of the circadian system with a focus on the role of GC rhythm. We explore the bidirectional interaction between GCs and clocks at the molecular and systemic levels, discuss the evidence of GC influence on the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus during development and in the adult system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lehmann
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina Haury
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Arthritis and the role of endogenous glucocorticoids. Bone Res 2020; 8:33. [PMID: 32963891 PMCID: PMC7478967 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the most common forms of arthritis, are chronic, painful, and disabling conditions. Although both diseases differ in etiology, they manifest in progressive joint destruction characterized by pathological changes in the articular cartilage, bone, and synovium. While the potent anti-inflammatory properties of therapeutic (i.e., exogenous) glucocorticoids have been heavily researched and are widely used in clinical practice, the role of endogenous glucocorticoids in arthritis susceptibility and disease progression remains poorly understood. Current evidence from mouse models suggests that local endogenous glucocorticoid signaling is upregulated by the pro-inflammatory microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis and by aging-related mechanisms in osteoarthritis. Furthermore, these models indicate that endogenous glucocorticoid signaling in macrophages, mast cells, and chondrocytes has anti-inflammatory effects, while signaling in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, myocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes has pro-inflammatory actions in rheumatoid arthritis. Conversely, in osteoarthritis, endogenous glucocorticoid signaling in both osteoblasts and chondrocytes has destructive actions. Together these studies provide insights into the role of endogenous glucocorticoids in the pathogenesis of both inflammatory and degenerative joint disease.
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Persson PB, Persson AB. Foetal programming. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13403. [PMID: 31610082 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pontus B. Persson
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
| | - Anja Bondke Persson
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
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Čečmanová V, Houdek P, Šuchmanová K, Sládek M, Sumová A. Development and Entrainment of the Fetal Clock in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei: The Role of Glucocorticoids. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 34:307-322. [PMID: 30854919 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419835360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The adult circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is resilient to glucocorticoids (GCs). The fetal rodent SCN resembles that of the adult in its organization of GC-sensitive peripheral tissues. We tested the hypothesis that the fetal SCN clock is sensitive to changes in GC levels. Maternal GCs must pass through the placenta to reach the fetal SCN. We show that the maternal but not the fetal part of the placenta harbors the autonomous circadian clock, which is reset by dexamethasone (DEX) and rhythmically expresses Hsd11b2. The results suggest the presence of a mechanism for rhythmic GC passage through the placental barrier, which is adjusted according to actual GC levels. GC receptors are expressed rhythmically in the laser-dissected fetal SCN samples. We demonstrate that hypothalamic explants containing the SCN of the mPer2 Luc mouse prepared at embryonic day (E)15 spontaneously develop rhythmicity within several days of culture, with dynamics varying among fetuses from the same litter. Culturing these explants in media enriched with DEX accelerates the development. At E17, treatment of the explants with DEX induces phase advances and phase delays of the rhythms depending on the timing of treatments, and the shifts are completely blocked by the GC receptor antagonist, mifepristone. The DEX-induced phase-response curve differs from that induced by the vehicle. The fetal SCN is sensitive to GCs in vivo because DEX administration to pregnant rats acutely downregulates c-fos expression specifically in the laser-dissected fetal SCN. Our results provide evidence that the rodent fetal SCN clock may respond to changes in GC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Čečmanová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Houdek
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Šuchmanová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sládek
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Sumová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Persson PB, Bondke Persson A. Circadian rhythms. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13220. [PMID: 30457219 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pontus B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
| | - Anja Bondke Persson
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
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Chung JK, Choi KS, Kang HG, Jung HY, Joo EJ. The relationship between morningness-eveningness and resilience in mood disorder patients. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 87:72-78. [PMID: 30223198 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence that resilience is related to mental illness. Patients with a mood disorder have a tendency to show eveningness, and they tend to be less resilient. However, no study has investigated the association between resilience and morningness-eveningness in patients with a mood disorder. The aim of this study was to explore whether morningness-eveningness is related to resilience in patients with a mood disorder. METHODS We recruited 224 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 77 with bipolar disorder (BD), and 958 control participants. Morningness-eveningness and resilience were evaluated using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), respectively. RESULTS The CD-RISC scores were significantly lower in patients with MDD, followed by those with BD, than those of the control group. The CD-RISC score was positively correlated with the CS score in patients with MDD and BD. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the CS score was significantly associated with the CD-RISC score after controlling for the possible influence of age, gender, length of education, economic status, onset age, and suicide attempt history in the MDD group. However, the association did not reach statistical significance in patients with BD. CONCLUSIONS Higher resilience was positively correlated with morningness in patients with MDD or BD. In multiple regression analysis, a significant linear relationship was observed between resilience and morningness only in patients with MDD. The biological mechanism underlying the relationship between morningness-eveningness and resilience should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eumsung-somang Hospital, Eumsung, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Sook Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Gyoo Kang
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Institute for Senior Industry, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human and Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Meical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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