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de Jager L, Vidigal CB, de Campos BH, Reginato GS, Fernandes LM, Ariza D, Higashi-Mckeown CM, Bertozzi MM, Rasquel de Oliveira FS, Verri Junior WA, Ceravolo GS, Crestani CC, Pinge-Filho P, Martins-Pinge MC. Role of the iNOS isoform in the cardiovascular dysfunctions of male rats with 6-OHDA-induced Parkinsonism. Nitric Oxide 2023; 134-135:49-60. [PMID: 37054808 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Available studies have shown the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the processes that lead to neurodegeneration in PD. Also, the use of inhibitors of the inducible isoform of NO-synthase (iNOS) promotes neuroprotection and attenuates dopamine (DA) loss in experimental models of Parkinsonism. In addition, NO also appears to be involved in cardiovascular changes in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinsonism. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of iNOS inhibition on cardiovascular and autonomic function in animals that were subjected to Parkinsonism by the administration of 6-OHDA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals underwent stereotaxic surgery for bilateral microinfusion of the neurotoxin 6-OHDA (6 mg/mL in 0.2% ascorbic acid in sterile saline solution) or vehicle solution for the Sham group. From the day of stereotaxis until the day of femoral artery catheterization, the animals were treated with the iNOS inhibitor, S-methylisothiourea (SMT; 10 mg/kg; i.p.) or saline solution (0.9%; i.p.) for 7 days. The animals were divided into four groups: Sham-Saline, Sham-SMT, 6-OHDA-Saline, and 6-OHDA-SMT. Subsequent analyses were performed on these four groups. After 6 days, they underwent catheterization of the femoral artery, and 24 hours later, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Another group of animals (the 6-OHDA and Sham groups) was assessed for aortic vascular reactivity after 7 days of bilateral infusion of 6-OHDA or vehicle, in which cumulative concentration-effect curves (CCEC) were made for phenylephrine (Phenyl), acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (NPS). Also, CCEC in the presence of Nw-nitro-arginine-methyl-ester (l-NAME) (10-5 M), SMT (10-6 M), and indomethacin (10-5M) blockers were made. RESULTS The effectiveness of the 6-OHDA lesion was confirmed with the reduction of DA in 6-OHDA animals. However, treatment with SMT could not reverse the loss of DA. Concerning the baseline parameters, SBP and MAP values were lower in 6-OHDA animals compared to their Sham control, with no effect of treatment with SMT. In the analysis of SBP variability, a decrease in variance, the VLFabs component, and the LFabs component were observed in the 6-OHDA groups when compared to their controls, regardless of treatment with SMT. It was also observed that intravenous injections of SMT resulted in an increase in BP and a decrease in HR. However, the response was not different between the Sham and 6-OHDA groups. In vascular function, there was a hyporeactivity to Phenyl in the 6-OHDA group, and when investigating the mechanisms of this hyporeactivity, it was seen that the Rmax to Phenyl increased with incubation with SMT, indicating that iNOS could be involved in the vascular hyporeactivity of animals with Parkinsonism. CONCLUSION Thus, the set of results presented in this study suggests that part of the cardiovascular dysfunction in animals subjected to 6-OHDA Parkinsonism may be peripheral and involve the participation of endothelial iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena de Jager
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Borecki Vidigal
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Blenda Hyedra de Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souza Reginato
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena Maria Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ariza
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Marques Bertozzi
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos César Crestani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Departamento de Princípios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Martins-Pinge MC, de Jager L, de Campos BH, Bezerra LO, Turini PG, Pinge-Filho P. Nitric Oxide Involvement in Cardiovascular Dysfunctions of Parkinson Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:898797. [PMID: 35899105 PMCID: PMC9309809 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, causing motor changes. In addition to motor symptoms, non-motor dysfunctions such as psychological, sensory and autonomic disorders are recorded. Manifestations related to the autonomic nervous system include the cardiovascular system, as postural hypotension, postprandial hypotension, and low blood pressure. One of the mediators involved is the nitric oxide (NO). In addition to the known roles such as vasodilator, neuromodulator, NO acts as an important mediator of the immune response, increasing the inflammatory response provoked by PD in central nervous system. The use of non-specific NOS inhibitors attenuated the neurodegenerative response in animal models of PD. However, the mechanisms by which NO contributes to neurodegeneration are still not well understood. The literature suggest that the contribution of NO occurs through its interaction with superoxides, products of oxidative stress, and blocking of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in neuronal death. Most studies involving Parkinsonism models have evaluated brain NO concentrations, with little data available on its peripheral action. Considering that studies that evaluated the involvement of NO in the neurodegeneration in PD, through NOS inhibitors administration, showed neuroprotection in rats, it has prompted new studies to assess the participation of NOS isoforms in cardiovascular changes induced by parkinsonism, and thus to envision new targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders in PD. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review to assess available information on the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in cardiovascular aspects of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge,
| | - Lorena de Jager
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Blenda Hyedra de Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Lorena Oliveira Bezerra
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Pamela Giovana Turini
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina- UEL, Londrina, Brazil
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Salusin-β in Intermediate Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus Regulates Sympathetic-Parasympathetic Balance and Blood Pressure. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091118. [PMID: 34572305 PMCID: PMC8467440 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) is known to control vagal activity. It is unknown whether the DMV regulates sympathetic activity and whether salusin-β in the DMV contributes to autonomic nervous activity. We investigated the roles of salusin-β in DMV in regulating sympathetic-parasympathetic balance and its underline mechanisms. Microinjections were carried out in the DMV and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in male adult anesthetized rats. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Immunohistochemistry for salusin-β and reactive oxidative species (ROS) production in the DMV were examined. Salusin-β was expressed in the intermediate DMV (iDMV). Salusin-β in the iDMV not only inhibited RSNA but also enhanced vagal activity and thereby reduced blood pressure and heart rate. The roles of salusin-β in causing vagal activation were mediated by NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide anion production in the iDMV. The roles of salusin-β in inhibiting RSNA were mediated by not only the NAD(P)H oxidase-originated superoxide anion production in the iDMV but also the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor activation in PVN. Moreover, endogenous salusin-β and ROS production in the iDMV play a tonic role in inhibiting RSNA. These results indicate that salusin-β in the iDMV inhibits sympathetic activity and enhances vagal activity, and thereby reduces blood pressure and heart rate, which are mediated by NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent ROS production in the iDMV. Moreover, GABAA receptor in the PVN mediates the effect of salusin-β on sympathetic inhibition. Endogenous salusin-β and ROS production in the iDMV play a tonic role in inhibiting sympathetic activity.
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de Campos BH, de Jager L, Reginato GS, Pereira RS, Crestani CC, Pinge-Filho P, Martins-Pinge MC. Cardiovascular evaluation of female rats with 6-OHDA-induced parkinsonism: Possible protection by ovarian hormones and participation of nitric oxide. Life Sci 2020; 259:118259. [PMID: 32795538 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder caused by environmental and genetic factors, characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), leading to a decrease of dopamine in the striatum. In addition to motor symptoms, PD has several abnormalities, among which are cardiovascular changes, such as orthostatic and postprandial hypotension, and blood pressure lability. Studies demonstrate gender differences in PD pathogenesis, indicating that female hormones have a protective role against disease development. However, no studies examining cardiovascular changes in a female rat model of parkinsonism exist. MAIN METHODS Wistar female rats were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery. After seven days, these animals were subjected to bilateral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or vehicle solution in their SNpc. On the 14th experimental day, a femoral artery catheterization was performed to record cardiovascular parameters after 24 h in conscious state. Analyses of cardiovascular variability and spontaneous baroreflex were performed. The nitrite (NO) concentration in the heart, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, and plasma was measured. KEY FINDINGS The sham-6-OHDA group had no decrease in the mean arterial pressure compared to sham-saline group, whereas the OVX-6-OHDA group presented a baseline decrease in comparison to sham-6-OHDA. The OVX-6-OHDA group showed an NO increase in the heart and abdominal aorta, whereas the sham-6-OHDA group did not. The very low frequency variability component decreased in the sham-6-OHDA but not in the OVX-6-OHDA group. SIGNIFICANCE We suggest a cardiovascular protection by ovarian hormones in PD with a possible NO involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blenda Hyedra de Campos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena de Jager
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souza Reginato
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rito Santo Pereira
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos César Crestani
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Lu J, Li Q, Xu D, Liao Y, Wang H. Programming of a developmental imbalance in hypothalamic glutamatergic/GABAergic afferents mediates low basal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure in male offspring rats. Toxicol Lett 2020; 331:33-41. [PMID: 32445661 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was intended to demonstrate that prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) can induce low basal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) in male offspring rats and explore the underlying mechanism. Pregnant rats were subcutaneously administered 0.2 mg/kg/d dexamethasone from gestational day (GD) 9 to GD20. Male GD20 fetuses and postnatal day 85 adult male offspring rats were sacrificed under anesthesia. Hypothalamic cells were from GD20∼postnatal day (PD) 7 fetal male rats, treated with different concentrations of dexamethasone and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone for 5 days. The results suggested that dexamethasone enhanced the expression of hypothalamic L-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 67 by activating GR, further stimulating the conversion of glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and inducing an imbalance in glutamatergic/GABAergic afferents in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). This imbalance change was maintained postnatally, leading to the inhibition of parvocellular neurons, and mediating the low basal activity of the HPAA in PDE offspring rats, which was manifested by decreased levels of blood adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone as well as reduced expression levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the hypothalamus. Programming of a developmental imbalance in glutamatergic/GABAergic afferents in the PVN is a potential mechanism responsible for low basal activity of the HPAA in male PDE rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- Jiangmen Central Hospital Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun YAT-SEN University, Jiangmen, 529000, China; Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Gansu provincial hospital of TCM Affiliated to Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Gansu provincial hospital of TCM Affiliated to Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yongbin Liao
- Jiangmen Central Hospital Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun YAT-SEN University, Jiangmen, 529000, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Lu J, Li Q, Ma G, Hong C, Zhang W, Wang Y, Wang H. Prenatal ethanol exposure-induced hypothalamic an imbalance of glutamatergic/GABAergic projections and low functional expression in male offspring rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111419. [PMID: 32437893 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to demonstrate that prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) can induce low functional expression of the hypothalamus in male offspring rats and explore the underlying mechanism. Pregnant rats were administered 4 g/kg ethanol or normal saline by oral gavage each day from gestational day (GD) 9 to GD20. Male GD20 foetuses and postnatal day 120 adult offspring rats were sacrificed under anaesthesia. Hypothalamic cells from male GD20~postnatal day (PD) 7 rats were treated with different doses of corticosterone and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone for 5 days. In this study, we found that PEE-induced overexposure of maternal glucocorticoids enhanced the expression of L-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 67 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by activating the glucocorticoid metabolic activation system, further inducing the conversion of glutamate to L-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and developmental imbalance of glutamatergic/GABAergic projections to the PVN. The imbalance change was maintained until after birth, resulting in the inhibition of parvocellular neurons and low functional expression of the hypothalamus in PEE offspring rats. Our study indicated that low functional expression of the hypothalamus in male PEE offspring rats was associated with developmental programming of an imbalance of glutamatergic/GABAergic projections to the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Department of Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM Affiliated to Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM Affiliated to Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Guoqin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM Affiliated to Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Chenghao Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Mrowka R. Recent advances in blood pressure research. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13412. [PMID: 31721449 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Mrowka
- AG Experimentelle Nephrologie Klinik für Innere Medizin III Universitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
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