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Rakusanova S, Cajka T. Metabolomics and Lipidomics for Studying Metabolic Syndrome: Insights into Cardiovascular Diseases, Type 1 & 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Physiol Res 2024; 73:S165-S183. [PMID: 39212142 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics and lipidomics have emerged as tools in understanding the connections of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review highlights the applications of these omics approaches in large-scale cohort studies, emphasizing their role in biomarker discovery and disease prediction. Integrating metabolomics and lipidomics has significantly advanced our understanding of MetS pathology by identifying unique metabolic signatures associated with disease progression. However, challenges such as standardizing analytical workflows, data interpretation, and biomarker validation remain critical for translating research findings into clinical practice. Future research should focus on optimizing these methodologies to enhance their clinical utility and address the global burden of MetS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rakusanova
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Maines LW, Keller SN, Smith RA, Schrecengost RS, Smith CD. Opaganib Downregulates N-Myc Expression and Suppresses In Vitro and In Vivo Growth of Neuroblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1779. [PMID: 38730731 PMCID: PMC11082966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common cancer in infants and the most common solid tumor outside the brain in children, grows aggressively and responds poorly to current therapies. We have identified a new drug (opaganib, also known as ABC294640) that modulates sphingolipid metabolism by inhibiting the synthesis of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) by sphingosine kinase-2 and elevating dihydroceramides by inhibition of dihydroceramide desaturase. The present studies sought to determine the potential therapeutic activity of opaganib in cell culture and xenograft models of NB. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that NB cells, including cells with amplified MYCN, are effectively killed by opaganib concentrations well below those that accumulate in tumors in vivo. Opaganib was shown to cause dose-dependent decreases in S1P and hexosylceramide levels in Neuro-2a cells, while concurrently elevating levels of dihydroceramides. As with other tumor cells, opaganib reduced c-Myc and Mcl-1 protein levels in Neuro-2a cells, and also reduced the expression of the N-Myc protein. The in vivo growth of xenografts of human SK-N-(BE)2 cells with amplified MYCN was suppressed by oral administration of opaganib at doses that are well tolerated in mice. Combining opaganib with temozolomide plus irinotecan, considered the backbone for therapy of relapsed or refractory NB, resulted in increased antitumor activity in vivo compared with temozolomide plus irinotecan or opaganib alone. Mice did not lose additional weight when opaganib was combined with temozolomide plus irinotecan, indicating that the combination is well tolerated. Opaganib has additive antitumor activity toward Neuro-2a tumors when combined with the checkpoint inhibitor anti-CTLA-4 antibody; however, the combination of opaganib with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies did not provide increased antitumor activity over that seen with opaganib alone. Overall, the data demonstrate that opaganib modulates sphingolipid metabolism and intracellular signaling in NB cells and inhibits NB tumor growth alone and in combination with other anticancer drugs. Amplified MYCN does not confer resistance to opaganib, and, in fact, the drug attenuates the expression of both c-Myc and N-Myc. The safety of opaganib has been established in clinical trials with adults with advanced cancer or severe COVID-19, and so opaganib has excellent potential for treating patients with NB, particularly in combination with temozolomide and irinotecan or anti-CTLA-4 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Charles D. Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, 1214 Research Blvd, Suite 2015, Hummelstown, PA 17036, USA
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Sen P, Govaere O, Sinioja T, McGlinchey A, Geng D, Ratziu V, Bugianesi E, Schattenberg JM, Vidal-Puig A, Allison M, Cockell S, Daly AK, Hyötyläinen T, Anstee QM, Orešič M. Quantitative modeling of human liver reveals dysregulation of glycosphingolipid pathways in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. iScience 2022; 25:104949. [PMID: 36065182 PMCID: PMC9440293 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent disease that is associated with multiple metabolic disturbances, yet the metabolic pathways underlying its progression are poorly understood. Here, we studied metabolic pathways of the human liver across the full histological spectrum of NAFLD. We analyzed whole liver tissue transcriptomics and serum metabolomics data obtained from a large, prospectively enrolled cohort of 206 histologically characterized patients derived from the European NAFLD Registry and developed genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) of human hepatocytes at different stages of NAFLD. We identified several metabolic signatures in the liver and blood of these patients, specifically highlighting the alteration of vitamins (A, E) and glycosphingolipids, and their link with complex glycosaminoglycans in advanced fibrosis. Furthermore, we derived GEMs and identified metabolic signatures of three common NAFLD-associated gene variants (PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and HSD17B13). The study demonstrates dysregulated liver metabolic pathways which may contribute to the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partho Sen
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70281 Örebro, Sweden
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Tim Sinioja
- Department of Chemistry, Örebro University, 70281 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Aidan McGlinchey
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70281 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Dawei Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Örebro University, 70281 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital Beaujon, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastro-Hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jörn M. Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Programm, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael Allison
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Simon Cockell
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ann K. Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Quentin M. Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70281 Örebro, Sweden
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Genetic Variants Associated with Elevated Plasma Ceramides in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081497. [PMID: 36011408 PMCID: PMC9407997 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition of metabolic disorders and shows a steady onset globally. Ceramides are known as intracellular signaling molecules that influence key metabolism through various pathways such as MetS and insulin resistance. Therefore, it is important to identify novel genetic factors related to increased plasma ceramides in subjects with MetS. Here we first measured plasma ceramides levels in 37 subjects with MetS and in 38 healthy subjects by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Specifically, levels of C16 ceramide (Cer-16), C18 ceramide (Cer-18), C20 ceramide (Cer-20), C18 dihydroceramide (DhCer-18), C24 dihydroceramide (DhCer-24), and C24:1 dihydroceramide (DhCer-24:1) were significantly increased in MetS group (p < 5.0 × 10−2). We then performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping to identify variants associated with elevated plasma ceramides in MetS group using Axiom® Korea Biobank Array v1.1 chip. We also performed linear regression analysis on genetic variants involved in ceramide synthesis and significantly elevated plasma ceramides and dihydroceramides. Ten variants (rs75397325, rs4246316, rs80165332, rs62106618, rs12358192, rs11006229, rs10826014, rs149162405, rs6109681, and rs3906631) across six genes (ACER1, CERS3, CERS6, SGMS1, SPTLC2, and SPTLC3) functionally involved in ceramide biosynthesis showed significant associations with the elevated levels of at least one of the ceramide species in MetS group at a statistically significant threshold of false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p < 5.0 × 10−2. Our findings suggest that the variants may be genetic determinants associated with increased plasma ceramides in individuals with MetS.
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