1
|
Łyś AE, Adamczyk K. Exploring the role of country-level gender equality in the link between relationship status and perceived social support across 49 countries. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2436. [PMID: 38287131 PMCID: PMC10825160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Past studies have demonstrated that higher perceived social support among coupled individuals and greater gender equality foster a more supportive social context. Less is known about how the link between relationship status and perceived social support may vary across countries that differ in gender equality. Employing the data collected from the COVIDiSTRESS I (39 countries; N = 99,075) and COVIDiSTRESS II (23 countries; N = 8293) projects, we examined whether country-level gender equality moderates the link between relationship status and perceived social support. Multilevel regression analyses indicated that gender equality moderated the link between relationship status and perceived social support. Single people in countries with less gender equality reported less perceived social support than was reported by both coupled people and single people from countries with moderate and high levels of gender equality, however, the effect of the interaction between relationship status and gender equality on perceived social support was very low. The results suggest that gender equality fosters perceived social support, both for single people and for partnered people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka E Łyś
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Adamczyk
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhang K. Social capital, perceived stress, and mental health of men who have sex with men in China: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1134198. [PMID: 37063552 PMCID: PMC10098019 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMental health problems are prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM). Social capital and perceived stress may affect the mental health of MSM. The purpose of this study was to understand the current status of mental health, social capital, and perceived stress among MSM and to explore which variables are influential factors of mental health.MethodsThis study adopted a convenience sampling method and posted recruitment information through online social platforms (Blued, QQ, and WeChat) from January 2022 to June 2022 to recruit participants. The questionnaire included a demographic questionnaire, Social Capital Questionnaire (SCQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20). Descriptive analyses of demographic characteristics, social capital, perceived stress, and mental health were conducted using percentages, median, interquartile range, means, and standard deviations. One-way ANOVA and independent-samples t-test were used to test the relationship between demographic characteristics and mental health, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze which variables were influencing factors of mental health. SPSS 24.0 was used for data analysis, and significant differences were found at p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 546 MSM participated in this study. Total social capital score was 18.59 ± 2.62, cognitive social capital, social participation, and social network scores were 6.53 ± 1.05, 4.15 ± 0.97, and 7.91 ± 1.57. PSS score was 26.91 ± 6.44, and SRQ-20 score was 7.5 (3, 11). Education level, relationship status, employed information, monthly income, sexual orientation, perceived stress, and three dimensions of social capital were included in the multiple linear regression based on the results of One-way ANOVA, t-test, and correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that relationship status (in a relationship), sexual orientation (heterosexual, bisexual, other), perceived stress, social participation, and social network had a significant effect on mental health.ConclusionSex with men have poorer mental health. Relationship status, sexual orientation, perceived stress, social networks, and social participation are important factors influencing mental health. The general public should be called upon to treat them with a more tolerant attitude, improve the social environment, and promote their identification with their sexual orientation, thereby reducing perceived stress and promoting the mental health of this population. In addition, from the perspective of social capital, promoting MSM social participation and expanding social networks may also be an important way to promote MSM mental health.
Collapse
|
3
|
Shared Activities With Parents During Adolescence Predicts Health Risk Across Multiple Biological Systems 22 Years Later. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:130-140. [PMID: 36728940 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although affectively focused dimensions of social relationships are associated with differences in health risk, less research has considered nonaffective features of relationships, such as engaging in shared activities. This study sought to test whether adolescents who engaged in more shared activities with their parents had lower health risk in early midlife across multiple biological markers. METHODS Using data from a nationally representative study ( N = 4801), prospective associations between shared activities with parents during adolescence and health risk classifications for measures of inflammation, renal function, glucose homeostasis, and cholesterol 22 years later were examined, along with the potentially confounding roles of childhood socioeconomic status and parent-child relationship satisfaction. Exploratory analyses considered possible indirect effects of cigarette use, alcohol use, and body mass index in adulthood. RESULTS Engaging in more shared activities with parents was associated with a reduced likelihood of being classified in a high-risk health category for markers of inflammation ( B = -0.02, standard error [SE] = 0.01, p = .040), renal function ( B = -0.08, SE = 002, p = .001), glucose ( B = -0.06, SE = 0.23, p = .011), and high-density lipoprotein ( B = - 0.03, SE = 0.01, p = .021), and overall allostatic load ( B = - 0.02, SE = 0.02, p = .001), beyond demographic and health covariates. Controlling for parental income and relationship satisfaction largely did not affect observed associations. Exploratory tests of indirect effects imply that health behaviors in adulthood may partially account for observed associations. CONCLUSIONS Engaging in more shared activities predicted more optimal health classifications 22 years later, suggesting that the amount of contact between parents and teenagers may have long-lasting beneficial health effects. Furthermore, consideration of nonaffective dimensions of family relationships may provide additional insight into associations between social relationships and health.
Collapse
|
4
|
Adamczyk K, Kleka P, Frydrychowicz M. Psychometric functioning, measurement invariance, and external associations of the Relationship Assessment Scale in a sample of Polish Adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22157. [PMID: 36550189 PMCID: PMC9773665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current article reports data from three Polish samples to examine the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) with respect to its unidimensionality, invariance across countries, gender, formal and informal relationships, degree of precision (or information) across latent levels of relationship satisfaction, and the functioning of individual items. The analyses of the data from the reference sample (n = 733) confirmed a clear 1-factor structure of the RAS-PL and good internal consistency. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance for countries (Poland, Hungary, USA), gender (women and men) and relationship types (formal and informal relationships) were achieved. Item Response Theory Analysis (IRT) suggested that the RAS-PL assesses relationship satisfaction most reliably at low to average levels. Analyses of the data from validation samples (n = 203 and n = 209) confirmed the convergent and divergent validity by weak, medium, and large correlations of the RAS-PL with measures of other theoretically related constructs. Concurrent criterion validity was demonstrated by a strong positive correlation between the RAS-PL and the intent to continue the current relationship. This investigation provides considerable psychometric information about the items and scale of the RAS-PL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Adamczyk
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. A. Szamarzewskiego 89/AB, 60-568 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Kleka
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. A. Szamarzewskiego 89/AB, 60-568 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Frydrychowicz
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. A. Szamarzewskiego 89/AB, 60-568 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brown CC, Durtschi JA, Rosenkranz S, Yorgason J, Topham G, McPhee D. Attachment, Depression, and Health: A Longitudinal Analysis of Those with A Chronic Disease. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-022-09647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Prevalence and Sociodemographic Predictors of Mental Health in a Representative Sample of Young Adults from Germany, Israel, Poland, and Slovenia: A Longitudinal Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031334. [PMID: 35162364 PMCID: PMC8835083 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-national longitudinal study was to evaluate the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of mental health indicators (coronavirus-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and suicidal/self-harm ideation) during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a three-month period among representative samples of young adults from Germany, Israel, Poland, and Slovenia. The participants were 1724 young adults between 20 and 40 years of age (M = 30.74, SD = 5.74). The first measurement (T1) was in February 2021 and the second (T2) was in May–June 2021. The samples were representative of young adults in each country: Germany (n = 418, 24%), Israel (n = 428, 25%), Poland (n = 446, 26%), and Slovenia (n = 431, 25%). Women constituted 54% (n = 935) of the total sample. The mental health indicators were coronavirus-related PTSD measured by PCL-S, perceived stress (PSS-10), anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), and suicidal ideation (PHQ-9). The participants completed an online questionnaire that also included a physical activity (PA) measurement and sociodemographic variables. The Pearson’s χ2 independence test was used for prevalence comparisons and McNemar’s χ2 was used for longitudinal changes, whereas generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used for the predictors of change in mental health indices. Significant differences were found between countries in each mental health dimension in both T1 and T2, with moderate effect sizes for coronavirus-related PTSD and suicidal ideation. The highest rate of PTSD and depression risk was in Germany, the highest rates of stress and anxiety risk were in Poland, and there was insufficient PA in Slovenia. The anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation rates were the lowest in Israel and Slovenia. Israeli participants reported the lowest rate of coronavirus-related PTSD among the other countries in T1 and T2. Significant decreases in coronavirus-related PTSD and stress were observed during T2 compared to T1 in the total sample. There was no change in the risk of anxiety, depression, or suicidal ideation. Being single was a predictor of changes in all mental health indices. Having children was a risk factor for coronavirus-related PTSD and high stress. Being a student was a predictor of depression and suicidal ideation. A younger age (20–29 years) predicted coronavirus-related PTSD risk, whereas female gender predicted high stress. The mental health indices improved over time or remained stable. The groups that are most prone to mental health problems were single individuals, students, and parents in young adulthood across all countries. Future intervention programs for young adults should consider these factors when prioritizing, planning, and implementing such programs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin D, Hall BJ. Migration and health: Translation to action. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 13:487-490. [PMID: 34106512 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Brian J Hall
- New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, China.,School of Global Public Health, New York University, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lopez A, Caffò AO, Tinella L, Di Masi MN, Bosco A. Variations in mindfulness associated with the COVID-19 outbreak: Differential effects on cognitive failures, intrusive thoughts and rumination. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 13:761-780. [PMID: 33765354 PMCID: PMC8251010 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The lockdown due to the coronavirus outbreak in 2019 (COVID‐19) has caused psychological distress and cognitive discomfort for emerging adults, who have experienced increased rumination, intrusive thoughts and cognitive failures. States of mindfulness and being in the moment can prevent anxiety and fear associated with the lockdown and alleviate ruminative and automatic negative thinking. This longitudinal study investigated the role of mindfulness before and during the COVID‐19 lockdown in protecting a sample of emerging adults from experiencing cognitive failures, intrusive thoughts and rumination and examined how lockdown‐related variables—emotions, socio‐economic status and housing conditions—influenced this mindfulness profile. The results showed overall more cognitive failures and rumination during lockdown, especially in participants whose mindfulness status diminished. However, these signs of cognitive distress remained stable or decreased among participants who reported improved changes in mindfulness. Financial difficulties and a reduced sense of privacy associated with the lockdown predicted lower stability in mindfulness profiles. The state of being fully aware of what is happening in the present moment may be helpful in reducing cognitive discomfort and psychological maladjustment, especially during stressful times such as lockdowns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lopez
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Oronzo Caffò
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Tinella
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bosco
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|