TRISOMY 13-15

Congenital brain and facial anomalies in the D1 trisomy syndrome--report of a case and a review of literature--

On 58 cases of D1 trisomy, which were classified as those with seven separate D chromosomes, including the one in this report, congenital brain and facial anomalies were reviewed and discussed. Congenital brain defects in this syndrome might be classified into three groups: (I) grossly normal brain, (II) absence of olfactory bulbi and tracts, but normally-separated cerebral hemisphere, and (III) completely or incompletely uncleaved hemispheres with absence of olfactory bulbi and tracts. 25.9% of the cases were found in group I, 56.9% in group II, and 17.2% in group III, respectively. Although facial anomalies predicted the brain defects in group III, malformations of the face were not concerned with the brain defects in group I and II. There were no cases with both, normal brain and face.

The malformations of the urinary system in autosomal disorders

Data from the world literature about the pathology of the urinary system in autosomal chromosomal disorders are analyzed and compared with our own morphological investigations of this system in 63 cases of chromosomal disorders (Patau's, Edwards', Down's, Orbeli's, Wolf-Hirschhorn's syndromes, partial trisomy B and inversion of chromosome 2). The urinary system is most frequently involved in "cat-eye", triploidy, Orbeli's, Patau's and Edwards' syndromes. All known malformations of the urinary system are observed in children with chromosomal diseases, except infantile polycystic kidney and medullary "sponge" kidney. The authors recognize specific and nonspecific abnormalities of the urinary system. Nonspecific abnormalities, as simple renal dysgenesis, may be observed in all chromosomal disorders. Specific abnormalities are found only in certain chromosomal diseases. These malformations are an excess of embryonal lobulation of the kidney with the increase of its weight and cystic changes (Patau's syndrome), crossed renal ectopy with fusion and horseshoe kidney (Edwards' syndrome), unilateral renal agenesis (Orbeli's syndrome), hypospadia (Wolf-Hirschhorn's syndrome). A possible pathogenesis of malformations of the urinary system in chromosomal disorders is discussed.

[Ocular manifestations in diseases caused by aberrations in non-sexual chromosomes]

Images