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Galyamina MA, Sikamov KV, Urazaeva DR, Avshalumov AS, Mikhaylycheva MV, Pobeguts OV, Gorbachev AY. Correlation between the Colony Phenotype and Amino Acid Sequence of the Variable Vaa Antigen in Clinical Isolates of Mycoplasma hominis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 177:79-83. [PMID: 38960955 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
A new Mycoplasma hominis phenotype forming mini-colonies (MC) on agar and distinct from the phenotype forming typical colonies (TC) not only in size, but also in morphology, growth rate, and resistance to adverse factors, has been previously identified. In this study, the phenotype of colonies was determined and a comparative analysis of the amino acid sequence of the main variable antigen Vaa of the laboratory strain N-34 and seven clinical isolates of M. hominis was performed. It is demonstrated that the amino acid sequence of Vaa in clinical isolates forming TC (similar to the laboratory strain N-34) is entirely analogous to that of laboratory strain. Clinical isolates forming MC carry amino acid substitutions in the variable C-terminal region of Vaa, which can contribute to adhesion to eukaryotic cells and immune evasion. The connection between colony phenotype and amino acid sequence of Vaa is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Galyamina
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
| | - K V Sikamov
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - D R Urazaeva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Avshalumov
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Mikhaylycheva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Pobeguts
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Gorbachev
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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Xu S, Wang Z, Zhou H, Fu Y, Feng M, Cheng X. High Co-Infection Rate of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candidatus Mycoplasma Girerdii in Gansu Province, China. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060706. [PMID: 34200661 PMCID: PMC8227175 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) is a flagellated protist parasite that infects the human urogenital tract. The symbiotic relationship between Tv and Mycoplasma hominis has been reported. Recent studies have identified a new Mycoplasma strain, Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii (Ca. M. girerdii), present in the vaginal secretions of women and have shown that this strain may be related to trichomoniasis. Here, we evaluated the presence of Tv, M. hominis and Ca. M. girerdii in 312 clinical samples from adult women diagnosed with vaginitis in Zhangye, Gansu province, China. Among these samples, 94, 153, and 48 were Tv, M. hominis and Ca. M. girerdii positive, respectively. Moreover, Tv was highly frequent in 17–30-year-old women in this region. Forty samples (83.3%) positive for Ca. M. girerdii were also positive for Tv. Six Tv isolates were successfully cultured, including five isolates that showed symbiotic relationships with Mycoplasma. This is the first report to evaluate the genetic characteristics of Ca. M. girerdii in China and may therefore provide insights into the effects of Ca. M. girerdii on the reproductive health of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (S.X.); (Z.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical College of He Xi University, Zhangye 734000, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (S.X.); (Z.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (S.X.); (Z.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yongfeng Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (S.X.); (Z.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Meng Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (S.X.); (Z.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (X.C.); Tel.: +86-21-54237750 (M.F.); +86-21-54237359 (X.C.)
| | - Xunjia Cheng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (S.X.); (Z.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (X.C.); Tel.: +86-21-54237750 (M.F.); +86-21-54237359 (X.C.)
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Pereyre S, Bénard C, Brès C, Le Roy C, Mauxion JP, Rideau F, Sirand-Pugnet P, Henrich B, Bébéar C. Generation of Mycoplasma hominis gene-targeted mutants by targeting-induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING). BMC Genomics 2018; 19:525. [PMID: 29986648 PMCID: PMC6038183 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma hominis is a human urogenital pathogen involved in gynaecological, neonatal and extra-genital infections. However, no versatile genetic tools are currently available to study the pathogenicity of this bacterium. Targeting-Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) is a reverse-genetic method that combines point mutations induced by chemical mutagenesis with a DNA screening technique. We used ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) that introduces C-G to T-A transition mutations to generate a library of M. hominis mutants. As a proof of concept, mutagenized organisms were screened for mutations in two target genes previously associated with the mycoplasma pathogenicity, the vaa gene encoding an adhesin lipoprotein and the oppA gene encoding the main ectoATPase of the bacterium. The resulting mutants were evaluated using functional assays, an adhesion to HeLa cell assay for vaa-mutants and an ATPase activity test for oppA-mutants. RESULTS A 1200-clone library was generated by exposing M. hominis PG21 to 9 mg/mL EMS for 3 h. To identify mutants of interest, targeted gene fragments were amplified, heat-denatured, slowly reannealed and digested with the mismatch-specific endonuclease ENDO1. If multiple alleles were present in the PCR amplicons, these alleles formed heteroduplexes during reannealing that were specifically cleaved by ENDO1 at mismatching positions. A total of four vaa-mutants and two oppA-mutants harbouring missense mutations were obtained and fully sequenced. Zero to eight additional mutations were identified in the genomes of each mutant. The vaa-mutants were tested for adhesion to immobilized HeLa cells but their adhesion was not significantly different from the adhesion of M. hominis PG21. One of the two oppA-mutants that were tested for ATPase activity presented a higher affinity for its ATP substrate than the parental strain. CONCLUSION For the first time, we demonstrated that M. hominis gene-targeted mutants could be successfully obtained using this TILLING strategy. In the absence of robust genetic tools for studying M. hominis, the TILLING strategy that can target any gene of the genome could help to elucidate gene functions and to better understand the pathogenesis of this human pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pereyre
- USC-EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, University of Bordeaux, Campus Bordeaux Carreire, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
- USC-EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, INRA, Bordeaux, France
- Bacteriology department, French National Reference Center for bacterial STI, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C. Bénard
- USC-EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, University of Bordeaux, Campus Bordeaux Carreire, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
- USC-EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, INRA, Bordeaux, France
- Bacteriology department, French National Reference Center for bacterial STI, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C. Brès
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Genome-Transcriptome Facility, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | - C. Le Roy
- USC-EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, University of Bordeaux, Campus Bordeaux Carreire, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
- USC-EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, INRA, Bordeaux, France
| | - J. P. Mauxion
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Genome-Transcriptome Facility, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | - F. Rideau
- USC-EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, University of Bordeaux, Campus Bordeaux Carreire, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
- USC-EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, INRA, Bordeaux, France
| | - P. Sirand-Pugnet
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Genome-Transcriptome Facility, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | - B. Henrich
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C. Bébéar
- USC-EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, University of Bordeaux, Campus Bordeaux Carreire, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
- USC-EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, INRA, Bordeaux, France
- Bacteriology department, French National Reference Center for bacterial STI, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Pereyre S, Sirand-Pugnet P, Beven L, Charron A, Renaudin H, Barré A, Avenaud P, Jacob D, Couloux A, Barbe V, de Daruvar A, Blanchard A, Bébéar C. Life on arginine for Mycoplasma hominis: clues from its minimal genome and comparison with other human urogenital mycoplasmas. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000677. [PMID: 19816563 PMCID: PMC2751442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic human mycoplasma. Two other pathogenic human species, M. genitalium and Ureaplasma parvum, reside within the same natural niche as M. hominis: the urogenital tract. These three species have overlapping, but distinct, pathogenic roles. They have minimal genomes and, thus, reduced metabolic capabilities characterized by distinct energy-generating pathways. Analysis of the M. hominis PG21 genome sequence revealed that it is the second smallest genome among self-replicating free living organisms (665,445 bp, 537 coding sequences (CDSs)). Five clusters of genes were predicted to have undergone horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between M. hominis and the phylogenetically distant U. parvum species. We reconstructed M. hominis metabolic pathways from the predicted genes, with particular emphasis on energy-generating pathways. The Embden–Meyerhoff–Parnas pathway was incomplete, with a single enzyme absent. We identified the three proteins constituting the arginine dihydrolase pathway. This pathway was found essential to promote growth in vivo. The predicted presence of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase suggested that arginine catabolism is more complex than initially described. This enzyme may have been acquired by HGT from non-mollicute bacteria. Comparison of the three minimal mollicute genomes showed that 247 CDSs were common to all three genomes, whereas 220 CDSs were specific to M. hominis, 172 CDSs were specific to M. genitalium, and 280 CDSs were specific to U. parvum. Within these species-specific genes, two major sets of genes could be identified: one including genes involved in various energy-generating pathways, depending on the energy source used (glucose, urea, or arginine) and another involved in cytadherence and virulence. Therefore, a minimal mycoplasma cell, not including cytadherence and virulence-related genes, could be envisaged containing a core genome (247 genes), plus a set of genes required for providing energy. For M. hominis, this set would include 247+9 genes, resulting in a theoretical minimal genome of 256 genes. Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium, and Ureaplasma parvum are human pathogenic bacteria that colonize the urogenital tract. They have minimal genomes, and thus have a minimal metabolic capacity. However, they have distinct energy-generating pathways and distinct pathogenic roles. We compared the genomes of these three human pathogen minimal species, providing further insight into the composition of hypothetical minimal gene sets needed for life. To this end, we sequenced the whole M. hominis genome and reconstructed its energy-generating pathways from gene predictions. Its unusual major energy-producing pathway through arginine hydrolysis was confirmed in both genome analyses and in vivo assays. Our findings suggest that M. hominis and U. parvum underwent genetic exchange, probably while sharing a common host. We proposed a set of genes likely to represent a minimal genome. For M. hominis, this minimal genome, not including cytadherence and virulence-related genes, can be defined comprising the 247 genes shared by the three minimal genital mollicutes, combined with a set of nine genes needed for energy production for cell metabolism. This study provides insight for the synthesis of artificial genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pereyre
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie EA 3671, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascal Sirand-Pugnet
- INRA, UMR 1090, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1090, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laure Beven
- INRA, UMR 1090, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1090, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Alain Charron
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie EA 3671, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Renaudin
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie EA 3671, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Barré
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Avenaud
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie EA 3671, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Jacob
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Valérie Barbe
- Génoscope, Centre National de Séquençage, Evry, France
| | - Antoine de Daruvar
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5800, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique, Talence, France
| | - Alain Blanchard
- INRA, UMR 1090, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1090, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Bébéar
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie EA 3671, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
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