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Zhang X, Gu C, Wei Q, Cao Y, She W, Shi H, Xie Y, Guo J. Pre-S1 Mutations as Indicated by Serum Pre-S1 Antigen Negative is Associated with an Increased Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:599-609. [PMID: 37069959 PMCID: PMC10105577 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s373333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Pre-S1 antigen (pre-S1) is a component of hepatitis B virus large surface antigen (L-HBsAg). This study aimed to investigate the association between clinical pre-S1 antigen (pre-S1) status and adverse prognostic events in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods This study retrospectively enrolled 840 CHB patients with comprehensive clinical data, including 144 patients with multiple follow-up of pre-S1 status. All patients were tested for serum pre-S1 and divided into pre-S1 positive and negative groups. Single factor and logistic multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the association between pre-S1 and other HBV biomarkers with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in CHB patients. The pre-S1 region sequences of HBV DNA were obtained from one pre-S1 positive and two pre-S1 negative treatment-naïve patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by Sanger sequencing. Results The quantitative HBsAg level was significantly higher in the pre-S1 positive group than that in the pre-S1 negative group (Z=-15.983, P<0.001). The positive rate of pre-S1 increased significantly with the increase in HBsAg level (χ 2=317.963, P<0.001) and HBV DNA load (χ 2=15.745, P<0.001). The pre-S1 negative group had a higher HCC risk than the pre-S1 positive group (Z=-2.00, P=0.045, OR=1.61). Moreover, patients in the sustained pre-S1 negative group had a higher HCC risk (Z=-2.56, P=0.011, OR=7.12) than those in the sustained pre-S1 positive group. The sequencing results revealed mutations in the pre-S1 region from samples of pre-S1 negative patients, including frameshift and deletion mutations. Conclusion Pre-S1 is a biomarker that indicates the presence and replication of HBV. Pre-S1 sustained negativity attributed to pre-S1 mutations in CHB patients may be associated with a higher risk of HCC, which has clinical significance and warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenjian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yirong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weimin She
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
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Prange R. Hepatitis B virus movement through the hepatocyte: An update. Biol Cell 2022; 114:325-348. [PMID: 35984727 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that utilize cellular machinery for many aspects of their propagation and effective egress of virus particles from host cells is one important determinant of virus infectivity. Hijacking host cell processes applies in particular to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), as its DNA genome with about 3 kb in size is one of the smallest viral genomes known. HBV is a leading cause of liver disease and still displays one of the most successful pathogens in human populations worldwide. The extremely successful spread of this virus is explained by its efficient transmission strategies and its versatile particle types, including virions, empty envelopes, naked capsids and others. HBV exploits distinct host trafficking machineries to assemble and release its particle types including nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transport, secretory and exocytic pathways, the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport pathway, and the autophagy pathway. Understanding how HBV uses and subverts host membrane trafficking systems offers the chance of obtaining new mechanistic insights into the regulation and function of this essential cellular processes. It can also help to identify potential targets for antiviral interventions. Here, I will provide an overview of HBV maturation, assembly, and budding, with a focus on recent advances, and will point out areas where questions remain that can benefit from future studies. Unless otherwise indicated, almost all presented knowledge was gained from cell culture-based, HBV in vitro -replication and in vitro -infection systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhild Prange
- Department of Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz, Mainz, D-55131, Germany
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Philips CA, Ahamed R, Abduljaleel JK, Rajesh S, Augustine P. Critical Updates on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in 2021. Cureus 2021; 13:e19152. [PMID: 34733599 PMCID: PMC8557099 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global healthcare burden in the form of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. There is no definite cure for the virus and even though extensive vaccination programs have reduced the burden of liver disease in the future population, treatment options to eradicate the virus from the host are still lacking. In this review, we discuss in detail current updates on the structure and applied biology of the virus in the host, examine updates to current treatment and explore novel and state-of-the-art therapeutics in the pipeline for management of chronic HBV. Furthermore, we also specifically review clinical updates on HBV-related acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF). Current treatments for chronic HBV infection have seen important updates in the form of considerations for treating patients in the immune tolerant phase and some clarity on end points for treatment and decisions on finite therapy with nucleos(t)ide inhibitors. Ongoing cutting-edge research on HBV biology has helped us identify novel target areas in the life cycle of the virus for application of new therapeutics. Due to improvements in the area of genomics, the hope for therapeutic vaccines, vector-based treatments and focused management aimed at targeting host integration of the virus and thereby a total cure could become a reality in the near future. Newer clinical prognostic tools have improved our understanding of timing of specific treatment options for the catastrophic syndrome of ACLF secondary to reactivation of HBV. In this review, we discuss in detail pertinent updates regarding virus biology and novel therapeutic targets with special focus on the appraisal of prognostic scores and treatment options in HBV-related ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriac A Philips
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Rizwan Ahamed
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Jinsha K Abduljaleel
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Sasidharan Rajesh
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Philip Augustine
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
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Maepa MB, Bloom K, Ely A, Arbuthnot P. Hepatitis B virus: promising drug targets and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:451-466. [PMID: 33843412 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1915990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Current therapy for infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) rarely clears the virus, and viremia commonly resurges following treatment withdrawal. To prevent serious complications of the infection, research has been aimed at identifying new viral and host targets that can be exploited to inactivate HBV replication.Areas covered: This paper reviews the use of these new molecular targets to advance anti-HBV therapy. Emphasis is on appraising data from pre-clinical and early clinical studies described in journal articles published during the past 10 years and available from PubMed.Expert opinion: The wide range of viral and host factors that can be targeted to disable HBV is impressive and improved insight into HBV molecular biology continues to provide the basis for new drug design. In addition to candidate therapies that have direct or indirect actions on HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), compounds that inhibit HBsAg secretion, viral entry, destabilize viral RNA and effect enhanced immune responses to HBV show promise. Preclinical and clinical evaluation of drug candidates, as well as investigating use of treatment combinations, are encouraging. The field is poised at an interesting stage and indications are that reliably achieving functional cure from HBV infection is a tangible goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohube Betty Maepa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kristie Bloom
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Abdullah Ely
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Patrick Arbuthnot
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Sun H, Chang L, Yan Y, Wang L. Hepatitis B virus pre-S region: Clinical implications and applications. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31. [PMID: 33314434 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major threat to global public health, which can result in many acute and chronic liver diseases. HBV, a member of the family Hepadnaviridae, is a small enveloped DNA virus containing a circular genome of 3.2 kb. Located upstream of the S-open-reading frame of the HBV genome is the pre-S region, which is vital to the viral life cycle. The pre-S region has high variability and many mutations in the pre-S region are associated with several liver diseases, such as fulminant hepatitis (FH), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, the pre-S region has been applied in the development of several pre-S-based materials and systems to prevent or treat HBV infection. In conclusion, the pre-S region plays an essential role in the occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment of HBV-related liver diseases, which may provide a novel perspective for the study of HBV infection and relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Sun
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Le Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Intracellular Trafficking of HBV Particles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092023. [PMID: 32887393 PMCID: PMC7563130 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human hepatitis B virus (HBV), that is causative for more than 240 million cases of chronic liver inflammation (hepatitis), is an enveloped virus with a partially double-stranded DNA genome. After virion uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis, the viral nucleocapsid is transported towards the nuclear pore complex. In the nuclear basket, the nucleocapsid disassembles. The viral genome that is covalently linked to the viral polymerase, which harbors a bipartite NLS, is imported into the nucleus. Here, the partially double-stranded DNA genome is converted in a minichromosome-like structure, the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). The DNA virus HBV replicates via a pregenomic RNA (pgRNA)-intermediate that is reverse transcribed into DNA. HBV-infected cells release apart from the infectious viral parrticle two forms of non-infectious subviral particles (spheres and filaments), which are assembled by the surface proteins but lack any capsid and nucleic acid. In addition, naked capsids are released by HBV replicating cells. Infectious viral particles and filaments are released via multivesicular bodies; spheres are secreted by the classic constitutive secretory pathway. The release of naked capsids is still not fully understood, autophagosomal processes are discussed. This review describes intracellular trafficking pathways involved in virus entry, morphogenesis and release of (sub)viral particles.
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Jiang B, Wen X, Wu Q, Bender D, Carra G, Basic M, Kubesch A, Peiffer KH, Boller K, Hildt E. The N-Terminus Makes the Difference: Impact of Genotype-Specific Disparities in the N-Terminal Part of The Hepatitis B Virus Large Surface Protein on Morphogenesis of Viral and Subviral Particles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081898. [PMID: 32823751 PMCID: PMC7463600 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-terminus of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) large surface protein (LHB) differs with respect to genotypes. Compared to the amino terminus of genotype (Gt)D, in GtA, GtB and GtC, an additional identical 11 amino acids (aa) are found, while GtE and GtG share another similar 10 aa. Variants of GtB and GtC affecting this N-terminal part are associated with hepatoma formation. Deletion of these amino-terminal 11 aa in GtA reduces the amount of LHBs and changes subcellular accumulation (GtA-like pattern) to a dispersed distribution (GtD-like pattern). Vice versa, the fusion of the GtA-derived N-terminal 11 aa to GtD causes a GtA-like phenotype. However, insertion of the corresponding GtE-derived 10 aa to GtD has no effect. Deletion of these 11aa decreases filament size while neither the number of released viral genomes nor virion size and infectivity are affected. A negative regulatory element (aa 2–8) and a dominant positive regulatory element (aa 9–11) affecting the amount of LHBs were identified. The fusion of this motif to eGFP revealed that the effect on protein amount and subcellular distribution is not restricted to LHBs. These data identify a novel region in the N-terminus of LHBs affecting the amount and subcellular distribution of LHBs and identify release-promoting and -inhibiting aa residues within this motive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfu Jiang
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (B.J.); (X.W.); (Q.W.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (K.-H.P.)
| | - Xingjian Wen
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (B.J.); (X.W.); (Q.W.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (K.-H.P.)
| | - Qingyan Wu
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (B.J.); (X.W.); (Q.W.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (K.-H.P.)
| | - Daniela Bender
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (B.J.); (X.W.); (Q.W.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (K.-H.P.)
| | - Gert Carra
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (B.J.); (X.W.); (Q.W.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (K.-H.P.)
| | - Michael Basic
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (B.J.); (X.W.); (Q.W.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (K.-H.P.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, J. W. Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alica Kubesch
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (B.J.); (X.W.); (Q.W.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (K.-H.P.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, J. W. Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kai-Henrik Peiffer
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (B.J.); (X.W.); (Q.W.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (K.-H.P.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, J. W. Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Boller
- Department of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany;
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (B.J.); (X.W.); (Q.W.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (K.-H.P.)
- TTU Hepatitis, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +496103772140
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Abstract
LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Jiang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15381 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pasetto
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Gustaf Ahlén
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Matti Sällberg
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Jiang B, Peiffer KH, Hildt E. Editorial: HBV-the naked truth? Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 50:964-965. [PMID: 31591771 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingfu Jiang
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Kai-Henrik Peiffer
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
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