Wautier C, Gourmaud J, Dong C, Berthod G. Severe Colitis in 2 Patients with Melanoma Treated with BRAF/MEK Inhibitors: Case Report and Literature Review.
Case Rep Oncol 2024;
17:191-201. [PMID:
38312748 PMCID:
PMC10836952 DOI:
10.1159/000535741]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Encorafenib and binimetinib, a combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors, is a standard of care for patients with advanced BRAFV600-mutant melanoma. This combination is known to have gastrointestinal side effects, most of which are mild and managed symptomatically. However, very few studies have reported severe colitis.
Case Presentation
We report here 2 patients with advanced melanoma who developed severe ulcerated right colitis manifested by diarrhea and hematochezia while being treated with encorafenib and binimetinib after immune checkpoint therapy.
Conclusion
This rare but serious adverse event was not described in early phase 3 trials but has emerged in recent years, particularly with the sequential use of immune checkpoint inhibitors followed by BRAF/MEK inhibitors. In a comprehensive review of the existing literature, we identified 20 cases of severe colitis due to BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Clinical, endoscopic, and histological features are described to provide insight into the current understanding of this poorly understood clinical entity.
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