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Zong W, Zhao R, Wang X, Zhou C, Wang J, Chen C, Niu N, Zheng Y, Chen L, Liu X, Hou X, Zhao F, Wang L, Wang L, Song C, Zhang L. Population genetic analysis based on the polymorphisms mediated by transposons in the genomes of pig. DNA Res 2024; 31:dsae008. [PMID: 38447059 PMCID: PMC11090087 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) mobility is capable of generating a large number of structural variants (SVs), which can have considerable potential as molecular markers for genetic analysis and molecular breeding in livestock. Our results showed that the pig genome contains mainly TE-SVs generated by short interspersed nuclear elements (51,873/76.49%), followed by long interspersed nuclear elements (11,131/16.41%), and more than 84% of the common TE-SVs (Minor allele frequency, MAF > 0.10) were validated to be polymorphic. Subsequently, we utilized the identified TE-SVs to gain insights into the population structure, resulting in clear differentiation among the three pig groups and facilitating the identification of relationships within Chinese local pig breeds. In addition, we investigated the frequencies of TEs in the gene coding regions of different pig groups and annotated the respective TE types, related genes, and functional pathways. Through genome-wide comparisons of Large White pigs and Chinese local pigs utilizing the Beijing Black pigs, we identified TE-mediated SVs associated with quantitative trait loci and observed that they were mainly involved in carcass traits and meat quality traits. Lastly, we present the first documented evidence of TE transduction in the pig genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Runze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinbu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Cai Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Naiqi Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Fuping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ligang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Chengyi Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Longchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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Dos Santos JCR, Norenberg A, Correia B, Irgang R, Bianchi I, Moreira F, de Oliveira Júnior JM, Nörnberg JL, Peripolli V. Evaluation of different percentages of Duroc genes and gender on growth, carcass and meat quality traits for pigs. Meat Sci 2023; 205:109314. [PMID: 37607469 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different percentages of Duroc genes in crossbreeding (5, 50 and 100%), the gender (immunocastrated males - ICM and females) and their interaction was evaluated on growth, carcass and meat quality traits for pigs. Crossbreds (50% Duroc) had greater average daily feed intake, hot carcass weight and backfat thickness but lower meat yield when compared to 5% Duroc crossbreds and purebred (100% Duroc) animals (P < 0.05). Purebred (100% Duroc) animals had the lowest backfat thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness, and the greatest muscle depth and meat yield (P < 0.05). ICM animals had better feed conversion, greater average daily gain, hot carcass weight and amount of meat, and lower hot carcass yield, cold carcass weight, Longissimus thoracis depth, rib with belly and ham weights compared to females (P < 0.05). Marbling scores were greater in purebred (100%) animals (P < 0.05). The meat from 50% Duroc crossbreds and 100% Duroc purebred pigs was more reddish pink in color than 5% Duroc crossbreds (P < 0.05). Also, marbling scores were greater for females compared to ICM (P < 0.05). Purebred (100% Duroc) animals required more medications during production (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil; Empresa Pamplona Alimentos S/A, Rio do Sul, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriano Norenberg
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil; Empresa Pamplona Alimentos S/A, Rio do Sul, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna Correia
- Núcleo de Ensino, Extensão e Pesquisa em Produção Animal (NEPPA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Ivan Bianchi
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil; Núcleo de Ensino, Extensão e Pesquisa em Produção Animal (NEPPA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Moreira
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil; Núcleo de Ensino, Extensão e Pesquisa em Produção Animal (NEPPA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | - Juahil Martins de Oliveira Júnior
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil; Núcleo de Ensino, Extensão e Pesquisa em Produção Animal (NEPPA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Peripolli
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil; Núcleo de Ensino, Extensão e Pesquisa em Produção Animal (NEPPA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil.
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Chen Q, Zhang W, Xiao L, Sun Q, Wu F, Liu G, Wang Y, Pan Y, Wang Q, Zhang J. Multi-Omics Reveals the Effect of Crossbreeding on Some Precursors of Flavor and Nutritional Quality of Pork. Foods 2023; 12:3237. [PMID: 37685169 PMCID: PMC10486348 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, China has continuously introduced Duroc boars and used them as breeding boars. Although this crossbreeding method has increased pork production, it has affected pork quality. Nowadays, one of the primary goals of industrial breeding and production systems is to enhance the quality of meat. This research analyzed the molecular mechanisms that control the quality of pork and may be used as a guide for future efforts to enhance meat quality. The genetic mechanisms of cross-breeding for meat quality improvement were investigated by combining transcriptome and metabolome analysis, using Chinese native Jiaxing black (JXB) pigs and crossbred Duroc × Duroc × Berkshire × JXB (DDBJ) pigs. In the longissimus Dorsi muscle, the content of inosine monophosphate, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and amino acids were considerably higher in JXB pigs in contrast with that of DDBJ pigs, whereas DDBJ pigs have remarkably greater levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids than JXB pigs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites were identified using transcriptomic and metabolomic KEGG enrichment analyses. Differential metabolites mainly include amino acids, fatty acids, and phospholipids. In addition, several DEGs that may explain differences in meat quality between the two pig types were found, including genes associated with the metabolism of lipids (e.g., DGKA, LIPG, and LPINI), fatty acid (e.g., ELOVL5, ELOVL4, and ACAT2), and amino acid (e.g., SLC7A2, SLC7A4). Combined with the DEGS-enriched signaling pathways, the regulatory mechanisms related to amino acids, fatty acids, and phospholipids were mapped. The abundant metabolic pathways and DEGs may provide insight into the specific molecular mechanism that regulates meat quality. Optimizing the composition of fatty acids, phospholipids, amino acids, and other compounds in pork is conducive to improving meat quality. Overall, these findings will provide useful information and further groundwork for enhancing the meat quality that may be achieved via hybrid breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Lixia Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Fen Wu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314317, China;
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China;
| | - Yuchun Pan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qishan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
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4
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Li C, Zhao X, Zhao G, Xue H, Wang Y, Ren Y, Li J, Wang H, Wang J, Song Q. Comparative Analysis of Structural Composition and Function of Intestinal Microbiota between Chinese Indigenous Laiwu Pigs and Commercial DLY Pigs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:524. [PMID: 37624311 PMCID: PMC10458769 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota has an important impact on pig phenotypes. Previous studies mainly focused on the microbiota of feces and worldwide farmed commercial pigs, while research on the microbiota of various intestinal sections and indigenous pig breeds is very limited. This study aimed to characterize and compare the biogeography of intestinal microbiota in pigs of one Chinese indigenous breed and one commercial crossbred. In this study, we sequenced the microbiota of six intestinal segments in the grown-up pigs of a Chinese indigenous breed, Laiwu pigs, and the worldwide farmed crossbred Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs by 16S rRNA sequencing, characterized the biogeography of intestinal microbiota, and compared the compositional and functional differences between the two breeds. The results showed that there were obvious differences in microbial structure and abundance between the small and large intestines. Laiwu pigs had higher large intestinal diversity than DLY pigs, while DLY pigs had higher small intestinal diversity than Laiwu pigs. Moreover, some specific bacterial taxa and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were found to be related to the high fat deposition and good meat quality of Laiwu pigs and the high growth speed and lean meat rate of DLY pigs. This study provides an insight into the shifts in taxonomic composition, microbial diversity, and functional profile of intestinal microbiota in six intestinal segments of Laiwu and DLY pigs, which would be essential for exploring the potential influence of the host's genetic background on variation in microbiota composition and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China;
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guisheng Zhao
- Jinan Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Jinan Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingxuan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huaizhong Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiying Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qinye Song
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China;
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Li J, Hu Y, Li J, Wang H, Wu H, Zhao C, Tan T, Zhang L, Zhu D, Liu X, Li N, Hu X. Loss of MuRF1 in Duroc pigs promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:153-167. [PMID: 37071377 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Muscle mass development depends on increased protein synthesis and reduced muscle protein degradation. Muscle ring-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) plays a key role in controlling muscle atrophy. Its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity recognizes and degrades skeletal muscle proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The loss of Murf1, which encodes MuRF1, in mice leads to the accumulation of skeletal muscle proteins and alleviation of muscle atrophy. However, the function of Murf1 in agricultural animals remains unclear. Herein, we bred F1 generation Murf1+/- and F2 generation Murf1-/- Duroc pigs from F0 Murf1-/- pigs to investigate the effect of Murf1 knockout on skeletal muscle development. We found that the Murf1+/- pigs retained normal levels of muscle growth and reproduction, and their percentage of lean meat increased by 6% compared to that of the wild type (WT) pigs. Furthermore, the meat color, pH, water-holding capacity, and tenderness of the Murf1+/- pigs were similar to those of the WT pigs. The drip loss rate and intramuscular fat decreased slightly in the Murf1+/- pigs. However, the cross-sectional area of the myofibers in the longissimus dorsi increased in the adult Murf1+/- pigs. The skeletal muscle proteins MYBPC3 and actin, which are targeted by MuRF1, accumulated in the Murf1+/- and Murf1-/- pigs. Our findings show that inhibiting muscle protein degradation in MuRF1-deficient Duroc pigs increases the size of their myofibers and their percentage of lean meat without influencing their growth or pork quality. Our study demonstrates that Murf1 is a target gene for promoting skeletal muscle hypertrophy in pig breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Di Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, He Y, Ran J, Huang Y, Li X, Jiang H, Li X, Pan Y, Zhao S, Song C, Pan H, Hu H. Comparison of meat quality and glycolysis potential of two hybrid pigs in three-way hybrid model. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1136485. [PMID: 36875993 PMCID: PMC9981941 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1136485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of consumers' requirements for pork quality, the method of crossbreeding with excellent local pig breeds to improve meat quality is popular. Saba pig has high reproduction rate, good meat quality and high utilization rate of roughage, but its excellent characteristics have not been fully developed and utilized. To promote the development and utilization of Saba pigs and production of high-quality pork, the meat quality traits and glycolysis potential of Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY), Berkshire × (Duroc × Saba) (BDS), and Duroc × (Berkshire × Saba) (DBS) three-way crossbred pigs were compared. The results showed that DLY had the highest live weight, carcass weight, lean meat percentage, drip loss, glycolysis potential, muscle diameter, and relative mRNA expression levels of type IIb muscle fibers as well as the lowest ultimate pH (p < 0.05). The lightness value of DBS was the highest (p < 0.05). Among the three crossbred pigs, myristic, arachidic, palmitoleic, and eicosenoic acids were the highest in BDS. These results indicated that the carcass traits of local crossbred pigs were worse than those of DLY pigs, but meat quality was markedly higher, with BDS showing the best meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinming Ran
- College of Modern Agriculture, Dazhou Vocational and Technical College, Dazhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xian Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hengxin Jiang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yangsu Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sumei Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunlian Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongbin Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Effects of Sheep Sires on Muscle Fiber Characteristics, Fatty Acid Composition and Volatile Flavor Compounds in F 1 Crossbred Lambs. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244076. [PMID: 36553818 PMCID: PMC9778286 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crossbreeding significantly improves meat production performance in sheep; however, whether hybridization changes the meat quality characteristics of lambs is uncertain. We analyzed the effects of three different hybrid sires on muscle fiber characteristics (MFCs), fatty acid composition (FAC), and volatile flavor compounds (VFCs) in lambs under identical feeding conditions. Compared with those of purebred lambs, the muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional areas of the crossbred lambs were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and the collagen fiber content was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The numbers and area ratios of the fast and slow muscle fibers did not significantly differ between the purebred and crossbred lambs, but the expressions of four MyHC gene types differed significantly (p < 0.05). Twenty-three fatty acids were identified in both the purebred and crossbred lambs, of which thirteen were differentially expressed (p < 0.05). Saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents in the crossbred lambs were significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas the monounsaturated fatty acid content was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Polyunsaturated fatty acid/SFA and n-6/n-3 ratios were significantly lower in the crossbred lambs than in the purebred lambs (p < 0.05). Twenty-five VFCs were identified among the three hybrids, and aldehydes were the main VFCs. Eleven VFCs were differentially expressed in the crossbred lambs (p < 0.05). Hybrid sires affected the MFCs, FAC, and VFCs of the F1 lambs, thus providing a reference for high-quality mutton production.
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Zhu C, Yang J, Nie X, Wu Q, Wang L, Jiang Z. Influences of Dietary Vitamin E, Selenium-Enriched Yeast, and Soy Isoflavone Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Gut Microbiota in Finishing Pigs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081510. [PMID: 36009229 PMCID: PMC9405041 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary compound antioxidants on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, carcass traits, meat quality, and gut microbiota in finishing pigs. A total of 36 barrows were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 6 replicates. The pigs were fed with a basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg vitamin E, 0.3 mg/kg selenium-enriched yeast, and 20 mg/kg soy isoflavone. Dietary compound antioxidants decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) at d 14−28 in finishing pigs (p < 0.05). The plasma total protein, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were decreased while the plasma glutathione (GSH) to glutathione oxidized (GSSG) ratio (GSH/GSSG) was increased by compound antioxidants (p < 0.05). Dietary compound antioxidants increased loin area and b* value at 45 min, decreased backfat thickness at last rib, and drip loss at 48 h (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of colonic Peptococcus at the genus level was increased and ileal Turicibacter_sp_H121 abundance at the species level was decreased by dietary compound antioxidants. Spearman analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the relative abundance of colonic Peptococcus and plasma MDA concentration and meat drip loss at 48 h. Collectively, dietary supplementation with compound antioxidants of vitamin E, selenium-enrich yeast, and soy isoflavone could improve feed efficiency and antioxidant capacity, and modify the backfat thickness and meat quality through modulation of the gut microbiota community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (C.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.N.)
| | - Jingsen Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (C.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.N.)
| | - Xiaoyan Nie
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (C.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.N.)
| | - Qiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (Z.J.)
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Soares MH, de Amorim Rodrigues G, Júnior DTV, da Silva CB, Costa TC, de Souza Duarte M, Saraiva A. Performance, Carcass Traits, Pork Quality and Expression of Genes Related to Intramuscular Fat Metabolism of Two Diverse Genetic Lines of Pigs. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152280. [PMID: 35954050 PMCID: PMC9368243 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the performance, carcass and pork quality traits, as well as the mRNA expression of genes related to intramuscular fat deposition in female pigs from different genetic lines. A total of eighteen female pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc × Pietrain) × (Large White × Landrace) (Hybrid) averaging 88.96 ± 3.44 kg in body weight and twelve female pigs (Duroc) × (Large White × Landrace) (Duroc) averaging 85.63 ± 1.55 kg in body weight were assigned to a completely randomized design experimental trial that lasted 45 days. Pigs from both genetic lines received the same diet, which was initially adjusted for their nutritional requirements from 0 to 17 days of age and subsequently adjusted for nutritional requirements from 17 to 45 days of age. The performance of pigs did not differ among groups (p > 0.05). Duroc pigs showed a lower backfat thickness (p < 0.03) and greater intramuscular fat content (p < 0.1). A greater mRNA expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene (PPARγ, p = 0.008) and fatty acid protein translocase/cluster differentiation (FAT/CD36, p = 0.002) was observed in the Longissimus dorsi muscle of Duroc pigs. Similarly, a greater expression of PPARγ (p = 0.009) and FAT/CD36 (p = 0.02) was observed in the Soleus muscle of Duroc pigs. Overall, we observed that despite the lack of differences in performance between the genetic groups, Duroc pigs had greater intramuscular fat content than hybrid pigs. The increased intramuscular fat content was associated with an increase in the mRNA expression of key transcriptional factors and genes encoding enzymes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in glycolytic and oxidative skeletal muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Henrique Soares
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (M.H.S.); (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (C.B.d.S.); (T.C.C.); (A.S.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Amorim Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (M.H.S.); (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (C.B.d.S.); (T.C.C.); (A.S.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (M.H.S.); (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (C.B.d.S.); (T.C.C.); (A.S.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brito da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (M.H.S.); (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (C.B.d.S.); (T.C.C.); (A.S.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Thaís Correia Costa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (M.H.S.); (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (C.B.d.S.); (T.C.C.); (A.S.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio de Souza Duarte
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G-2W1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Alysson Saraiva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (M.H.S.); (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (C.B.d.S.); (T.C.C.); (A.S.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
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10
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Zhuang X, Lin Z, Xie F, Luo J, Chen T, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Sun J. Identification of circRNA-associated ceRNA networks using longissimus thoracis of pigs of different breeds and growth stages. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:294. [PMID: 35410129 PMCID: PMC9004053 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term artificial selection for growth rate and lean meat rate has eventually led to meat quality deterioration. Muscle fiber type is a key factor that markedly affects meat quality. circRNAs have been reported to participate in diverse biological activities, including myofiber growth and development; thus, we herein compared porcine circRNA transcriptome between oxidative and glycolytic muscle tissues. Results Longissimus thoracis muscle tissues were obtained from Lantang and Landrace pigs at birth (LT1D and LW1D, respectively) and 90 postnatal days (LT90D and LW90D, respectively). Hematoxylin and eosin staining and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that all structural traits of the muscle showed large variations between different breeds and growth stages. In total, 329 known miRNAs and 42,081 transcript candidates were identified; 6,962 differentially expressed transcripts were found to play a key role in myogenesis by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. In addition, 3,352 circRNAs were identified using five predicting algorithms, and 104 circRNA candidates were differentially expressed. Integrated analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs, mRNAs, and circRNAs led to the identification of 777, 855, and 22 convincing ceRNA interactions in LT1D vs. LT90D, LW1D vs. LW90D, and LT90D vs. LW90D, respectively. Finally, we identified a circRNA candidate circKANSL1L, which showed high homology between mice and pigs, and it was found to inhibit the proliferation of C2C12 cells but promote their differentiation. Conclusions We identified genome-wide circRNAs in 0- and 90-day-old Lantang and Landrace pigs by RNA-seq and found that circRNAs were abundant, differentially expressed, and associated with myogenesis. Our results should serve as a reference for future studies on pork quality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08515-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zekun Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Yang W, Liu Z, Zhao Q, Du H, Yu J, Wang H, Liu X, Liu H, Jing X, Yang H, Shi G, Zhou L, Liu J. Population Genetic Structure and Selection Signature Analysis of Beijing Black Pig. Front Genet 2022; 13:860669. [PMID: 35401688 PMCID: PMC8987279 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.860669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Beijing Black pig is an excellent cultivated black pig breed in China, with desirable body shape, tender meat quality and robust disease resistance. To explore the level of admixture and selection signatures of Beijing Black pigs, a total number of 90 individuals covering nine pig breeds were used in our study, including Beijing Black pig, Large White, Landrace, Duroc, Lantang pig, Luchuan pig, Mashen pig, Huainan pig and Min pig. These animals were resequenced with 18.19 folds mapped read depth on average. Generally, we found that Beijing Black pig was genetically closer to commercial pig breeds by population genetic structure and genetic diversity analysis, and was also affected by Chinese domestic breeds Huainan pig and Min pig. These results are consistent with the cross-breeding history of Beijing Black pig. Selection signal detections were performed on three pig breeds, Beijing Black pig, Duroc and Large White, using three complementary methods (FST, θπ, and XP-EHH). In total, 1,167 significant selected regions and 392 candidate genes were identified. Functional annotations were enriched to pathways related to immune processes and meat and lipid metabolism. Finally, potential candidate genes, influencing meat quality (GPHA2, EHD1, HNF1A, C12orf43, GLTP, TRPV4, MVK, and MMAB), reproduction (PPP2R5B and MAP9), and disease resistance (OASL, ANKRD13A, and GIT2), were further detected by gene annotation analysis. Our results advanced the understanding of the genetic mechanism behind artificial selection of Beijing Black pigs, and provided theoretical basis for the subsequent breeding and genetic research of this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Beijing Heiliu Stockbreeding Technology Co.,Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xiance Liu
- Beijing Heiliu Stockbreeding Technology Co.,Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Beijing Heiliu Stockbreeding Technology Co.,Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xitao Jing
- Beijing Heiliu Stockbreeding Technology Co.,Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping Yang
- Beijing Heiliu Stockbreeding Technology Co.,Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Shi
- Beijing Heiliu Stockbreeding Technology Co.,Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhou, ; Jianfeng Liu,
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhou, ; Jianfeng Liu,
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12
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ZHANG X, ZHANG J, WANG J, ZHAO C, DU C, SHI K. Association of SIRT5 gene expression with meat quality traits in F1 generation of wild boar × kele pig. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.87321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong ZHANG
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, China
| | - Jing ZHANG
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, China
| | - Jing WANG
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, China
| | - Chunping ZHAO
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, China
| | - Chunlin DU
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, China
| | - Kaizhi SHI
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, China
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13
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Effects of dietary yeast culture supplementation on the meat quality and antioxidant capacity of geese. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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Burtseva S, Khripunova L, Yashkin A, Pautova L, Chebakov S. Productive and biological features of breeding Irish pigs of various genotypes in Western Siberia. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213700123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work studies the productive and biological characteristics of breeding Irish pigs of different genotypes in the conditions of Western Siberia. Pure-bred selection of Large White pigs (WP) was used in the first control group and intra-breed selection of Landrace pigs (LP) was used in the second control group. The following patterns of interbreeding were used in the experimental groups: ♀WP × ♂LP (third group), ♀LP × ♂WP (fourth group). In terms of reproductive qualities, the best combination should be considered the selection of ♀WP × ♂LP, in which 8.1% (p <0.05) more piglets were obtained at 30 days, with a 10.0% (p <0.05) higher weight of the nest at 30 days and 3.6% (p <0.05) greater safety than in the first control group. The combination of breeds according to the ♀LP × ♂WP scheme contributed to an increase in the average daily 13.7% (p <0.05) gain in live weight of the resulting offspring. At the age of 4 months, piglets of the LP × WP genotype had a 10.9% (p <0.05) higher content of total protein in the blood serum than in animals of the Large White breed. The muscle tissue of Large White pigs was characterized by a 5.2% (p <0.05) higher moisture binding capacity in relation to Landrace pigs. The melting point of fatty tissue was lower in Large White pigs by 14.3% (p <0.05). The fatty tissue of LP × WP hybrids has a 10.0% higher melting point (p <0.05) in contrast to Large White pigs.
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15
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Kim JA, Cho ES, Jeong YD, Choi YH, Kim YS, Choi JW, Kim JS, Jang A, Hong JK, Sa SJ. The effects of breed and gender on meat quality of Duroc, Pietrain, and their crossbred. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:409-419. [PMID: 32568265 PMCID: PMC7288231 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.3.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of breed and gender in Duroc (D), Pietrain (P),
and crossbred (DP) pigs. Loin samples were collected from D (n = 79), P (n =
42), and DP (n = 45) pigs. Intramuscular fat content was significantly lower in
P (p < 0.001), and pH was lowest in DP pigs
(p < 0.001). Gilts had higher intramuscular fat
(IMF) and pH values than did castrated males (p < 0.05).
Water-holding capacity was lower in DP pigs than that in D and P pigs
(p < 0.001). Shear force in DP pigs was higher than
that in D and P pigs (p < 0.001). Lightness and
yellowness of meat in DP pigs was increased compared with coloring of P pig meat
(p < 0.01). Meat from DP pigs was redder compared
with meat from in D and P pigs, and it was higher in gilts than in castrates
(p < 0.001). The C16:0 content was lower in P and DP
pigs than in D pigs (p < 0.01). C18:2 content was higher
in P and DP pigs than in D pigs (p < 0.001). Unsaturated
and saturated fatty acids increased in P pigs compared with levels in D pigs
(p < 0.05). Our results suggest that meat quality
can be controlled by crossbreeding to increase or reduce selected properties.
This study provides the basic data on the meat characteristics of F1 DP pigs.
Thus, further study should be conducted to estimate the meat quality of various
crossbreeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong A Kim
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Cho
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Yong Dae Jeong
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Young Sin Kim
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Aera Jang
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Joon Ki Hong
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Sa
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
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Portuguese Local Pig Breeds: Genotype Effects on Meat and Fat Quality Traits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050905. [PMID: 32456067 PMCID: PMC7278411 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Local breeds are generally associated with slower growth rates, higher slaughter weights, and fatter carcasses due to genetic and rearing system characteristics. When compared to intensive pig production systems, those based on European local breeds generally provide a more favourable response to the required increase in the production of high-quality pork and pork products in sustainable chains, meeting consumer demands. Reducing costs and improving the economic viability of production systems while preserving the quality of the products obtained is of vital importance. In this work, we propose that Portuguese local pig production chains could improve their performance and productivity without compromising the quality of the final product by crossing local breeds instead of crossing with modern breeds. This could help to maintain or increase local breed populations, supporting conservation of animal biodiversity. Abstract This work investigated the contribution of cross-breeding between two local Portuguese pig breeds to the conservation of animal biodiversity and income of local pig producers. Quality traits of semimembranosus (SM), gluteus medius (GM) and dorsal subcutaneous fat (DSF) were studied in Alentejano (AL), Bísaro (BI), AL × BI, and BI × AL (Ribatejano—RI) castrated male pigs. Pigs were reared outdoors, fed ad libitum, and slaughtered at ~65 (trial 1) and 150 kg BW (trial 2). In trial 1, AL pigs showed higher SM intramuscular fat, lower total collagen, and higher soluble collagen than BI pigs, while AL × BI and BI × AL pigs showed intermediate (NS) values. AL, AL × BI, and BI × AL pigs showed higher SM myoglobin content, and AL a more intense red colour than BI pigs. Finally, AL, AL × BI, and BI × AL showed higher total lipids in DSF than BI pigs. In trial 2, SM and DSF results were similar to those obtained in trial 1. In GM, AL and BI × AL showed higher intramuscular fat than BI and AL × BI pigs, while AL, AL × BI and BI × AL showed lower total collagen content than BI pigs. In conclusion, these results suggest that RI crosses are a productive alternative, with overall muscle and DSF traits statistically not different between AL × BI and BI × AL, and similar to those observed in AL pigs.
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Lin Y, Tang Q, Li Y, He M, Jin L, Ma J, Wang X, Long K, Huang Z, Li X, Gu Y, Li M. Genomic analyses provide insights into breed-of-origin effects from purebreds on three-way crossbred pigs. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8009. [PMID: 31737448 PMCID: PMC6855203 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crossbreeding is widely used aimed at improving crossbred performance for poultry and livestock. Alleles that are specific to different purebreds will yield a large number of heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in crossbred individuals, which are supposed to have the power to alter gene function or regulate gene expression. For pork production, a classic three-way crossbreeding system of Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY) is generally used to produce terminal crossbred pigs with stable and prominent performance. Nonetheless, little is known about the breed-of-origin effects from purebreds on DLY pigs. In this study, we first estimated the distribution of heterozygous SNPs in three kinds of three-way crossbred pigs via whole genome sequencing data originated from three purebreds. The result suggested that DLY is a more effective strategy for three-way crossbreeding as it could yield more stably inherited heterozygous SNPs. We then sequenced a DLY pig family and identified 95, 79, 132 and 42 allele-specific expression (ASE) genes in adipose, heart, liver and skeletal muscle, respectively. Principal component analysis and unrestricted clustering analyses revealed the tissue-specific pattern of ASE genes, indicating the potential roles of ASE genes for development of DLY pigs. In summary, our findings provided a lot of candidate SNP markers and ASE genes for DLY three-way crossbreeding system, which may be valuable for pig breeding and production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengnan He
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keren Long
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiren Gu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Post-cervical artificial insemination in porcine: The technique that came to stay. Theriogenology 2019; 129:37-45. [PMID: 30797138 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The porcine industry is of great importance worldwide, and so any technological innovation in one or more of the associated production areas is of interest for meat production. Among such innovations in the reproduction area, post-cervical or intrauterine artificial insemination (PCAI) has emerged as a new approach in artificial insemination (AI). PCAI is gradually replacing traditional cervical insemination (CAI), particularly in countries with intensive pig production industries. This type of insemination, which deposits the semen in the body of the uterus (as opposed to traditional cervical deposition), is increasingly used in the field due to its simplicity and the numerous advantages that it provides at production level (e.g. reduced number of sperm, less time required to perform insemination and faster genetic improvement) and, consequently, from an economic point of view. In addition, since its inception, PCAI has been combined with other reproductive biotechnologies, such as the use of frozen-thawed sperm, fixed-time AI or sperm-mediated gene transfer. However, despite its wide acceptance and application, new approaches for increasing the efficiency of PCAI are constantly being sought, such as the adjustment and standardization in sperm numbers, the conservation of the PCAI semen dose, its association with other biotechnologies (sex-sorted sperm) or its efficacy in young (nulliparous and primiparous) females.
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