1
|
Firmino SS, Lima PDO, de Oliveira PVC, Souza JT, de Araújo TLAC, Pereira MWF, de Macedo MF, Leite HMDS, Veríssimo VMS, Pimentel FCDS, de Lima Júnior DM. Effects of refused melon fruit in Canarana grass ensilage on intake, digestibility, serum biochemistry, performance, carcass characteristics and meat attributes of feedlot lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:153. [PMID: 38717731 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Ensilage of refused fruit with forage is a viable approach to increase resource use in ruminant feed. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of ensiling refused melon fruit (RMF) with Canarana grass on the intake, apparent digestibility, serum biochemistry, performance, carcass traits, and meat attributes of feedlot lambs. Four distinct silage treatment types were prepared by ensiling RMF at 0 g/kg (control), 70 g/kg, 140 g/kg, and 210 g/kg (as fed) with Canarana grass. Twenty-eight male Santa Inês lambs (7 lambs per treatment), initially weighing 22.3 ± 1.0 kg at 120 days of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design and confined for a total of 96 days, including a 23-day adaptation period and 73 experimental days in a feedlot. The lambs received the treatment-silage in diets as a complete mixture with a roughage: concentrate ratio of 30:70. The inclusion of RMF in Canarana grass ensilage decreased (P < 0.05) the lambs' intake of dry matter, crude protein and metabolisable energy. The inclusion of RMF in ensilage had a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on the digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrates. The serum total protein and cholesterol levels decreased (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of RMF in the ensilage, but we observed no effect on the final weight and average daily gain of the lambs. The feed efficiency increased (P < 0.05) by including RMF in the Canarana grass ensilage. The RMF in the ensilage did not influence cold carcass weight and yield. The fat content of the meat decreased (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of RMF in the ensilage. It is recommended the inclusion of up to 210 g/kg of RMF in Canarana grass ensilage to increase feed efficiency and avoid impacts on the performance and carcass attributes of confined lambs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salenilda Soares Firmino
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Francisco Mota Street, Costa e Silva, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Oliveira Lima
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Francisco Mota Street, Costa e Silva, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | - Joice Texeira Souza
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Francisco Mota Street, Costa e Silva, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michelly Fernandes de Macedo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Francisco Mota Street, Costa e Silva, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Hélia Maria de Souza Leite
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Francisco Mota Street, Costa e Silva, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Valdeir Mario Silva Veríssimo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Francisco Mota Street, Costa e Silva, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | - Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Francisco Mota Street, Costa e Silva, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Micro- and Macro-Algae Combination as a Novel Alternative Ruminant Feed with Methane-Mitigation Potential. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050796. [PMID: 36899652 PMCID: PMC10000192 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to provide alternative high-quality feed and to reduce methane production using a mixture of the minimum effective levels of Euglena gracilis, EG, and Asparagopsis taxiformis, AT. This study was performed as a 24 h in vitro batch culture. Chemical analysis demonstrated that EG is a highly nutritive material with 26.1% protein and 17.7% fat. The results showed that the supplementation of AT as a feed additive at 1 and 2.5% of the diet reduced methane production by 21 and 80%, respectively, while the inclusion of EG in the diet at 10 and 25% through partially replacing the concentrate mixture reduced methane production by 4 and 11%, respectively, with no adverse effects on fermentation parameters. The mixtures of AT 1% with both EG 10% and EG 25% had a greater reductive potential than the individual supplementation of these algae in decreasing methane yield by 29.9% and 40.0%, respectively, without adverse impacts on ruminal fermentation characteristics. These results revealed that the new feed formulation had a synergistic effect in reducing methane emissions. Thus, this approach could provide a new strategy for a sustainable animal production industry.
Collapse
|
3
|
Keller RJ, Porter W, Goli K, Rosenthal R, Butler N, Jones JA. Biologically-Based and Physiochemical Life Support and In Situ Resource Utilization for Exploration of the Solar System-Reviewing the Current State and Defining Future Development Needs. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:844. [PMID: 34440588 PMCID: PMC8398003 DOI: 10.3390/life11080844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The future of long-duration spaceflight missions will place our vehicles and crew outside of the comfort of low-Earth orbit. Luxuries of quick resupply and frequent crew changes will not be available. Future missions will have to be adapted to low resource environments and be suited to use resources at their destinations to complete the latter parts of the mission. This includes the production of food, oxygen, and return fuel for human flight. In this chapter, we performed a review of the current literature, and offer a vision for the implementation of cyanobacteria-based bio-regenerative life support systems and in situ resource utilization during long duration expeditions, using the Moon and Mars for examples. Much work has been done to understand the nutritional benefits of cyanobacteria and their ability to survive in extreme environments like what is expected on other celestial objects. Fuel production is still in its infancy, but cyanobacterial production of methane is a promising front. In this chapter, we put forth a vision of a three-stage reactor system for regolith processing, nutritional and atmospheric production, and biofuel production as well as diving into what that system will look like during flight and a discussion on containment considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Keller
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (W.P.); (K.G.); (R.R.); (N.B.); (J.A.J.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan Y, Wang Y, Lou S, Wanapat M, Wang Z, Zhu W, Hou F. Selenium supplementation improves nutrient intake and digestibility, and mitigates CH 4 emissions from sheep grazed on the mixed pasture of alfalfa and tall fescue. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:611-620. [PMID: 33452731 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low selenium (Se) in soil and forage can adversely affect on the quality of animal-derived foods, and hence on human health. Lambs grazed on mixed pastures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) were supplemented with five levels of Se [0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 µg/kg body weight (BW)]. The intake of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) varied with the level of Se supplementation, with a peak at 6 µg Se per kg BW (p ≤ 0.05). Gross energy (GE) intake, digestive energy (DE) intake and metabolic energy (ME) intake were higher at 6 µg Se per kg BW than at other Se levels (p < 0.01); in addition, methane energy (CH4 -E) output was lower at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Supplementation with Se significantly increased nitrogen (N) intake, faecal N and urine N, for which the peak values were 20.2 g N/, 5.62 g N/day and 7.92 g N/day, respectively, at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Se intake, blood Se, faecal Se, urine Se and retained Se were negatively correlated with forage crude protein (CP) content (p < 0.001) but were positively correlated with the content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (p < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (p < 0.001). Thus, we recommend the addition of 6 µg Se per kg BW to sheep grazed on pastures in regions with low soil Se.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shanning Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Harada R, Nomura T, Yamada K, Mochida K, Suzuki K. Genetic Engineering Strategies for Euglena gracilis and Its Industrial Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:790. [PMID: 32760709 PMCID: PMC7371780 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainable development goals (SDGs) adopted at the 2015 United Nations Summit are globally applicable goals designed to help countries realize a sustainable future. To achieve these SDGs, it is necessary to utilize renewable biological resources. In recent years, bioeconomy has been an attractive concept for achieving the SDGs. Microalgae are one of the biological resources that show promise in realizing the "5F"s (food, fiber, feed, fertilizer, and fuel). Among the microalgae, Euglena gracilis has the potential for achieving the "5F"s strategy owing to its unique features, such as production of paramylon, that are lacking in other microalgae. E. gracilis has already been produced on an industrial scale for use as an ingredient in functional foods and cosmetics. In recent years, genetic engineering methods for breeding E. gracilis have been researched and developed to achieve higher yields. In this article, we summarize how microalgae contribute toward achieving the SDGs. We focus on the contribution of E. gracilis to the bioeconomy, including its advantages in industrial use as well as its unique characteristics. In addition, we review genetic engineering-related research trends centered on E. gracilis, including a complete nuclear genome determination project, genome editing technology using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, and the development of a screening method for selecting useful strains. In particular, genome editing in E. gracilis could be a breakthrough for molecular breeding of industrially useful strains because of its high efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Harada
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Nomura
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- Euglena Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- Euglena Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kamiya M, Yamada T, Higuchi M. Influence of dietary crude protein content on fattening performance and nitrogen excretion of Holstein steers. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13438. [PMID: 32761765 PMCID: PMC7507128 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the influence of crude protein (CP) content in a fattening diet on feed intake, body weight gain, nitrogen excretion, and carcass traits in Holstein steers. Steers (initial body weight 241 ± 26 kg) consumed feed with the following CP content: (a) 17.7% during the early period (from 7 to 10 months of age) and 13.9% during the late period (from 11 to 18 months of age) (HIGH, n = 3), and (b) 16.2% during the early period and 12.2% during the late period (LOW, n = 4). The CP intake was lower in the LOW than the HIGH group. Urinary and total nitrogen excretion in the late period tended to be lower (p < .10) in the LOW than the HIGH group. However, growth performance and carcass traits were not affected by dietary CP content. Free histidine and total amino acid contents in the longissimus thoracis muscle tended to be higher (p < .10) in the HIGH than the LOW group, however, the CP contents were not affected by dietary CP content. The results of this experiment suggest that decreasing dietary CP to 16% (early period) or 12% (late period) of dry matter would reduce nitrogen excretion from Holstein fattening farms without affecting productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kamiya
- Division of Livestock Feeding and ManagementCentral Region Agricultural Research CenterNAROTochigiNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Tomoya Yamada
- Division of Livestock Feeding and ManagementCentral Region Agricultural Research CenterNAROTochigiNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Mikito Higuchi
- Division of Livestock Feeding and ManagementCentral Region Agricultural Research CenterNAROTochigiNasushiobaraJapan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aemiro A, Watanabe S, Suzuki K, Hanada M, Umetsu K, Nishida T. Effect of substituting soybean meal with euglena (Euglena gracilis) on methane emission and nitrogen efficiency in sheep. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:71-80. [PMID: 30362202 PMCID: PMC6587532 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated methane (CH4 ) emission, intake, digestibility, and nitrogen efficiency in sheep fed diets containing replacement levels (0%, 33%, 50%, and 67% of soybean meal with euglena). In this experiment, four Corriedale wether sheep with an initial body weight of 53.8 ± 4.6 were arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. This experiment lasted 84 days, divided into four experimental periods. Each period lasted 21 days, which consists of 14 days of adaptation to the diets, 5 days to collect samples, and 2 days to collect gas emission from sheep. Methane emission expressed as L/kg DM intake or g/kg DM intake reduced by up to 37% and the energy loss via CH4 (% of GE intake) reduced by up to 34%. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed in DM and OM intake and whole tract apparent DM digestibility due to substitution of soybean meal with euglena. The total CP loss reduced significantly (linear, p < 0.001) and CP efficiency increased linearly (p = 0.03) with increasing concentration of euglena. As a result, nitrogen balance and average daily weight gain remained unchanged despite higher nitrogen concentration in soybean supplemented group. In conclusion, substitution of soybean meal with euglena reduced methane emission without affecting the performance of animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashagrie Aemiro
- Department of Life and Food SciencesObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineObihiroJapan
| | | | | | - Masaaki Hanada
- Department of Life and Food SciencesObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineObihiroJapan
| | - Kazutaka Umetsu
- Department of Agro‐environmental ScienceObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineObihiroJapan
| | - Takehiro Nishida
- Department of Life and Food SciencesObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineObihiroJapan
| |
Collapse
|