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Easton-Jones CA. Clinical Approach to Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2024; 40:263-273. [PMID: 38839435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and thrombocytopenia (IMTP) are rare in horses with the conditions more commonly occurring secondary to underlying disease. Several case reports have suggested a link between neoplasia and immune-mediated destruction of platelets and red blood cells. Diagnostic investigations should therefore focus on identifying possible underlying causes such as infections and neoplasia. Immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and azathioprine is the mainstay of treatment but should be used cautiously in cases where underlying infection has not been excluded. Given the frequent association of secondary IMHA and IMTP cases with neoplasia, primary cases generally have a better prognosis.
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Jacobs CC, Schnabel LV, McIlwraith CW, Blikslager AT. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in equine orthopaedics. Equine Vet J 2022; 54:636-648. [PMID: 35076950 PMCID: PMC9304133 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Orthopaedic disorders are commonly encountered in equine veterinary medicine, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play an important role in the management of many equine orthopaedic disorders. There are multiple NSAIDs available for use in horses, including both non-selective and selective NSAIDS, and the body of literature evaluating the efficacy of these medications, their effects on normal and inflamed musculoskeletal tissues, and their side effects is broad. This review aims to summarise the current literature on the use of NSAIDs for equine orthopaedic disorders and examines new and future avenues for the management of inflammation in equine orthopaedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie C. Jacobs
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lauren V. Schnabel
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - C. Wayne McIlwraith
- C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute (TMI)Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Anthony T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
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Smith JS, Marmulak TL, Angelos JA, Lin Z, Rowe JD, Carlson JL, Shelver WL, Lee EA, Tell LA. Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Estimated Milk Withdrawal Intervals for Domestic Goats ( Capra Aegagrus Hircus) After Administration of Single and Multiple Intravenous and Subcutaneous Doses of Flunixin Meglumine. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:213. [PMID: 32509803 PMCID: PMC7248982 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The study objectives were to estimate plasma flunixin (FLU) pharmacokinetic parameters and milk depletion profiles for FLU and its metabolite (5-hydroxy flunixin; 5-OH) after subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) administration of single and multiple flunixin meglumine (FM) doses to non-lactating (nulliparous and pregnant does) and lactating dairy goats. Analytical methods (ELISA and UPLC-MS/MS) for quantifying plasma FLU concentrations were compared. The final objective was to use regulatory (FDA and EMA) methods to estimate milk withdrawal intervals following extra-label drug use in goats. Methods: FM was administered IV and SC to commercial dairy goats at 1.1 mg/kg for single and multiple doses. Plasma and milk samples were analyzed for FLU and 5-OH via UPLC-MS/MS. Plasma samples were also analyzed for FLU concentrations via ELISA. Using statistical approaches recommended by regulatory agencies, milk withdrawal intervals were estimated following FM extra-label use. Results: Following IV administration of a single FM dose, clearances were 127, 199, and 365 ml/kg/h for non-lactating (NL) pregnant does, NL nulliparous does, and lactating dairy does, respectively. Following multiple SC doses, clearance/F was 199 ml/kg/h for lactating does. After IV administration of a single FM dose, terminal elimination half-lives were 4.08, 2.87, and 3.77 h for NL pregnant does, NL nulliparous does, and lactating dairy does, respectively. After multiple SC doses, the terminal elimination half-life was 3.03 h for lactating dairy does. No significant differences were noted for samples analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS or ELISA. Milk withdrawal intervals ranged from 36 to 60 h depending on the regulatory statistical method and dosage regimen. Conclusions: Subcutaneous administration of FM to goats results in similar plasma pharmacokinetic parameters as IV administration. ELISA analysis is an alternative method to UPLC-MS/MS for quantifying FLU concentrations in caprine plasma samples. Following FM extra-label administration to dairy goats, clinicians could consider 36–60 h milk withdrawal intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe S Smith
- School of Veterinary Medicine, William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tara L Marmulak
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John A Angelos
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Joan D Rowe
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jan L Carlson
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Weilin L Shelver
- USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Lee
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Cullimore AM, Lester GD, Secombe CJ, Campbell K. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a Clydesdale gelding. Aust Vet J 2018; 96:212-215. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- AM Cullimore
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - GD Lester
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - CJ Secombe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - K Campbell
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Murdoch Western Australia Australia
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Kim SM, Lee KC, Paeng SH, Pyo SY, Jung YT. Thoracolumbar Paraspinal Myonecrosis after Aortic Dissection. Korean J Neurotrauma 2017; 13:180-182. [PMID: 29201858 PMCID: PMC5702759 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2017.13.2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracolumbar paraspinal myonecrosis can be developed with various etiologies. It can induce compartment syndrome of spinal muscles and cause elevated pressure on back muscles, resulting in severe back pain. Thoracolumbar paraspinal myonecrosis is a very rare disease. There are only a few studies about paraspinal myonecrosis. Here we report a case of a spontaneous thoracolumbar paraspinal myonecrosis in a patient who had asymptomatic abdominal aortic dissection. Through this case, etiologies, clinical features, radiologic findings, and treatment options for thoracolumbar paraspinal myonecrosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Chang Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Paeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Se Yeong Pyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Shearer TR, Smith AD, Freeman DE, Regan SA. Anaerobic peritonitis caused by Clostridium septicum
as a complication of routine castration in a 2-year-old Warmblood horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Shearer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville USA
| | - A. D. Smith
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville USA
| | - D. E. Freeman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville USA
| | - S. A. Regan
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville USA
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