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Alawneh JI, Ramay H, Olchowy T, Allavena R, Soust M, Jassim RA. Effect of a Lactobacilli-Based Direct-Fed Microbial Product on Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Morphological Changes. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:693. [PMID: 38473078 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The calf's gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome undergoes rapid shifts during early post-natal life, which can directly affect calf performance. The objectives of this study were to characterise and compare differences in the establishment and succession of GIT microbiota, GIT morphological changes, and the growth of dairy calves from birth until weaned. Forty-four newborn Holstein-Friesian calves were randomly selected and assigned to Treatment (TRT) and Control (CON) groups. The TRT group calves received a once-daily dose of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) liquid product containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lentilactobacillus buchneri, and Lacticaseibacillus casei, all formerly known as Lactobacillus. Fresh faecal samples were manually taken from the rectum of all calves, and gross necropsy was performed on the forestomachs and gastrointestinal tracts. Bacterial DNA was extracted from frozen faecal samples for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Calves in the TRT group had greater live weights (p = 0.02) at weaning compared with calves in the CON group (mean = 69.18 kg, SD = 13.37 kg). The average daily live weight gain (ADG) and total feed intake were similar between the two groups. Calves in the TRT group had greater duodenum, abomasum, and reticulum weights (p = 0.05). Rumen and intestinal development (p < 0.05) and faecal microbial diversity (p < 0.05) were more pronounced in the TRT group. The relative abundances of eight genera differed (p < 0.001) between the groups. Supplementing calves with the LAB-based DFM increased live weight at weaning and had a more pronounced effect on the development of rumen and the gastrointestinal tract and on microbiota diversity and evenness. Future work is needed to better understand the potential association of LAB-DFM products on gut mucosa-associated microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Alawneh
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Hena Ramay
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3R 1J3, Canada
| | - Timothy Olchowy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3R 1J3, Canada
| | - Rachel Allavena
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Martin Soust
- Terragen Biotech Pty Ltd., Coolum Beach, QLD 4573, Australia
| | - Rafat Al Jassim
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Li L, Qu J, Zhu H, Liu Y, Wu J, Shao G, Guan X, Qu Y. Effects of feeding different levels of dietary corn silage on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial community of post-weaning dairy calves. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:261-273. [PMID: 37905324 PMCID: PMC10766488 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial community of post-weaning dairy calves in response to five diets varying in corn silage (CS) inclusion. METHODS A total of forty Holstein weaned bull calves (80±3 days of age;128.2±5.03 kg at study initiation) were randomized into five groups (8 calves/group) with each receiving one of five dietary treatments offered as total mixed ration in a 123-d feeding study. Dietary treatments were control diet (CON; 0% CS dry matter [DM]); Treatment 1 (T1; 27.2% CS DM); Treatment 2 (T2; 46.5% CS DM); Treatment 3 (T3; 54.8% CS DM); and Treatment 4 (T4; 67.2% CS DM) with all diets balanced for similar protein and energy concentration. RESULTS Results showed that calves offered CS had greater average daily gain, body length and chest depth growth, meanwhile altered rumen fermentation indicated by decreased rumen acetate concentrations. Principal coordinate analysis showed the rumen bacterial community structure was affected by varying CS inclusion diets. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the predominant bacterial phyla in the calf rumens across all treatments. At the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroidales_RF16_group was increased, whereas Unclassified_ Lachnospiraceae was decreased for calves fed CS. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation test between the rumen bacteria and rumen fermentation parameters indicated that Bacteroidales_RF16_group and Unclassified Lachnospiraceae were positively correlated with propionate and acetate, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of the current study suggested that diet CS inclusion was beneficial for post-weaning dairy calf growth, with 27.2% to 46.5% CS of diet DM recommended to achieve improved growth performance. Bacteroidales_RF16_group and Unclassified Lachnospiraceae play an important role in the rumen fermentation pattern for post-weaning calves fed CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319,
China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319,
China
| | - Jiachen Qu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319,
China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319,
China
| | - Huan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319,
China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319,
China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319,
China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319,
China
| | - Jianhao Wu
- Bright Farming Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201103,
China
| | - Guang Shao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihaer 161006,
China
| | - Xianchao Guan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319,
China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319,
China
| | - Yongli Qu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319,
China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319,
China
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Fuerniss LK, Young JD, Hall JR, Wesley KR, Benitez OJ, Corah LR, Rathmann RJ, Johnson BJ. Beef embryos in dairy cows: calfhood growth of Angus-sired calves from Holstein, Jersey, and crossbred beef dams. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad096. [PMID: 37799707 PMCID: PMC10548415 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved reproductive management has allowed dairy cow pregnancies to be optimized for beef production. The objective of this sire-controlled study was to characterize the effects of beef or dairy maternal genetics and the dairy management system on calf growth. Pregnancies were created with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dam breed (Holstein or Jersey) and mating type (artificial insemination or implantation of an in vitro produced embryo from a commercial beef cow oocyte). Resulting calves were reared in a calf ranch. Additionally, commercial beef cows were inseminated and reared resulting calves on range. Therefore, the five treatments were Angus × Holstein (A × H; n = 19), Angus × Jersey (A × J; n = 22), Angus × beef gestated by Holstein (H ET; n = 18), Angus × beef gestated by Jersey (J ET; n = 8), and Angus × beef raised by beef (A × B; n = 20). Beginning at birth, calf body weight, cannon circumference, forearm circumference, top width, hip width, and hip height were measured approximately every 28 d until ~196 d of age. At birth, A × J calves weighed the least (P < 0.01). At 150 d of age, body weight was greatest (P < 0.05) among A × B calves, intermediate among H ET and A × H calves, and least among J ET and A × J calves (P < 0.05). Morphometric differences were detected between treatments (multivariate analysis of variance, P < 0.01). Primary discriminant function scores identified A × B calves having lesser values than A × J or A × H calves (analysis of variance [ANOVA], P < 0.01); A × B calves had greater cannon circumference, greater top width, and less hip height (standardized loadings of -0.47, -0.48, and 0.63, respectively). Secondary discriminant function scores identified J ET and H ET to have greater forearm circumference-a key indicator of muscling-than A × J or A × H (ANOVA, P < 0.01; standardized loading of 0.99). The dairy management system limited growth rate of beef genetics compared to the beef management system. In addition, Holstein dams transmitted greater growth potential than Jersey dams. Replacing maternal dairy genetics with beef genetics moderated frame size and created a more muscular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke K Fuerniss
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - J Daniel Young
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jerica R Hall
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Kaitlyn R Wesley
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Oscar J Benitez
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Larry R Corah
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Ryan J Rathmann
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Zhang Z, Zhan Y, Han Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang C. Estimation of Liveweight from Body Measurements through Best Fitted Regression Model in Dezhou Donkey Breed. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 101:103457. [PMID: 33993924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dezhou donkey is an excellent local hide, meat and milk breed in Shandong Province. To accelerate the speed of breeding, reproduction and conversation, correlation and multiple regression analysis between body weight (BW) and body size of Dezhou donkey rearing under intensive farms was made by SAS 9.4 software (Statistical Analysis for Windows). A total of 162 donkeys of both gender of age 2 ~ 10 years old were used to investigate the relationships between BW and body dimensional traits (cm) including height of withers, body length; thoracic depth, thoracic girth (TG), thoracic width (TW), circumference of cannon bone (CB), height of rump, rump length (RL) and rump width (RW). The results showed that BW and body measurements have positive and great correlations with R2 value ranged from 0.58 to 0.88 (P <0.01). The R2 values from the single-parameter equations showed that the TG was highly related to BW (0.72, P < 0.01). The stepwise regression equations were applied to obtain the best prediction equations, and the results indicated that the prediction accuracy for BW was improved with the inclusion of more body measurement variables. The "best fit" models were: BW (kg) = 1.88 × TG + 1.27 × BL + 2.55 × TW + 4.61 × CB + 2.18 × RW + 1.78 × RL - 422.8 (R2 = 0.906, P < .01). The predicted BW from the present equations showed the nearest value to the real BW (R2 > 0.94, P < .01). In addition, the equations derived to predict the BW of donkeys in Britain, Morocco were less satisfactory for use with the present Dezhou donkey breed because they overestimated or underestimated the BW due to the different donkey breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Yandong Zhan
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Ying Han
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
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