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Goździewska-Harłajczuk K, Hamouzová P, Klećkowska-Nawrot J, Čížek P. Morphological adaptation of the tongue of okapi (Okapia johnstoni Artiodactyla, Giraffidae)-Anatomy, histology, and ultrastructure. J Morphol 2024; 285:e21743. [PMID: 38825877 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the tongue of the okapi, and to compare the results with other ruminants including browsers, intermediates and grazers. The material was collected post-mortem from two animals from a Zoological Garden. The structure of the okapi tongue, focusing of the shape of the tongue, lingual surface, its papillae and lingual glands, was examined using gross morphology, light and polarized microscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy. The okapi tongue was characterized by dark pigmentation on the lingual dorsum (except lingual torus) and on the whole ventral surface. Two types of filiform papillae were observed, with additional, even 6-8 projections at their base. The round fungiform papillae were present at a higher density, up to 16/cm2, on the ventro-lateral area of the lingual apex. Round and elongate vallate papillae were arranged in two parallel lines between the body and root of the tongue. Numerous taste buds were detected within the epithelium of their vallum, while fungiform papillae had sparse taste buds. A lack of foliate papillae was noted. Very small conical papillae, some lenticular in shape, were present on the lingual torus. Thick collagen type I fibers were dominant over collagen type III fibers in the connective tissue of the lingual papillae. The mucous acini units were dominant among lingual glands, indicating that the secretion of okapi lingual glands was mostly mucous. In many aspects, the tongue of okapi resembles the tongue of other ruminants. The specific lingual shape and lingual surface, together with the lingual glands, support the processing of plant food, such as young and soft leaves. Although okapi tongue is characterized by smaller conical papillae compared to other ruminants, its high number of vallate papillae is similar that found in other browsers, intermediate and grazers. Thus the number of gustatory papillae rather indicates that this feature is not related to the type of feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pavla Hamouzová
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Petr Čížek
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Massoud D, AbdRabou MA, Fouda M, Shaldoum F, Alrashdi BM, Germoush MO, Alfassam HE, Al-Otaibi AM, Soliman SA, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Hassan M, Mahmoud AM. Tongue microarchitecture and functional characterization of the lingual papillae in the desert hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:151-162. [PMID: 38078554 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The present work attempted to provide a comprehensive description of the morphoanatomical, histological, and ultrastructural characteristics of the tongue in the desert hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus), and to correlate lingual modifications to the feeding lifestyle. Five adult male hedgehogs were utilized in our investigation. The macroscopic observations revealed elongated, with a moderately pointed apex, tongue and the tongue dorsum lacks both lingual prominence and median sulcus. The main subdivisions of the tongue are radix linguae (root), corpus linguae (body), and apex linguae (apex). The tongue dorsum carries two types of mechanical (conical and filiform) and gustatory (fungiform and circumvallate) papillae. The lingual apex is characterized by the existence of a unique encapsulated muscular structure. Additionally, the lingual glands were interposed between the muscular strands and no lingual glands were detected on the lingual apex. The dorsal surface of the lingual apex exhibited the highest level of keratinization as revealed by histochemical staining while the root showed moderate staining. The topography of the tongue was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results are important to provide basic knowledge that can contribute to better understanding of the nourishment, feeding habits and behavior in this species. Furthermore, the addition of the newly investigated species may help us to determine the evolutionary relationships among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa Massoud
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervat A AbdRabou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged Fouda
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Shaldoum
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Barakat M Alrashdi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa E Alfassam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljohara M Al-Otaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mervat Hassan
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Elkharga, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Čížek P, Goździewska-Harłajczuk K, Hamouzová P, Klećkowska-Nawrot J, Kvapil P. Lingual Ultrastructural and Histochemical Study in the Patagonian Mara (Rodentia: Caviidae, Dolichotis patagonum) in Relation to Other Hystricomorphs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3889. [PMID: 38136926 PMCID: PMC10740948 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study describes the ultrastructure of the tongue in the Patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum) using light and scanning electron microscopy. Histochemical methods were used for evaluation of lingual salivary glands. The tongue is divided into a small and rounded apex, a narrow corpus, and a significantly wider radix, with a well-developed lingual prominence. The tip of the apex is free of papillae. The caudal part of the apex and the corpus are covered by filiform papillae. Round fungiform papillae are scattered among them. Papillae on the narrow stalk are conical. The radix contains caudally bent papillae forming wide flat prominences, slender, hook shaped filiform papillae, foliate papillae, and two oval vallate papillae. Taste buds were found on the lateral sides of the foliate and vallate papillae. Purely serous salivary glands are beneath the vallate and foliate papillae. Serous acini and mucous tubules are in the lingual radix. The Patagonian mara is the only hystricomorph rodent with described hyaline cartilage strengthening the lingual radix. Some typical signs of adaptation to herbivorous diet were found. The structure of the tongue is adapted to grass-feeding, as grasses form the main component of their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Čížek
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Life Sciences, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Pavla Hamouzová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Life Sciences, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland;
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Anjani AK, Saragih GR, Wihadmadyatami H, Kusindarta DL. Lingual morphology of domesticated Asian small-clawed otters in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:91-105. [PMID: 37981903 PMCID: PMC10581529 DOI: 10.17221/62/2022-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to observe the lingual morphology of the domesticated Asian small-clawed otter, Aonyx cinereus (A. cinereus), from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Six domesticated A. cinereus adults were obtained from a local otter breeder in Yogyakarta, with no regard to sex. The animals were acclimated to the laboratory for one day, following this, the animals underwent macroscopy identification and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) analysis. Macroscopically, the tongue of domesticated A. cinereus is divided into three parts: the apex, corpus, and radix. The apex is the shortest part and can move freely. A median groove is bent along the corpus. Typically, the radix contains circumvallate papillae and the epiglottic valleculae. The SEM and LM observations revealed that the lingual morphology of A. cinereus consisted of two types of papillae: mechanical papillae (horny filiform, leaf-like filiform, bifid filiform, trifid filiform, elongated leaf-like filiform, triangular filiform and conical papillae) and gustatory papillae (fungiform and circumvallate papillae). The lingual glands consisted of Weber's glands and von Ebner's glands secreting acid and neutral mucins. Collagen fibres are found in the lamina propria and muscular layer. In conclusion, the papillae of the Asian short-clawed otter have the same structure as those of other Mustelidae family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Kusuma Anjani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Golda Rani Saragih
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Liliek Kusindarta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Goździewska-Harłajczuk K, Hamouzová P, Klećkowska-Nawrot J, Čížek P. The tongue of the red panda ( Ailurus fulgens fulgens Cuvier, 1825)-a stereoscopy, light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12559. [PMID: 34900445 PMCID: PMC8627657 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the light of recent molecular studies, there are two phylogenetic species of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens): Ailurus fulgens fulgens and Ailurus fulgens styani. The red panda belongs to the endangered species living in the wild only in Asia and is included in the CITES list. Although the biology and diet of this species has been extensively described, the histological structure of the tongue and lingual glands has not yet been characterized in detail in relation to the lifestyle of this mammal under specific conditions and as a basis for comparative anatomical studies of the biodiversity of endemic species. Study samples were collected from two adult males of Ailurus fulgens f. held in Wrocław Zoological Garden. Both tongues were examined macroscopically; moreover, samples with lingual papillae for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were collected from the apex, body and root of the tongue. Both tongues of the Ailurus fulgens f. males were approximately 9 cm long. The dorsal lingual surface was covered with mechanical and gustatory lingual papillae. Filiform papillae were observed on the apex and the body of the tongue, while small conical papillae were observed on the root of the tongue. An elongated, 1-1.5 cm long cylinder-shaped lyssa was observed in the ventral part of the apex. Moreover, most numerous and largest round in shape fungiform papillae were observed on the apex and on the border of the body and root of the tongue, located directly rostrally to 12-13 round and oval in shape vallate papillae. The SEM study showed that filiform papillae on the apex had several long secondary processes, while filiform papillae on the body of the tongue were taller and their secondary papillae were shorter than the equivalent structures on the apex of the tongue. The SEM study showed numerous taste pores on the surface of the fungiform papilla, while irregular surface of the vallate papillae, however some of them had smoother surface. Mixed glands (comprised of mucous acini and serous acini) were present within the vallum (within the connective tissue core) of the vallate papilla. Beneath the papillae more serous glands were observed, while the posterior lingual glands in the caudal part of the root of the tongue were mucoserous (mucous units were prevalent). A characteristic feature of the tongue of Ailurus fulgens f. was the presence of lyssa, which is comparable to other representatives of Carnivora, but the number of vallate papillae was individually variable. The lack of strongly developed mechanical conical papillae probably may be related to the type of plant food that is particularly dominant in red panda. Further differences between Ailurus fulgens f. and Ailurus fulgens s. cannot be excluded. The results of these studies may be useful especially for veterinarians specializing in working with exotic animals and people dealing with wildlife conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Pavla Hamouzová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Petr Čížek
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Microstructure of the Surface of the Tongue and Histochemical Study of the Lingual Glands of the Lowland Tapir ( Tapirus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758) (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122297. [PMID: 33291801 PMCID: PMC7762086 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This is a detailed study of the surface morphology of the tongue and the lingual glands of the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), which expands the understanding of the adaptation of this species to habitats. The histological and ultrastructural analysis of the lingual papillae and lingual glands revealed the presence of two types of mechanical papillae, namely the filiform and conical papillae, while papillae with taste buds (including the fungiform papillae, vallate papillae, and foliate papillae) formed the second, less numerous group. The filiform papillae differed from those of Equidae or Rhinocerotidae. The presence of nine vallate papillae, localized in groups of two surrounded by a ring, or individually, was unique for the examined female tapir. In addition, the vallate papillae contained irregular pseudopapillae on their surface. The foliate papillae contained several sulci between each folia. The presence of sparse taste buds in the side wall of the vallate papillae and foliate papillae is unique for the tapir. Compared to other Perissodactyla, the number of taste buds in the tapir is limited, although the features of its tongue surface make it possible to distinguish this species from representatives of Equidae or Rhinocerotidae. Abstract Although the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract has been characterized in the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), the exact anatomy of its tongue has not been studied. Samples of the lingual papillae and lingual glands were collected from the tongue of an adult female lowland tapir. The microscopic analysis of the structure of the lingual papillae and the histochemical analysis of the secretion of the lingual glands were analyzed. The tongue of the tapir is divided into the apex, body with a distinct lingual prominence, and the root. Its ventral surface is smooth. The most numerous of the mechanical papillae were the filiform papillae, while numerous conical papillae with a sharp apex or more rounded papillae were present in the root of the tongue. There were also nine vallate papillae and pair of foliate papillae. The foliate papillae contained several folds parted by 12–14 grooves. The mucous secretion produced by the lingual glands was more obvious than the serous secretion. The features of the dorsal surface of the tongue as well as the shape and number of the lingual papillae on the surface of the tongue of the examined female tapir differ compared to Equidae or Rhinocerotidae, the other two representatives of Perissodactyla. However, further study is necessary for the synapomorpy of the tapir’s tongue.
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