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Lee L, Hillier LM, Patel T, Lu SK, Lee M, Lee C. An innovative approach to recruiting participants for dementia research: primary care and researcher perspectives. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2023; 13:323-334. [PMID: 38284385 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2022-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To describe clinician and researcher perceptions of a new, patient preference focused approach to recruiting patients for research from primary care-based memory clinics. Methods: Memory clinic clinicians completed a survey and key informants completed an individual interview to gather their perceptions of this new program. Results: The majority of clinicians were 'satisfied' or 'very satisfied' with this recruitment approach and indicated that this approach would have minimal negative impact on patient care or create conflict of interest. Key informants valued the program for its patient-centred approach, the integration of research into care and potential for increased recruitment. Discussion: These findings are suggestive of support for this recruitment approach. Pilot testing will inform feasibility, effectiveness and process improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Lee
- Centre for Family Medicine Family Health Team, 10 B Victoria Street South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, 100 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8P 1H6, Canada
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, 250 Laurelwood Drive, Waterloo, Ontario, N2J 0E2, Canada
| | - Loretta M Hillier
- GERAS Centre for Aging Research, 88 Maplewood Ave, Hamilton, Ontario, L8M 1W9, Canada
| | - Tejal Patel
- Centre for Family Medicine Family Health Team, 10 B Victoria Street South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria Street South, Waterloo, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Stephanie K Lu
- Centre for Family Medicine Family Health Team, 10 B Victoria Street South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Michael Lee
- Centre for Family Medicine Family Health Team, 10 B Victoria Street South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Catherine Lee
- Centre for Family Medicine Family Health Team, 10 B Victoria Street South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada
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Newby D, Orgeta V, Marshall CR, Lourida I, Albertyn CP, Tamburin S, Raymont V, Veldsman M, Koychev I, Bauermeister S, Weisman D, Foote IF, Bucholc M, Leist AK, Tang EYH, Tai XY, Llewellyn DJ, Ranson JM. Artificial intelligence for dementia prevention. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5952-5969. [PMID: 37837420 PMCID: PMC10843720 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A wide range of modifiable risk factors for dementia have been identified. Considerable debate remains about these risk factors, possible interactions between them or with genetic risk, and causality, and how they can help in clinical trial recruitment and drug development. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) may refine understanding. METHODS ML approaches are being developed in dementia prevention. We discuss exemplar uses and evaluate the current applications and limitations in the dementia prevention field. RESULTS Risk-profiling tools may help identify high-risk populations for clinical trials; however, their performance needs improvement. New risk-profiling and trial-recruitment tools underpinned by ML models may be effective in reducing costs and improving future trials. ML can inform drug-repurposing efforts and prioritization of disease-modifying therapeutics. DISCUSSION ML is not yet widely used but has considerable potential to enhance precision in dementia prevention. HIGHLIGHTS Artificial intelligence (AI) is not widely used in the dementia prevention field. Risk-profiling tools are not used in clinical practice. Causal insights are needed to understand risk factors over the lifespan. AI will help personalize risk-management tools for dementia prevention. AI could target specific patient groups that will benefit most for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Newby
- University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Vasiliki Orgeta
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, W1T 7BN, UK
| | - Charles R Marshall
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Neurology, Royal London Hospital, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Ilianna Lourida
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4AX, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2HZ, UK
| | - Christopher P Albertyn
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37129, Italy
| | - Vanessa Raymont
- University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Michele Veldsman
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Ivan Koychev
- University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Sarah Bauermeister
- University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - David Weisman
- Abington Neurological Associates, Abington, PA 19001, USA
| | - Isabelle F Foote
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS, UK
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Magda Bucholc
- Cognitive Analytics Research Lab, School of Computing, Engineering & Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry, BT48 7JL, UK
| | - Anja K Leist
- Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality (IRSEI), Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, L-4365, Luxembourg
| | - Eugene Y H Tang
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Xin You Tai
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - David J. Llewellyn
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2HZ, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, NW1 2DB, UK
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Gelinas L, Strauss DH, Chen Y, Ahmed HR, Kirby A, Friesen P, Bierer BE. Protecting the Vulnerable and Including the Under-Represented: IRB Practices and Attitudes. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2023; 18:58-68. [PMID: 36476180 PMCID: PMC10033343 DOI: 10.1177/15562646221138450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since their inception, Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) have been charged with protecting the vulnerable in research. More recently, attention has turned to whether IRBs also have a role to play in ensuring representative study samples and promoting the inclusion of historically under-represented groups. These two aims-protecting the vulnerable and including the under-represented-can pull in different directions, given the potential for overlap between the vulnerable and the under-represented. We conducted a pilot, online national survey of IRB Chairs to gauge attitudes and practices with regard to protecting the vulnerable and including the under-represented in research. We found that IRBs extend the concept of vulnerability to different groups across various contexts, are confident that they effectively protect vulnerable individuals in research, and believe that IRBs have a role to play in ensuring representative samples and the inclusion of under-represented groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Gelinas
- Advarra; Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard
| | - David H Strauss
- Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Ying Chen
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Hayat R. Ahmed
- Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard
| | - Aaron Kirby
- Harvard Medical School; Harvard Catalyst, The Harvard Clinical & Translational Science Center
| | - Phoebe Friesen
- McGill University, Department of Social Studies of Medicine, Biomedical Unit
| | - Barbara E. Bierer
- Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard; Harvard Medical School
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Magavern EF, Piasecki J, Cohen A, Cremers S. Ethics in clinical pharmacology: Facilitating public trust. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:5-6. [PMID: 34773656 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma F Magavern
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jan Piasecki
- Department of Philosophy and Bioethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Cohen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Serge Cremers
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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