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Lyons JG, Shinde MU, Maro JC, Petrone A, Cosgrove A, Kempner ME, Andrade SE, Mwidau J, Stojanovic D, Hernández-Muñoz JJ, Toh S. Use of the Sentinel System to Examine Medical Product Use and Outcomes During Pregnancy. Drug Saf 2024:10.1007/s40264-024-01447-z. [PMID: 38940904 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-024-01447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
While many pregnant individuals use prescription medications, evidence supporting product safety during pregnancy is often inadequate. Existing electronic healthcare data sources provide large, diverse samples of health plan members to allow for the study of medical product utilization during pregnancy, as well as pregnancy, maternal, and infant outcomes. The Sentinel System is a national medical product surveillance system that includes administrative claims and electronic health record databases from large national and regional health insurers. In addition to these data sources, Sentinel develops and maintains a sizeable selection of analytic tools to facilitate epidemiologic analyses in a way that protects patient privacy and health system autonomy. In this article, we provide an overview of Sentinel System infrastructure, including the Mother-Infant Linkage Table, parameterizable analytic tools, and algorithms to estimate gestational age and identify pregnancy outcomes. We also describe past and future Sentinel work that contributes to our understanding of the way medical products are used and the safety of these products during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G Lyons
- Division of Therapeutics Research and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Mayura U Shinde
- Division of Therapeutics Research and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Judith C Maro
- Division of Therapeutics Research and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Petrone
- Division of Therapeutics Research and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Austin Cosgrove
- Division of Therapeutics Research and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Maria E Kempner
- Division of Therapeutics Research and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Susan E Andrade
- Division of Therapeutics Research and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jamila Mwidau
- Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Danijela Stojanovic
- Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - José J Hernández-Muñoz
- Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sengwee Toh
- Division of Therapeutics Research and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Koldeweij C, Kleuskens M, Litjens C, Franklin BD, Scheepers HCJ, de Wildt SN. Perceived barriers and facilitators for model-informed dosing in pregnancy: a qualitative study across healthcare practitioners and pregnant women. BMC Med 2024; 22:248. [PMID: 38886762 PMCID: PMC11184760 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most women use medication during pregnancy. Pregnancy-induced changes in physiology may require antenatal dose alterations. Yet, evidence-based doses in pregnancy are missing. Given historically limited data, pharmacokinetic models may inform pregnancy-adjusted doses. However, implementing model-informed doses in clinical practice requires support from relevant stakeholders. PURPOSE To explore the perceived barriers and facilitators for model-informed antenatal doses among healthcare practitioners (HCPs) and pregnant women. METHODS Online focus groups and interviews were held among healthcare practitioners (HCPs) and pregnant women from eight countries across Europe, Africa and Asia. Purposive sampling was used to identify pregnant women plus HCPs across various specialties prescribing or providing advice on medication to pregnant women. Perceived barriers and facilitators for implementing model-informed doses in pregnancy were identified and categorised using a hybrid thematic analysis. RESULTS Fifty HCPs and 11 pregnant women participated in 12 focus groups and 16 interviews between January 2022 and March 2023. HCPs worked in the Netherlands (n = 32), the UK (n = 7), South Africa (n = 5), Uganda (n = 4), Kenya, Cameroon, India and Vietnam (n = 1 each). All pregnant women resided in the Netherlands. Barriers and facilitators identified by HCPs spanned 14 categories across four domains whereas pregnant women described barriers and facilitators spanning nine categories within the same domains. Most participants found current antenatal dosing information inadequate and regarded model-informed doses in pregnancy as a valuable and for some, much-needed addition to antenatal care. Although willingness-to-follow model-informed antenatal doses was high across both groups, several barriers for implementation were identified. HCPs underlined the need for transparent model validation and endorsement of the methodology by recognised institutions. Foetal safety was deemed a critical knowledge gap by both groups. HCPs' information needs and preferred features for model-informed doses in pregnancy varied. Several pregnant women expressed a desire to access information and partake in decisions on antenatal dosing. CONCLUSIONS Given the perceived limitations of current pharmacotherapy for pregnant women and foetuses, model-informed dosing in pregnancy was seen as a promising means to enhance antenatal care by pregnant women and healthcare practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Koldeweij
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirèse Kleuskens
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Litjens
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Bryony Dean Franklin
- Centre for Medication Safety and Service Quality, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Hubertina C J Scheepers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Grow, School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia N de Wildt
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Jackson H, Grzeskowiak L, Enticott J, Wise S, Callander E. How the structural determinants of health inequities impact access to prescription medication for pregnant women in Australia: a narrative review. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 42:100934. [PMID: 38357390 PMCID: PMC10865029 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Structural factors that contribute to health disparities (e.g., population-level policies, cultural norms) impact the distribution of resources in society and can affect medication accessibility; even in high-income countries like Australia. Industry practices and regulatory approaches (e.g., a conservative approach to testing medicines in pregnant women) influence the availability of safety and efficacy data necessary for the licencing and funding of prescription medications used during pregnancy. Consequently, pregnant women may be prescribed medications outside of regulatory or funder-approved indications, posing risks for both prescribers and pregnant women and potentially compromising equitable access to medications. This review examines the regulatory and legislative structural factors that contribute to health disparities and perpetuate the deeply ingrained social norm that we should be protecting pregnant women from clinical research rather than safeguarding them through such research. Addressing these challenges requires a renewed commitment to integrated, woman-centred maternal healthcare and strengthened collaboration across all sectors. Funding Australian Government Research Training Program Stipend from the University of Technology Sydney, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Fellowship, Channel 7 Children's Research Foundation Fellowship (CRF-210323).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jackson
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke Grzeskowiak
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne Enticott
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Wise
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily Callander
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hofer S, Hofstätter N, Punz B, Hasenkopf I, Johnson L, Himly M. Immunotoxicity of nanomaterials in health and disease: Current challenges and emerging approaches for identifying immune modifiers in susceptible populations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1804. [PMID: 36416020 PMCID: PMC9787548 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanosafety assessment has experienced an intense era of research during the past decades driven by a vivid interest of regulators, industry, and society. Toxicological assays based on in vitro cellular models have undergone an evolution from experimentation using nanoparticulate systems on singular epithelial cell models to employing advanced complex models more realistically mimicking the respective body barriers for analyzing their capacity to alter the immune state of exposed individuals. During this phase, a number of lessons were learned. We have thus arrived at a state where the next chapters have to be opened, pursuing the following objectives: (1) to elucidate underlying mechanisms, (2) to address effects on vulnerable groups, (3) to test material mixtures, and (4) to use realistic doses on (5) sophisticated models. Moreover, data reproducibility has become a significant demand. In this context, we studied the emerging concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) from the perspective of immune activation and modulation resulting in pro-inflammatory versus tolerogenic responses. When considering the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems, protein corona formation represents the relevant molecular initiating event (e.g., by potential alterations of nanomaterial-adsorbed proteins). Using this as an example, we illustrate how integrated experimental-computational workflows combining in vitro assays with in silico models aid in data enrichment and upon comprehensive ontology-annotated (meta)data upload to online repositories assure FAIRness (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusability). Such digital twinning may, in future, assist in early-stage decision-making during therapeutic development, and hence, promote safe-by-design innovation in nanomedicine. Moreover, it may, in combination with in silico-based exposure-relevant dose-finding, serve for risk monitoring in particularly loaded areas, for example, workplaces, taking into account pre-existing health conditions. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hofer
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical BiologyParis Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Norbert Hofstätter
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical BiologyParis Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Benjamin Punz
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical BiologyParis Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Ingrid Hasenkopf
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical BiologyParis Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Litty Johnson
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical BiologyParis Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Martin Himly
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical BiologyParis Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
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