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Zhou Y, Jones AM. A General Method to Access Underexplored Ylideneamino Sulfates as Interrupted Beckmann-Type Rearrangement Intermediates. Molecules 2024; 29:1667. [PMID: 38611947 PMCID: PMC11013155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes to their corresponding amides, using a Brønsted acid-mediated fragmentation and migration sequence, has found wide-spread industrial application. We postulated that the development of a methodology to access ylideneamino sulfates using tributylsulfoammonium betaine (TBSAB) would afford isolable Beckmann-type intermediates and competent partners for subsequent rearrangement cascades. The ylideneamino sulfates generated, isolated as their tributylammonium salts, are sufficiently activated to undergo Beckmann rearrangement without additional reagent activation. The generation of sulfuric acid in situ from the ylideneamino sulfate giving rise to a routine Beckmann rearrangement and additional amide bond cleavage to the corresponding aniline was detrimental to reaction success. The screening of bases revealed inexpensive sodium bicarbonate to be an effective additive to prevent classic Brønsted acid-mediated fragmentation and achieve optimal conversions of up to 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan M. Jones
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Shida H, Kajiyama K, Sawada S, Ishiguro C, Kubo M, Kimura R, Hirano M, Komiyama N, Iguchi T, Oniyama Y, Uyama Y. Use of National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups for examining practical utilization and safety signal of a drug to support regulatory assessment on postmarketing drug safety in Japan. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1096992. [PMID: 36910503 PMCID: PMC9995365 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1096992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) has conducted many pharmacoepidemiological studies for postmarketing drug safety assessments based on real-world data from medical information databases. One of these databases is the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB), containing health insurance claims of almost all Japanese individuals (over 100 million) since April 2009. This article describes the PMDA's regulatory experiences in utilizing the NDB for postmarketing drug safety assessment, especially focusing on the recent cases of use of the NDB to examine the practical utilization and safety signal of a drug. The studies helped support regulatory decision-making for postmarketing drug safety, such as considering a revision of prescribing information of a drug, confirming the appropriateness of safety measures, and checking safety signals in real-world situations. Different characteristics between the NDB and the MID-NET® (another database in Japan) were also discussed for appropriate selection of data source for drug safety assessment. Accumulated experiences of pharmacoepidemiological studies based on real-world data for postmarketing drug safety assessment will contribute to evolving regulatory decision-making based on real-world data in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Shida
- Office of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kajiyama
- Office of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sono Sawada
- Office of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Ishiguro
- Office of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kubo
- Office of Pharmacovigilance I, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Kimura
- Office of Pharmacovigilance I, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Hirano
- Office of Pharmacovigilance II, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Komiyama
- Office of Pharmacovigilance II, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Iguchi
- Office of Pharmacovigilance II, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Oniyama
- Office of Pharmacovigilance I, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uyama
- Office of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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