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Donker EM, Spitaleri Timpone P, Brinkman DJ, Richir MC, Papaioannidou P, Likic R, Sanz EJ, Christiaens T, Costa JN, De Ponti F, Gatti M, Böttiger Y, Kramers C, Pandit R, van Agtmael MA, Tichelaar J. The European List of Key Medicines for Medical Education: A Modified Delphi Study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 115:515-524. [PMID: 38062784 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Rational prescribing is essential for the quality of health care. However, many final-year medical students and junior doctors lack prescribing competence to perform this task. The availability of a list of medicines that a junior doctor working in Europe should be able to independently prescribe safely and effectively without supervision could support and harmonize teaching and training in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) in Europe. Therefore, our aim was to achieve consensus on such a list of medicines that are widely accessible in Europe. For this, we used a modified Delphi study method consisting of three parts. In part one, we created an initial list based on a literature search. In part two, a group of 64 coordinators in CPT education, selected via the Network of Teachers in Pharmacotherapy of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, evaluated the accessibility of each medicine in his or her country, and provided a diverse group of experts willing to participate in the Delphi part. In part three, 463 experts from 24 European countries were invited to participate in a 2-round Delphi study. In total, 187 experts (40%) from 24 countries completed both rounds and evaluated 416 medicines, 98 of which were included in the final list. The top three Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code groups were (1) cardiovascular system (n = 23), (2) anti-infective (n = 21), and (3) musculoskeletal system (n = 11). This European List of Key Medicines for Medical Education could be a starting point for country-specific lists and could be used for the training and assessment of CPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Donker
- Unit Pharmacotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research and Expertise Centre in Pharmacotherapy Education (RECIPE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pietro Spitaleri Timpone
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David J Brinkman
- Unit Pharmacotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research and Expertise Centre in Pharmacotherapy Education (RECIPE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Milan C Richir
- Unit Pharmacotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research and Expertise Centre in Pharmacotherapy Education (RECIPE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paraskevi Papaioannidou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Robert Likic
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emilio J Sanz
- School of Health Science, Universidad de La Laguna, and Hospital Universitario de Canarias (SCS), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Thierry Christiaens
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Fundamental and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - João N Costa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fabrizio De Ponti
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milo Gatti
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ylva Böttiger
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Cornelis Kramers
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rahul Pandit
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel A van Agtmael
- Unit Pharmacotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research and Expertise Centre in Pharmacotherapy Education (RECIPE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Tichelaar
- Unit Pharmacotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research and Expertise Centre in Pharmacotherapy Education (RECIPE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interprofessional Collaboration and Medication Safety at the Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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