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El-Ganainy SO, Shehata AM, El-Mallah A, Abdallah D, Mohy El-Din MM. Geraniol suppresses tumour growth and enhances chemosensitivity of 5-fluorouracil on breast carcinoma in mice: involvement of miR-21/PTEN signalling. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:rgad060. [PMID: 37379815 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in females worldwide. Phytochemicals are among the recent compelling approaches showing anticancer activity. Geraniol is a monoterpenoid showing anti-tumoral potential in cell lines. However, its exact mechanism in breast cancer has not been elucidated. In addition, the possible chemosenstizing effect of geraniol when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs in breast carcinoma has not been previously addressed. METHODS Therefore, the aim of the current work is to investigate the potential therapeutic as well as chemosensitizing effects of geraniol on breast carcinoma induced in mice through examination of tumour biomarkers and histopathology profile. KEY FINDINGS Results showed a prominent suppression of tumour growth following geraniol treatment. This was accompanied with miR-21 downregulation that subsequently upregulated PTEN and suppressed mTOR levels. Geraniol was also able to activate apoptosis and inhibit autophagy. Histopathological examination revealed high necrosis areas separating malignant cells in the geraniol-treated group. Combined geraniol and 5-fluorouracil treatment induced more than 82% inhibition of tumour rate, surpassing the effect of each drug alone. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that geraniol could represent a promising avenue for breast cancer treatment as well as a potential sensitizing agent when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar O El-Ganainy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Shehata
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dina Abdallah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Mohy El-Din
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Costa AOC, Rego RIA, Andrade HHN, Costa TKVL, Salvadori MGSS, Almeida RN, Castro RD. Evaluation of the antinociceptive effect generated by citronellal monoterpene isomers. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e271781. [PMID: 37255202 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the complex nature of pain and the participation of physical, cognitive, psychological and behavioral aspects, pain management has several approaches. The use of medicinal plants in developing countries is quite expressive. Seeking new options for the treatment of emerging or debilitating diseases. Therefore, the present study seeks to elucidate the effects of the monoterpene, citronellal, differentiating its activity by isomers (R)-(+) and (S)-(-) citronellal. The study used several methods to evaluate the effects of citronellal isomers on motor coordination, nociceptive response, and the involvement of opioid, glutamatergic, and transient receptor pathways. The methods included rota-rod, hot-plate, and formalin tests, as well as the use of specific inhibitors and agonists. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics with a 95% confidence level. Both isomers did not significantly affect the motor coordination of the studied animals. The isomer (S)-(-) citronellal showed better results in relation to its structural counterpart, managing to have an antinociceptive effect in the formalin and hot plate tests with a lower concentration (100 mg/kg) and presenting fewer side effects, however, the this study was not able to elucidate the mechanism of action of this isomer despite having activity in studies with substances that act on specific targets such as glutamate and capsaicin, its activity was not reversed with the use of antagonists for pathways related to nociception. While the (R)-(+) citronellal isomer, despite showing total activity only at a concentration of 150 mg/kg, was able to determine its mechanism of action related to the opioid pathway by reversing its activity by the antagonist naloxone, being this is a pathway already correlated with nociception control treatments, however, it is also related to some unwanted side effects. In this way, new studies are sought to elucidate the mechanism related to the isomer (S)-(-) citronellal and a possibility of use in other areas related to the treatment of pain or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O C Costa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - R I A Rego
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - H H N Andrade
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fámacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - T K V L Costa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - M G S S Salvadori
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fámacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - R N Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fámacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - R D Castro
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Clínica e Odontologia Social, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
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Bagheri S, Rashno M, Salehi I, Karimi SA, Raoufi S, Komaki A. Geraniol improves passive avoidance memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 951:175714. [PMID: 37054939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease that leads to synaptic loss and cognitive decline. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of geraniol (GR), a valuable acyclic monoterpene alcohol, with protective and therapeutic effects, on passive avoidance memory, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques formation in an AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of Aβ1-40. Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly into sham, control, control-GR (100 mg/kg; P.O. (orally), AD, GR-AD (100 mg/kg; P.O.; pretreatment), AD-GR (100 mg/kg; P.O.; treatment), and GR-AD-GR (100 mg/kg; P.O.; pretreatment & treatment). Administration of GR was continued for four consecutive weeks. Training for the passive avoidance test was carried out on the 36th day and a memory retention test was performed 24 h later. On day 38, hippocampal synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation; LTP) was recorded in perforant path-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses to assess field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) slope and population spike (PS) amplitude. Subsequently, Aβ plaques were identified in the hippocampus by Congo red staining. The results showed that Aβ microinjection increased passive avoidance memory impairment, suppressed of hippocampal LTP induction, and enhanced of Aβ plaque formation in the hippocampus. Interestingly, oral administration of GR improved passive avoidance memory deficit, ameliorated hippocampal LTP impairment, and reduced Aβ plaque accumulation in the Aβ-infused rats. The results suggest that GR mitigates Aβ-induced passive avoidance memory impairment, possibly through alleviation of hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and inhibition of Aβ plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokufeh Bagheri
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masome Rashno
- Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Safoura Raoufi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. http://umsha.ac.ir
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Astuti P, Khairan K, Marthoenis M, Hasballah K. Antidepressant-like Activity of Patchouli Oil var. Tapak Tuan ( Pogostemon cablin Benth) via Elevated Dopamine Level: A Study Using Rat Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:608. [PMID: 35631434 PMCID: PMC9145128 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are gaining popularity for their use in treating depression, including that extracted from patchouli leaves and stems (Pogostemon cablin). Herein, we used patchouli oil (PO) containing a high amount of patchouli alcohol derived from P. cablin var. Tapak Tuan. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant potential of PO, with a variety of patchouli alcohol concentrations obtained from a separation process using vacuum distillation with different temperature ranges. The initial patchouli oil (iPO) was traditionally distilled by a local farmer and further distilled using a rotary evaporator at temperature ranges of 115−160 °C (POF-1); 120−160 °C (POF-2), and 125−160 °C (POF-3), resulting in products with different patchouli alcohol concentrations. POF-3, with the highest patchouli alcohol content of 60.66% (based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), was used for cooling crystallization, resulting in 100% patchouli alcohol crystal (pPA). A tail suspension test (TST) was performed on a rat model to screen the antidepressant potential of iPO and its derivatives. The TST results revealed that POF-3 had the best antidepressant-like effect and was second only to the fluoxetine-based antidepressant, Kalxetin®, where both groups had significant reductions of immobility time post-treatment (p < 0.0001). Other than patchouli alcohol, POF-3 also contained ledol and trans-geraniol, which have been reported for their antidepressant-related activities. Brain dopamine levels increased significantly in the group treated with POF-3 (p < 0.05 as compared with the control group), suggesting its primary anti-depressant mechanism. These findings suggest the potential of vacuum-distilled patchouli oil in reducing depression via dopamine elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puji Astuti
- Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- LLDikti Wilayah XIII, Aceh Besar 23352, Indonesia
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Akademi Keperawatan Tgk. Fakinah, Banda Aceh 23232, Indonesia
- Atsiri Research Centre, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Khairan Khairan
- Atsiri Research Centre, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- PT-PUI Nilam Aceh, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Pusat Riset Obat Herbal, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Marthoenis Marthoenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Kartini Hasballah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
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Xu L, Liu MZ, Yang YY, Wang Y, Hua XX, Du LX, Zhu JY, Shen Y, Wang YQ, Zhang L, Mi WL, Mu D. Geraniol enhances inhibitory inputs to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus and induces sedation in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153965. [PMID: 35144136 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant extracts with sedative effects have a long history of clinical use for treating insomnia and epilepsy. Geraniol (GE), a plant-derived acyclic monoterpene, reduces locomotion and prolongs barbiturate-induced anesthesia in rats. However, the mechanisms of GE in sedation remain elusive. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of GE in sedation in mice. METHODS GE was administered systemically by nebulization and intraperitoneal injection. Open field tests, acute seizure tests, and electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were performed to examine the sedative effects of GE in mice. The time of loss of the righting reflex and return of the righting reflex were recorded in anesthesia experiments to examine the effect of GE on anesthesia. In vitro c-Fos staining and in vivo fiber photometry recordings were performed to detect the activity change of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT). Microinjection of GE into PVT and related behavioral tests were performed to confirm that PVT was a critical target for GE. Whole-cell recordings were performed to dissect the effects of GE on PVT neurons via GABAA receptors. Molecular docking was performed to examine the interaction between GE and GABAA receptor subunits. RESULTS We found that GE reduced locomotion, relieved acute seizures, altered the EEG, and facilitated general anesthesia in mice. Next, we found that GE decreased c-Fos expression and suppressed the calcium activity in PVT. Microinjection of GE into PVT reduced locomotion and facilitated anesthesia. Furthermore, electrophysiology results showed that GE induced dramatic membrane hyperpolarization and suppressed the activity of PVT neurons, mainly by prolonging spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and inducing tonic inhibitory currents. Molecular docking results indicated that the β3 subunit might be a potential target for GE. CONCLUSION By combined using behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, calcium recording, and electrophysiology, we systematically revealed that GE inhibits PVT and induces sedation in mice. Essential oils have long been considered part of traditional medicine, and they are playing a critical role in aromatherapy. Since GE has a comparatively ideal safety property and multiple delivery methods, GE has great application potential in aromatherapy. Our study also provides a potential candidate for further development of sedatives and anaesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ya-Yue Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Institutes of Brain Science, Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Hua
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Li-Xia Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Institutes of Brain Science, Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Institutes of Brain Science, Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Institutes of Brain Science, Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Wen-Li Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Institutes of Brain Science, Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Di Mu
- SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Rodriguez CEB, Ouyang L, Kandasamy R. Antinociceptive effects of minor cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids in Cannabis. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:130-157. [PMID: 33709984 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties. Given the dangerous and unpleasant side effects of existing analgesics, the chemical constituents of Cannabis have garnered significant interest for their antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. To date, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) remain the two most widely studied constituents of Cannabis in animals. These studies have led to formulations of THC and CBD for human use; however, chronic pain patients also use different strains of Cannabis (sativa, indica and ruderalis) to alleviate their pain. These strains contain major cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD, but they also contain a wide variety of cannabinoid and noncannabinoid constituents. Although the analgesic effects of Cannabis are attributed to major cannabinoids, evidence indicates other constituents such as minor cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids also produce antinociception against animal models of acute, inflammatory, neuropathic, muscle and orofacial pain. In some cases, these constituents produce antinociception that is equivalent or greater compared to that produced by traditional analgesics. Thus, a better understanding of the extent to which these constituents produce antinociception alone in animals is necessary. The purposes of this review are to (1) introduce the different minor cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids found in Cannabis and (2) discuss evidence of their antinociceptive properties in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Erwin B Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California, USA
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Fu YS, Duan XQ, Cheng KR, Yan-Yan-Fei, Liu L, Duan HD, Hu Q, Xia SL, Wang XR, Cheng ZF. Geraniol relieves mycoplasma pneumonia infection-induced lung injury in mice through the regulation of ERK/JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e22984. [PMID: 35038199 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia is a serious pediatric lung injury disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) with increasing global prevalence every year. The WHO has reported that nearly 19% of children die due to pneumonia worldwide. OBJECTIVE The present research was conducted to discover the ameliorative properties of geraniol against M. pneumoniae-provoked pneumonia in mice through the modulation of inflammatory responses. METHODOLOGY The pneumonia was provoked in the male Swiss albino mice via infecting animals with 100 µl of M. pneumoniae for 2 days and supplemented concurrently with 20 mg/kg of geraniol for 3 days. 100 mg/kg of azithromycin was used as a standard drug. The nitric oxide (NO) level and MPO activity were measured using kits. The SOD activity, GSH, and MDA levels were studied using standard methods. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study was performed to examine the M. pneumoniae DNA load. The inflammatory cytokines status was assessed by assay kits. The ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and NF-κB expressions were studied by reverse-transcription (RT-PCR). The lung tissues were analyzed microscopically to investigate the histological alterations. RESULTS Geraniol treatment effectively reduced lung weight, NO level, and MPO activity in the pneumonia mice. The total cells and M. pneumoniae DNA load were also decreased by the geraniol. The SOD activity and GSH level were improved and MDA was decreased by the geraniol treatment. The IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and TGF status were appreciably depleted by the geraniol in the pneumonia mice. Geraniol also suppressed the ERK1/2 and NF-κB expressions in the lung tissues. Histological findings also suggest the therapeutic roles of geraniol against pneumonia in mice. CONCLUSION In summary, our results proved the beneficial roles of geraniol against the M. pneumoniae-provoked pneumonia. Geraniol could be a hopeful therapeutic agent to treat pneumonia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Shan Fu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xue-Qiong Duan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ke-Run Cheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Yan-Fei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The third affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Dan Duan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Emergency Department, Kunming Second People's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Shuang-Li Xia
- Research centre of Pharmacology and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xin-Ru Wang
- Research on the Prevention and Treatment of Emergency in the Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Clinical School of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhong-Feng Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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He F, Liu JY, Chen LJ, Cheng ZQ, Cheng MQ, Du SS, Sang YL, Hao YJ. Contact toxicity and repellence of essential oil from Senecio scandens and its major components against three stored product insects. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4452-4456. [PMID: 34629001 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1983572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate the chemical compositions of the essential oil (EO) extracted from Senecio scandens by hydrodistillation and their insecticidal activities against Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne and Liposceis bostrychophila. The chemical profile of the EO were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and 20 compounds were identified which accounted for 88.03% of the total EO. Five major compounds identified in the EO were assayed against the three stored product insects. The EO showed strong contact toxicity to T. castaneum (LD50 = 18.01 μg/adult), L. serricorne (LD50 = 20.11 μg/adult) and L. bostrychophila (LD50 = 72.14 μg/cm2). Among all compounds, geraniol showed the contact toxicity against L. serricorne and L. bostrychophila with LD50 values of 15.82 μg/adult and 26.64 μg/cm2. The EO and its five chemical compounds also exhibited different level of potential repellence to the three stored product insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing-Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Jiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zi-Qian Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng-Qi Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shu-Shan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Li Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan-Jun Hao
- Liaoning Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Liktor-Busa E, Keresztes A, LaVigne J, Streicher JM, Largent-Milnes TM. Analgesic Potential of Terpenes Derived from Cannabis sativa. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:98-126. [PMID: 34663685 PMCID: PMC11060501 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain prevalence among adults in the United States has increased 25% over the past two decades, resulting in high health-care costs and impacts to patient quality of life. In the last 30 years, our understanding of pain circuits and (intra)cellular mechanisms has grown exponentially, but this understanding has not yet resulted in improved therapies. Options for pain management are limited. Many analgesics have poor efficacy and are accompanied by severe side effects such as addiction, resulting in a devastating opioid abuse and overdose epidemic. These problems have encouraged scientists to identify novel molecular targets and develop alternative pain therapeutics. Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that cannabis has several beneficial pharmacological activities, including pain relief. Cannabis sativa contains more than 500 chemical compounds, with two principle phytocannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Beyond phytocannabinoids, more than 150 terpenes have been identified in different cannabis chemovars. Although the predominant cannabinoids, Δ9-THC and CBD, are thought to be the primary medicinal compounds, terpenes including the monoterpenes β-myrcene, α-pinene, limonene, and linalool, as well as the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and α-humulene may contribute to many pharmacological properties of cannabis, including anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. The aim of this review is to summarize our current knowledge about terpene compounds in cannabis and to analyze the available scientific evidence for a role of cannabis-derived terpenes in modern pain management. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Decades of research have improved our knowledge of cannabis polypharmacy and contributing phytochemicals, including terpenes. Reform of the legal status for cannabis possession and increased availability (medicinal and recreational) have resulted in cannabis use to combat the increasing prevalence of pain and may help to address the opioid crisis. Better understanding of the pharmacological effects of cannabis and its active components, including terpenes, may assist in identifying new therapeutic approaches and optimizing the use of cannabis and/or terpenes as analgesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Justin LaVigne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Involvement of GABA A Receptors in the Anxiolytic-Like Effect of Hydroxycitronellal. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9929805. [PMID: 34222487 PMCID: PMC8225436 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9929805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxycitronellal (HC) is a monoterpene present in essential oils of aromatic plants of different species, obtained from semisynthesis of citronellal, and is widely used as a fragrance in cosmetics. The objective of this work was to evaluate the possible anxiolytic-like activity of HC and its possible mechanism of action using in vivo and in silico methodologies. Swiss male mice (Mus musculus) were treated with HC (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and subjected to the rota rod, elevated plus maze, and open field tests. No significant impairments were observed in the rota rod tests for the motor activity of the animals treated with HC at 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, i.p., indicating no myo-relaxing or sedative effects. In the elevated plus maze, HC (in the three doses) induced significant increases in the percentage of entries (respectively, 34.8%, 33.8%, and 38.6%) and in the length of stay (respectively, 49.9%, 56.1%, and 57.0%) in the open arms of the EPM, as well as the number of crossings in the open field tests. The mechanism of action of the compound's anxiolytic-like activity can be attributed to the involvement of GABAA receptors, and this interaction was observed in in vivo and in silico studies. For HC, the results suggest anxiolytic-like effects, possibly via modulation of the GABAergic system. The use of natural products to treat anxiety can become an alternative to existing synthetic products.
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Rojek K, Serefko A, Poleszak E, Szopa A, Wróbel A, Guz M, Xiao J, Skalicka-Woźniak K. Neurobehavioral properties of Cymbopogon essential oils and its components. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11101-020-09734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Protective Effect of Geraniol on Oxidative, Inflammatory and Apoptotic Alterations in Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Role of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100977. [PMID: 33053761 PMCID: PMC7599734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is still a major contributor to mortality worldwide, and therefore, searching for new drugs is an urgent priority. Natural products are a renewable source for medicinally and pharmacologically active molecules. The objective of this study was to explore the potential of geraniol, a monoterpene alcohol, to protect against MI. Methods: Five groups of Wister rats were used: a control group; a group treated only with geraniol; a group treated only with isoproterenol, to induce MI; and two groups pretreated with geraniol (100 or 200 mg/kg, respectively) for 14 days and challenged with isoproterenol on the 13th and 14th days. Several parameters were measured including electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac markers, the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and other downstream antioxidant enzymes, as well as the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and other downstream apoptotic and inflammatory mediators. Results: Geraniol treatment reduced the size of the infarct region, attenuated the levels of cardiac indicators, and diminished myocardial necrosis and immune cell infiltration. Geraniol treatment also activated the Keap1/Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, modulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and ameliorated myocardial autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Conclusion: Geraniol may possess a protective effect against MI through moderating MI-induced myocardial oxidative stress (glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and Keap1/Nrf2 pathway), inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)), apoptosis (caspase-3, caspase-9, Bcl2, and Bax), and autophagy (PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway).
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Costa TKVLD, Barros MS, Braga RM, Viana JDO, Sousa FBD, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Batista AUD, Almeida RND, Castro RDD. Orofacial antinociceptive activity and anchorage molecular mechanism in silico of geraniol. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e094. [PMID: 32785475 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the orofacial antinociceptive effect of geraniol in mice and its molecular anchorage mechanism. Seven mice per group (probabilistic sample) were treated with geraniol (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.), morphine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) and vehicle (saline + Tween 80 at 0.2%, i.p.) 30 minutes prior to the beginning of the experiment. Injecting glutamate (25 μM), capsaicin (2.5 μg) and formalin (2%) into the right upper lip (perinasal) of the mouse induced nociception. Behavioral analysis of the animals considered the friction time (in seconds) of the mentioned region using hind or front paws by a researcher blinded to the treatment groups. The statistical analysis was performed blindly, considering α = 5%. The results showed that in the glutamate and capsaicin tests, concentrations of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg presented antinociceptive activity (p < 0.005, power> 80%). In the formalin test, geraniol was able to reduce nociception at a concentration of 50 mg/kg (p < 0.005, power> 80%). In the molecular anchorage study, high values of binding between the evaluated substance and receptors of glutamate were observed (metabotropic glutamate receptor, -87.8501 Kcal/mol; N-methyl-D-aspartate, -86.4451 Kcal/mol; α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid, -85.6755 Kcal/mol). Geraniol presented orofacial antinociceptive activity, probably by interacting with glutamate-related receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Silva Barros
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Renan Marrinho Braga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Jéssika de Oliveira Viana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Frederico Barbosa de Sousa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - André Ulisses Dantas Batista
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Koyama S, Heinbockel T. The Effects of Essential Oils and Terpenes in Relation to Their Routes of Intake and Application. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1558. [PMID: 32106479 PMCID: PMC7084246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have been used in multiple ways, i.e., inhaling, topically applying on the skin, and drinking. Thus, there are three major routes of intake or application involved: the olfactory system, the skin, and the gastro-intestinal system. Understanding these routes is important for clarifying the mechanisms of action of essential oils. Here we summarize the three systems involved, and the effects of essential oils and their constituents at the cellular and systems level. Many factors affect the rate of uptake of each chemical constituent included in essential oils. It is important to determine how much of each constituent is included in an essential oil and to use single chemical compounds to precisely test their effects. Studies have shown synergistic influences of the constituents, which affect the mechanisms of action of the essential oil constituents. For the skin and digestive system, the chemical components of essential oils can directly activate gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and transient receptor potential channels (TRP) channels, whereas in the olfactory system, chemical components activate olfactory receptors. Here, GABA receptors and TRP channels could play a role, mostly when the signals are transferred to the olfactory bulb and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Koyama
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Hernandez-Leon A, González-Trujano ME, Narváez-González F, Pérez-Ortega G, Rivero-Cruz F, Aguilar MI. Role of β-Caryophyllene in the Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tagetes lucida Cav. Essential Oil. Molecules 2020; 25:E675. [PMID: 32033302 PMCID: PMC7037113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tagetes lucida Cav. (Asteraceae) is an ancient medicinal plant commonly used to alleviate pain. Nevertheless, scientific studies validating this property are lacking in the literature. Animal models of pain were used to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of T. lucida essential oil (TLEO) and a bioactive metabolite. The chemical constitution and possible toxicity of the extract and the mechanism of action of β-caryophyllene were also explored. Temporal course curves and dose-response graphics were generated using TLEO (0.1-10 mg/kg or 3.16-31.62 mg/kg) and β-caryophyllene (3.16-10 mg/kg). Metamizole (80 mg/kg) and indomethacin (20 mg/kg) were used as reference drugs in the formalin assay and writhing test in rats and mice, respectively. The β-caryophyllene mechanism of action was explored in the presence of naloxone (1 mg/kg), flumazenil (10 mg/kg), WAY100635 (0.16 mg/kg), or nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (20 mg/kg) in the formalin test in rats. GC/MS analysis demonstrated the presence of geranyl acetate (49.89%), geraniol (7.92%), and β-caryophyllene (6.27%). Significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive response was produced by TLEO and β-caryophyllene without the presence of gastric damage. In conclusion, β-caryophyllene was confirmed as a bioactive compound in the T. lucida analgesic properties by involving the participation of receptors like opioids, benzodiazepines, and Serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A), as well as nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernandez-Leon
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico;
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico;
| | | | - Gimena Pérez-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, Mexico;
| | - Fausto Rivero-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, Mexico; (F.R.-C.); (M.I.A.)
| | - María Isabel Aguilar
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, Mexico; (F.R.-C.); (M.I.A.)
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Abstract
This paper is the fortieth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2017 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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Li Y, Wang N, Jiang Y. Geraniol protects against lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure by activating PPARγ. Microb Pathog 2018; 128:7-12. [PMID: 30550845 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Geraniol (GOH), a natural component of plant essential oils, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects and mechanisms of GOH on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Mice were treated with GOH (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/kg) 1 h before challenging LPS (60 mg/kg) and D-GalN (800 mg/kg). 8 h later LPS/D-GlaN treatment, mice were sacrificed and the serum and the liver tissues were collected for testing. The liver pathological changes were assessed by H & E staining. MPO activity, MDA level in liver tissues, and AST, ALT levels in serum were detected by specific detection kits. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by ELISA. The expression of NF-κB and PPARγ were detected by western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. The results showed that GOH had a protective effect on LPS/D-GalN-induced FHF, as evidence by the attenuation of liver pathological injury, MPO activity, MDA level, and serum AST and ALT levels. GOH reduced liver TNF-α and IL-1β levels through inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Furthermore, GOH increased PPARγ expression in FHF induced by LPS/D-GalN. In conclusion, the present study proved that GOH protects against LPS/D-GalN-induced FHF through inhibiting inflammatory response and increasing PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Yongfang Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Nuutinen T. Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:198-228. [PMID: 30096653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabaceae plants Cannabis sativa L. and Humulus lupulus L. are rich in terpenes - both are typically comprised of terpenes as up to 3-5% of the dry-mass of the female inflorescence. Terpenes of cannabis and hops are typically simple mono- and sesquiterpenes derived from two and three isoprene units, respectively. Some terpenes are relatively well known for their potential in biomedicine and have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, while others are yet to be studied in detail. The current, comprehensive review presents terpenes found in cannabis and hops. Terpenes' medicinal properties are supported by numerous in vitro, animal and clinical trials and show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticancer, antitumor, neuroprotective, anti-mutagenic, anti-allergic, antibiotic and anti-diabetic attributes, among others. Because of the very low toxicity, these terpenes are already widely used as food additives and in cosmetic products. Thus, they have been proven safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarmo Nuutinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Univerisity of Eastern Finland (UEF), Finland; Department of Physics and Mathematics, UEF, Finland.
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Isopropyl Caffeate: A Caffeic Acid Derivative-Antioxidant Potential and Toxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6179427. [PMID: 29849905 PMCID: PMC5932986 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6179427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, among them isopropyl caffeate, possess antioxidant potential, but not without toxicity and/or adverse effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and toxicity of isopropyl caffeate through in silico, in vitro and in vivo testing. The results showed that isopropyl caffeate presents no significant theoretical risk of toxicity, with likely moderate bioactivity: GPCR binding, ion channel modulation, nuclear receptor binding, and enzyme inhibition. Isopropyl caffeate induced hemolysis only at the concentrations of 500 and 1000 μg/ml. We observed types A and O erythrocyte protection from osmotic stress, no oxidation of erythrocytes, and even sequestrator and antioxidant behavior. However, moderate toxicity, according to the classification of GHS, was demonstrated through depressant effects on the central nervous system, though there was no influence on water and food consumption or on weight gain, and it did present possible hepatoprotection. We conclude that the effects induced by isopropyl caffeate are due to its antioxidant activity, capable of preventing production of free radicals and oxidative stress, a promising molecule with pharmacological potential.
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Jiang K, Zhang T, Yin N, Ma X, Zhao G, Wu H, Qiu C, Deng G. Geraniol alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71038-71053. [PMID: 29050341 PMCID: PMC5642616 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Geraniol (GOH), a special type of acyclic monoterpene alcohol, has been widely used to treat many diseases associated with inflammation and apoptosis. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical disease in humans characterized by pulmonary inflammation and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of GOH in a mouse model of ALI induced by the intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms in RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo, GOH treatment markedly ameliorated pathological injury and pulmonary cell apoptosis and reduced the wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio of lungs, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). In vitro, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and COX-2 were significantly increased in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, an effect that was decreased by GOH treatment. Moreover, GOH treatment dramatically reduced the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and then prevented the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. GOH treatment also promoted anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression and inhibited pro-apoptotic Bax and Caspase-3 expression. Furthermore, knockdown of TLR4 expression exerted a similar effect and inhibited the phosphorylation of p65, as well as the Bax and Caspase-3 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that GOH treatment alleviates LPS-induced ALI via inhibiting pulmonary inflammation and apoptosis, a finding that might be associated with the inhibition of TLR4-mediated NF-κB and Bcl-2/Bax signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Yin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Salakhutdinov NF, Volcho KP, Yarovaya OI. Monoterpenes as a renewable source of biologically active compounds. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMonoterpenes and their derivatives play an important role in the creation of new biologically active compounds including drugs. The review focuses on the data on various types of biological activity exhibited by monoterpenes and their derivatives, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-Parkinsonian, antiviral, and antibacterial (anti-tuberculosis) effects. Searching for novel potential drugs among monoterpene derivatives shows great promise for treating various pathologies. Special attention is paid to the effect of absolute configuration of monoterpenes and monoterpenoids on their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Avenue 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin P. Volcho
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Avenue 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga I. Yarovaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Avenue 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. The Antinociceptive Activity of Geraniol. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 120:105-107. [PMID: 28000392 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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