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Najbar B, Najbar A, Sapikowski G, Kolenda K, Skawiński T. Developmental anomalies in the smooth snake, Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768 (Squamata, Colubridae) from Poland. HERPETOZOA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e85951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present four cases of rare developmental anomalies in the smooth snake Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768 from western Poland. These include brachycephaly, lordosis, a supernumerary row of ‘ventral’ scales, and the third reported case of dicephalism in snakes from Poland. All the cases are supported by X-ray radiography. One of the possible explanations for these anomalies is a low genetic variation in populations from western Poland.
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Stratakis M, Koutmanis I, Ilgaz Ç, Jablonski D, Kukushkin OV, Crnobrnja‐Isailovic J, Carretero MA, Liuzzi C, Kumlutaş Y, Lymberakis P, Poulakakis N. Evolutionary divergence of the smooth snake (Serpentes, Colubridae): The role of the Balkans and Anatolia. ZOOL SCR 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manos Stratakis
- Department of Biology School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Irakleio Greece
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Irakleio Greece
| | - Iraklis Koutmanis
- Department of Biology School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Irakleio Greece
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Irakleio Greece
| | - Çetin Ilgaz
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Dokuz Eylül University Buca‐İzmir Turkey
- Research and Application Center for Fauna and Flora Dokuz Eylul University Buca‐İzmir Turkey
| | - Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Oleg V. Kukushkin
- Department of Biodiversity Studies and Ecological Monitoring T.I. Vyazemski Karadag Research Station – Nature Reserve of Russian Academy of Sciences Theodosia Crimea
- Department of Herpetology Institute of Zoology of Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Jelka Crnobrnja‐Isailovic
- Department of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics University of Niš Niš Serbia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” ‐ National Institute of Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade Beograd Serbia
| | - Miguel A. Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Vila do Conde Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Vairão Portugal
| | | | - Yusuf Kumlutaş
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Dokuz Eylül University Buca‐İzmir Turkey
- Research and Application Center for Fauna and Flora Dokuz Eylul University Buca‐İzmir Turkey
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Irakleio Greece
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Department of Biology School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Irakleio Greece
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Irakleio Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) Foundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas (FORTH) Irakleio Greece
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3
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Conservation genetics of a wide-ranged temperate snake: same species, different locations, and different behaviour. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Blais BR, Smith BE, Placyk JS, Casper GS, Spellman GM. Phylogeography of the smooth greensnake, Opheodrys vernalis (Squamata: Colubridae): divergent lineages and variable demographics in a widely distributed yet enigmatic species. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phylogeographic studies can uncover robust details about the population structure, demographics, and diversity of species. The smooth greensnake, Opheodrys vernalis, is a small, cryptic snake occupying mesic grassland and sparsely wooded habitats. Although O. vernalis has a wide geographical range, many metapopulations are patchy and some are declining. We used mitochondrial DNA and double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing to construct the first phylogeographic assessment of O. vernalis. Genomic analysis of 119 individuals (mitochondrial DNA) and a subset of another 45 smooth greensnakes (nuclear DNA; N = 3031 single nucleotide polymorphisms) strongly supports two longitudinally separated lineages, with admixture in the Great Lakes region. Post-Pleistocene secondary contact best explains admixture from populations advancing northwards. Overall, populations expressed low heterozygosity, variable inbreeding rates, and moderate to high differentiation. Disjunct populations in the Rocky Mountains and central Great Plains regions might be contracting relicts, whereas northerly populations in more continuous mesic habitats (e.g., Prairie Pothole region, southern Canada) had signals of population expansion. Broadly, conservation management efforts should be focused on local populations, because habitat connectivity may facilitate gene flow and genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Blais
- School of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, USA
| | - Brian E Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, USA
| | - John S Placyk
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Boulevard, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Gary S Casper
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Field Station, Saukville, WI, USA
| | - Garth M Spellman
- Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, CO, USA
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Záveská E, Maylandt C, Paun O, Bertel C, Frajman B, The Steppe Consortium, Schönswetter P. Multiple auto- and allopolyploidisations marked the Pleistocene history of the widespread Eurasian steppe plant Astragalus onobrychis (Fabaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106572. [PMID: 31351183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Eurasian steppes occupy a significant portion of the worldwide land surface and their biota have been affected by specific past range dynamics driven by ice ages-related climatic fluctuations. The dynamic alterations in conditions during the Pleistocene often triggered reticulate evolution and whole genome duplication events. Employing genomic, genetic and cytogenetic tools as well as morphometry we investigate the intricate evolution of Astragalus onobrychis, a widespread Eurasian steppe plant with diploid, tetraploid and octoploid cytotypes. To analyse the heteroploid RADseq dataset we employ both genotype-based and genotype-free methods that result in highly consistent results, and complement our inference with information from the plastid ycf1 region. We uncover a complex and reticulate evolutionary history, including at least one auto-tetraploidization event and two allo-octoploidization events; one of them involved also genetic contributions from other species, most likely A. goktschaicus. The present genetic structure points to the existence of four main clades within A. onobrychis, which only partly correspond to different ploidies. Time-calibrated diffusion models suggest that diversification within A. onobrychis was associated with ice age-related climatic fluctuations during the last million years. We finally argue for the usefulness of uniparentally inherited plastid markers, even in the genomic era, especially when investigating heteroploid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Záveská
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Maylandt
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ovidiu Paun
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clara Bertel
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Božo Frajman
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - The Steppe Consortium
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Drususallee 1/Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter Schönswetter
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Jablonski D, Nagy ZT, Avcı A, Olgun K, Kukushkin OV, Safaei-Mahroo B, Jandzik D. Cryptic diversity in the smooth snake (Coronella austriaca). AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-20181025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The smooth snake, Coronella austriaca, is a common snake species widespread in the Western Palearctic region. It does not form conspicuous morphological variants and, although several evolutionary lineages have been distinguished based on the analyses of the mitochondrial DNA sequences, only two subspecies with very limited distribution have been traditionally recognized. Here we present an mtDNA phylogeography of the species using geographically extended sampling while incorporating biogeographically important areas that have not been analyzed before, such as Anatolia, Crimea, and Iran. We find that the smooth snake comprises 14 distinct phylogenetic clades with unclear mutual relationships, characterized by complex genetic structure and relatively deep divergences; some of them presumably of Miocene origin. In general, the biogeographic pattern is similar to other Western Palearctic reptiles and illustrates the importance of the main European peninsulas as well as the Anatolian mountains, Caucasus, and Alborz Mts. in Iran for the evolution of the present-day diversity. Considerable genetic structure present in the smooth snake populations within these large areas indicates the existence of several regional Plio-Pleistocene refugia that served as reservoirs for dispersal and population expansions after the glacial periods. The current taxonomy of C. austriaca does not reflect the rich genetic diversity, deep divergences, and overall evolutionary history revealed in our study and requires a thorough revision. This will only be possible with an even higher-resolution sampling and integrative approach, combining analyses of multiple genetic loci with morphology, and possibly other aspects of the smooth snake biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jablonski
- 1Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Aziz Avcı
- 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydın, Turkey
| | - Kurtuluş Olgun
- 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydın, Turkey
| | - Oleg V. Kukushkin
- 4Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- 5Department of Biodiversity Studies and Ecological Monitoring, T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Research Station – Nature Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nauki 24, 298188 Theodosia, Crimea
| | - Barbod Safaei-Mahroo
- 6Pars Herpetologists Institute, 1st Floor, No. 5, Corner of third Jahad alley, Arash St., Jalal-e Ale-Ahmad Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
| | - David Jandzik
- 1Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- 7Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
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