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Harvey N, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Vahidnezhad H, Uitto J. Pathomechanisms of epidermolysis bullosa: Beyond structural proteins. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:91-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Slac2-b Coordinates Extracellular Vesicle Secretion to Regulate Keratinocyte Adhesion and Migration. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:523-532.e2. [PMID: 32890627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Slac2-b, also known as exophilin-5, is a Rab27b effector protein with a role in exosome transport and is encoded by the EXPH5 gene. We previously described biallelic loss-of-function mutations in EXPH5 in an autosomal recessive form of epidermolysis bullosa simplex. However, how the loss of Slac2-b expression leads to skin fragility and erosions is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that keratinocytes (KCs) isolated from two different individuals with mutations in EXPH5 have significant defects in cell‒matrix adhesion. EXPH5-mutant KCs also showed increased perinuclear accumulation and significantly reduced trafficking of CD63+ vesicles. These phenotypes were also seen in Slac2-b‒deficient KCs. This was coincident with a reduction in Rab27a protein expression in Slac2-b‒mutant KCs as well as reduced secretion of extracellular vesicles containing extracellular matrix proteins. Live imaging analysis revealed a strong correlation between CD63+ vesicle trafficking to the plasma membrane and focal adhesion dynamics. These findings support a role for Slac2-b in regulating local focal adhesion dynamics to support effective KC adhesion and provide insight into the underlying pathophysiology of inherited skin blistering.
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Diociaiuti A, Pisaneschi E, Rossi S, Condorelli AG, Carnevale C, Zambruno G, El Hachem M. Autosomal recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex due to EXPH5 mutation: neonatal diagnosis of the first Italian case and literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e694-e697. [PMID: 32176379 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - E Pisaneschi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A G Condorelli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Carnevale
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Zambruno
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Has C, Fischer J. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa: New diagnostics and new clinical phenotypes. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:1146-1152. [PMID: 29679399 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders characterized by skin fragility. EB comprises a large spectrum of phenotypes, ranging from severe cutaneous and extracutaneous involvement caused by lack of key adhesion proteins, to mild cutaneous fragility caused by subtle molecular defects. Disease-causing variants in 20 different genes account for the genetic and allelic heterogeneity of EB. Here, we discuss the development of laboratory methods that enabled these discoveries and the clinical and molecular features of some new EB entities elucidated during the past 5-6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Has
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Judith Fischer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Malchin N, Sarig O, Grafi-Cohen M, Geller S, Goldberg I, Shani A, Gat A, Sprecher E, Mashiah J. A novel homozygous deletion in EXPH5 causes a skin fragility phenotype. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:915-918. [PMID: 27730671 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is the most common form of EB. Eight different genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of different types of EBS, but a substantial portion of the cases cannot be attributed to mutations in known genes. Recently, recessive mutations in the gene EXPH5 (encoding exophilin-5, also known as Slac2-b) were identified in patients affected with a mild form of EBS. We used immunohistochemistry, Sanger sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to identify the cause of mild congenital skin fragility in a 3-year-old girl. No mutations were detected in KRT5 or KRT14, but we identified a novel homozygous deletion in EXPH5, which was found to cosegregate with the disease phenotype in the family. Our results further expand the spectrum of mutations in EXPH5. Appraisal of the present case against previously reported patients indicate that EXPH5 mutations result in a distinctive skin fragility phenotype, with minimal blistering compared with other forms of basal EBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Malchin
- Department of Dermatology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Sarig
- Department of Dermatology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Grafi-Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Geller
- Department of Dermatology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Goldberg
- Department of Dermatology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Shani
- Department of Dermatology, Ha Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - A Gat
- Department of Pathology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Mashiah
- Department of Dermatology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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McGrath JA. Recently Identified Forms of Epidermolysis Bullosa. Ann Dermatol 2015; 27:658-66. [PMID: 26719633 PMCID: PMC4695416 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2015.27.6.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises a collection of clinically diverse inherited blistering diseases that affect the skin and, in some subtypes, mucous membranes and other organs. Currently classified into four main subtypes (EB simplex, junctional EB, dystrophic EB, and Kindler syndrome, mainly based on the level of skin cleavage), the spectrum of EB extends to more than 30 clinical subtypes with pathogenic mutations in at least 18 distinct genes. This review focuses on three recent additions to variants of EB: all are autosomal recessive, and result from mutations in either DST-e (coding for epidermal dystonin, also known as the 230 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen, BP230), EXPH5 (coding for exophilin-5, also known as Slac2-b), or ITGA3 (coding for the integrin alpha-3 subunit). Each of these new forms of EB is reviewed with respect to the initial gene discovery, clinical features, the current mutation database, and skin pathology. Awareness of these recently described forms of EB is helpful in the clinical evaluation of patients with EB and in defining genotype-phenotype correlation for inherited blistering skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK
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