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Ali OH, Yurchenko AA, Pavlova O, Sartori A, Bomze D, Higgins R, Ring SS, Hartmann F, Bühler D, Fritzsche FR, Jochum W, Navarini AA, Kim A, French LE, Dermitzakis E, Christiano AM, Hohl D, Bickers DR, Nikolaev SI, Flatz L. Genomic profiling of late-onset basal cell carcinomas from two brothers with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:396-402. [PMID: 32564428 PMCID: PMC7750252 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. It is commonly caused by mutations in PTCH1 and chiefly characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) developing prior to the age of 30 years. In rare cases, NBCCS presents with a late onset of BCC development. OBJECTIVE To investigate BCC tumorigenesis in two brothers, who showed characteristic features of NBCCS but developed their first BCCs only after the age of 40 years. Two other siblings did not show signs of NBCCS. RESULTS We obtained blood samples from four siblings and nine BCCs from the two brothers with NBCCS. Whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing revealed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of PTCH1 in eight out of nine tumours that consistently involved the same haplotype on chromosome 9. This haplotype contained a germinal splice site mutation in PTCH1 (NM_001083605:exon9:c.763-6C>A). Analysis of germline DNA confirmed segregation of this mutation with the disease. All BCCs harboured additional somatic loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in the remaining PTCH1 allele which are not typically seen in other cases of NBCCS. This suggests a hypomorphic nature of the germinal PTCH1 mutation in this family. Furthermore, all BCCs had a similar tumour mutational burden compared to BCCs of unrelated NBCCS patients while harbouring a higher number of damaging PTCH1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that a sequence of three genetic hits leads to the late development of BCCs in two brothers with NBCCS: a hypomorphic germline mutation, followed by somatic LOH and additional mutations that complete PTCH1 inactivation. These genetic events are in line with the late occurrence of the first BCC and with the higher number of damaging PTCH1 mutations compared to usual cases of NBCCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hasan Ali
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St.
Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology,
Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andrey A. Yurchenko
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus,
Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Olesya Pavlova
- Service of Dermatology and Venerology, CHUV, Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Ambra Sartori
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University
of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Bomze
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St.
Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Higgins
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra S. Ring
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St.
Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St.
Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Wolfram Jochum
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St.
Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Arianna Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving
Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Lars E. French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology,
Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University
of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela M. Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving
Medical Center, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia
University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Hohl
- Service of Dermatology and Venerology, CHUV, Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - David R. Bickers
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving
Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Sergey I. Nikolaev
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus,
Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- University Paris 7, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris,
France
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St.
Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology,
Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Barros FS, Marussi VHR, Amaral LLF, da Rocha AJ, Campos CMS, Freitas LF, Huisman TAGM, Soares BP. The Rare Neurocutaneous Disorders: Update on Clinical, Molecular, and Neuroimaging Features. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 27:433-462. [PMID: 30516694 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phakomatoses, also known as neurocutaneous disorders, comprise a vast number of entities that predominantly affect structures originated from the ectoderm such as the central nervous system and the skin, but also the mesoderm, particularly the vascular system. Extensive literature exists about the most common phakomatoses, namely neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, von Hippel-Lindau and Sturge-Weber syndrome. However, recent developments in the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of less common phakomatoses have sparked interest in these disorders. In this article, we review the clinical features, current pathogenesis, and modern neuroimaging findings of melanophakomatoses, vascular phakomatoses, and other rare neurocutaneous syndromes that may also include tissue overgrowth or neoplastic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe S Barros
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Victor Hugo R Marussi
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Lázaro L F Amaral
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Antônio José da Rocha
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane M S Campos
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Leonardo F Freitas
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bruno P Soares
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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